Law on Oversight Activities of the National Assembly and People’s Councils 2025, No. 121/2025/QH15

LAW

 On Oversight Activities of the National Assembly and People’s Councils^[1]

Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;

The National Assembly promulgates the Law on Oversight Activities of the National Assembly and People’s Councils.

Chapter I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of regulation

This Law prescribes oversight activities of the National Assembly and People’s Councils; the rights and responsibilities of oversight bodies, agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight, and other agencies, organisations and individuals related to oversight activities; and assurance of oversight activities.

Article 2. Interpretation of terms

In this Law, the terms below are construed as follows:

1. Oversight by the National Assembly and People’s Councils means a method of controlling state power through the monitoring, examination and assessment by oversight bodies of the National Assembly and People’s Councils of activities of agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight in complying with the Constitution and laws; handling matters within their competence or requesting or recommending competent agencies to handle such matters, thereby contributing to the improvement of policies and laws, and deciding on important issues of the country and localities, ensuring discipline and order, and enhancing the operational effectiveness of the state apparatus.

2. Oversight bodies of the National Assembly include the National Assembly, the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly, National Assembly deputies’ delegations and National Assembly deputies.

3. Oversight bodies of People’s Councils include People’s Councils, Standing Bodies of People’s Councils, Committees of People’s Councils, Groups of People’s Council deputies and People’s Council deputies.

4. Supreme oversight means oversight conducted by the National Assembly at its sessions over agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight in complying with the Constitution, laws and resolutions of the National Assembly.

5. Thematic oversight means oversight conducted by the oversight bodies prescribed in this Law over issues or areas of activities of agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight in complying with the Constitution and laws.

6. Oversight of legal documents means oversight conducted by the oversight bodies prescribed in this Law regarding the constitutionality, legality and consistency of legal documents within the legal system; the timeliness and completeness thereof, and compliance with competence, form, order and procedures for promulgation of legal documents.

7. Interpellation means the raising of issues by National Assembly deputies or People’s Council deputies falling within the responsibility of the person subject to interpellation, and of requests for such person to answer regarding his/her responsibility for the issues raised.

8. Explanation means the explanation and clarification by agencies, organisations or individuals of their responsibilities in performing tasks and exercising powers at the request of the oversight bodies prescribed in this Law.

Article 3. Principles of oversight activities

1. To ensure the comprehensive and direct leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

2. To comply with the Constitution and laws.

3. To ensure objectivity, publicity, transparency and effectiveness.

4. To conduct comprehensive oversight with focus on key matters, meeting practical requirements.

5. To ensure linkage between oversight activities and the improvement of policies and laws, and making of decision on important issues of the country and localities.

6. To refrain from obstructing the normal operations of agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight.

Article 4. Rights of oversight bodies

1. To request agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight to report, provide information and documents related to oversight contents, and explain matters of concern to oversight bodies; to request other agencies, organisations and individuals to provide information and documents related to oversight contents.

2. When deeming it necessary, to request expert assessment, invite consultants, collect information, contact and exchange opinions with relevant agencies, organisations and individuals; to organise examination and verification of matters of concern to oversight bodies.

3. To request and propose relevant agencies, organisations and persons to appoint persons to participate in oversight activities and coordinate in carrying out oversight activities.

4. To request competent agencies, organisations and persons to apply necessary measures to promptly terminate violations of law, consider responsibilities, handle violators, and promptly restore interests of the State and lawful rights and interests of organisations and individuals infringed upon. Competent agencies, organisations and persons shall settle the matter and respond within 15 days from the date of receipt of the request. When such time limit expires without any response, the oversight body may request the head of the superior agency or organisation to consider and settle the matter; the head of the superior agency or organisation shall settle the matter and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of the request.

5. Within their competence, to issue oversight resolutions, conclusions or recommendations.

6. To request or recommend competent agencies, organisations and persons to consider handling responsibilities of agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight that obstruct or unlawfully interfere with, or fail to comply with requests, resolutions, conclusions or recommendations of oversight bodies; depending on the nature and severity of the violation, to request or recommend competent agencies, organisations and persons to handle, in accordance with law, heads of agencies or organisations subject to oversight and relevant persons.

7. To exercise other rights as prescribed by this Law and other relevant laws.

Article 5. Responsibilities of oversight bodies

1. To properly comply with the principles of oversight activities prescribed in Article 3 of this Law.

2. To notify in advance the plans, contents and requirements of oversight, and the contents requested to be reported, to agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight and other relevant agencies, organisations and individuals.

3. To properly comply with the competence, order and procedures for oversight and with oversight programmes, plans and contents.

4. To manage, use and protect information and documents collected during oversight activities in accordance with law.

5. To respond to matters related to oversight activities for agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight and other relevant agencies, organisations and individuals.

6. To take responsibility for their requests, reports, resolutions, conclusions and recommendations on oversight; to reconsider oversight conclusions and recommendations upon request of agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight.

7. To monitor, urge and examine the implementation of oversight resolutions, conclusions and recommendations in accordance with Clause 3, Article 40 of this Law.

8. To periodically report on results of oversight activities in accordance with Article 12 of this Law or at the request of competent agencies or persons.

Article 6. Rights of agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight

1. To be notified in advance of oversight plans, contents and requirements, and contents requested to be reported; to receive responses on matters related to oversight activities.

2. To explain and defend the correctness of implementation of policies and laws within their tasks and powers.

3. To request oversight bodies to reconsider oversight conclusions and recommendations related to their activities in accordance with Clause 2, Article 40 of this Law.

Article 7. Responsibilities of agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight

1. To fully implement oversight plans, contents and requirements; to provide reports and explanations in an honest, objective, complete and timely manner at the request of oversight bodies.

2. To provide information and documents related to their assigned tasks at the request of oversight bodies, except information classified as state secrets under the law on protection of state secrets to which such oversight bodies are not entitled to access; to take responsibility for the accuracy, truthfulness and completeness of information and documents provided. Information and documents shall be provided within 5 working days from the date of receipt of the request; in cases involving complicated information and documents requiring more time for summarisation, such time limit may be longer but must not exceed 15 days.

3. Individuals and heads of agencies or organisations subject to oversight shall directly report, explain and answer matters requested by oversight bodies; if unable to carry out direct reporting, explanation or answering, they may authorise their deputies to do so if it is consented by the oversight body; for interpellation activities, persons subject to interpellation may not authorise others to answer on their behalf, unless otherwise prescribed by law.

4. To apply necessary measures to promptly terminate violations of law and restore interests of the State and lawful rights and interests of organisations and individuals infringed upon.

5. Not to obstruct or unlawfully interfere with oversight activities of oversight bodies.

6. To strictly comply with oversight resolutions of the National Assembly, the National Assembly Standing Committee and People’s Councils; to strictly implement oversight conclusions and recommendations of the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly, National Assembly deputies’ delegations, National Assembly deputies, Standing Bodies of People’s Councils, Committees of People’s Councils and People’s Council deputies.

Article 8. Participation in oversight activities by agencies, organisations and individuals

1. The Vietnam Fatherland Front Committees and experts possessing specialised knowledge and experience in the issues or sectors subject to oversight may be invited to participate in oversight activities.

2. Relevant agencies, organisations and individuals shall participate in oversight activities upon request of oversight bodies.

Article 9. Coordination in oversight activities

1. Oversight bodies shall coordinate with other oversight bodies and the Vietnam Fatherland Front Committees, inspection bodies, audit bodies and other competent agencies, organisations and persons in formulating oversight programmes, plans and contents and implementing oversight activities in order to avoid overlaps and improve oversight effectiveness.

2. During oversight activities, in case shortcomings or limitations detected in policies, laws or implementation thereof fall within the competence or sector under the responsibility of another oversight body, the oversight body concerned shall promptly notify those shortcomings or limitations to such oversight body for coordination in oversight.

3. Inspection bodies, audit bodies and other competent agencies, organisations and persons shall provide information and documents related to oversight contents at the request of oversight bodies, unless otherwise prescribed by law; and shall take responsibility for the accuracy, truthfulness and completeness of information and documents provided. Information and documents shall be provided within 5 working days from the date of receipt of the request; in case involving complicated information and documents requiring more time for summarisation, such time limit may be longer but must not exceed 15 days.

4. Inspection bodies, audit bodies and other competent agencies, organisations and persons shall appoint members to participate in oversight activities upon request of oversight bodies.

Article 10. Publicity and transparency in oversight activities

1. Oversight programmes and plans, reports on oversight results, oversight resolutions, conclusions and recommendations, reports on implementation of oversight resolutions, conclusions and recommendations, documents replying to interpellations, documents settling and replying to voters’ petitions, and other documents as prescribed by law shall be posted on the portals or websites of the National Assembly and People’s Councils, or published in the mass media or by other forms in accordance with the law on access to information, unless otherwise prescribed by law.

2. Press agencies are entitled to access and report on oversight activities in accordance with law.

3. Agencies, organisations and individuals are entitled to access information on oversight activities and provide opinions and recommendations to the National Assembly and People’s Councils regarding oversight activities in accordance with law.

Article 11. Effectiveness of oversight

1. The effectiveness of oversight by the National Assembly and People’s Councils shall be assessed on the basis of the following contents:

a/ Implementation of the Party’s guidelines and policies, the Constitution, and the State’s laws;

b/ Suitability of the issues or sectors subject to oversight and the timing of oversight activities;

c/ Degree of impact on the effectiveness of operation of the state apparatus, improvement of policies and laws, and making of decision on important issues of the country and localities.

2. Oversight bodies shall report on the effectiveness of their oversight activities when performing their periodical reporting responsibilities in accordance with Article 12 of this Law or upon request of competent agencies or persons.

Article 12. Periodical reporting responsibilities of oversight bodies

1. The National Assembly shall report to voters nationwide on its supreme oversight activities through the mass media and voter contact activities of National Assembly deputies.

2. The National Assembly Standing Committee shall report to the National Assembly on results of implementation of oversight programmes of the National Assembly, the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly, National Assembly deputies’ delegations and National Assembly deputies.

3. The Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly shall report to the National Assembly and the National Assembly Standing Committee on results of implementation of their oversight programmes.

4. National Assembly deputies’ delegations shall report to the National Assembly Standing Committee on results of implementation of their oversight programmes and on results of implementation of oversight programmes of National Assembly deputies within the delegations.

5. National Assembly deputies shall report to their National Assembly deputies’ delegations on results of implementation of their oversight programmes; and shall report to local voters on their oversight activities through voter contact activities.

6. People’s Councils shall report to local voters on their oversight activities through the mass media and voter contact activities of People’s Council deputies.

7. Standing Bodies of People’s Councils shall report to People’s Councils on results of implementation of oversight programmes of the People’s Councils, Standing Bodies of People’s Councils, Committees of People’s Councils and People’s Council deputies, and on oversight results of Groups of People’s Council deputies regarding matters assigned by the People’s Councils or Standing Bodies of People’s Councils.

8. Committees of People’s Councils shall report to People’s Councils and Standing Bodies of People’s Councils on results of implementation of their oversight programmes.

9. Groups of People’s Council deputies shall report to People’s Councils and Standing Bodies of People’s Councils on results of oversight activities regarding matters assigned by the People’s Councils or Standing Bodies of People’s Councils; and shall report to Standing Bodies of People’s Councils on results of implementation of oversight programmes of People’s Council deputies within the Groups.

10. People’s Council deputies shall report to Standing Bodies of People’s Councils, through Groups of People’s Council deputies, on results of implementation of their oversight programmes; and shall report to local voters on their oversight activities through voter contact activities.

Chapter II

OVERSIGHT BY THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Section 1

SUPREME OVERSIGHT BY THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Article 13. Competence of the National Assembly in supreme oversight

1. To conduct supreme oversight over activities of the President, the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Government, the Prime Minister, Ministers and other members of the Government, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuracy, the National Election Council, the State Audit Office of Vietnam and other agencies established by the National Assembly in complying with the Constitution, laws and resolutions of the National Assembly.

2. To conduct supreme oversight over legal documents specified in Clauses 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents.

3. In case of necessity to meet practical requirements, the National Assembly shall conduct oversight over activities of other agencies, organisations and individuals in complying with the Constitution and laws.

Article 14. Supreme oversight activities of the National Assembly

1. The National Assembly shall conduct the following oversight activities:

a/ To consider work reports of the President, the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Government, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuracy, the National Election Council, the State Audit Office of Vietnam, and other agencies established by the National Assembly, and other reports as prescribed by law or at the proposal of the National Assembly Standing Committee;

b/ To consider legal documents specified in Clause 3, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents showing signs of contravention of the Constitution, laws or resolutions of the National Assembly at the proposal of the President; to consider legal documents specified in Clauses 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents showing signs of contravention of the Constitution, laws or resolutions of the National Assembly at the proposal of the National Assembly Standing Committee;

c/ To consider answers to interpellations by persons subject to interpellation specified in Point a, Clause 1, Article 25 of this Law;

d/ To establish oversight delegations to conduct thematic oversight and consider reports on oversight results of such oversight delegations;

dd/ To consider reports on oversight results of the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly regarding themes assigned by the National Assembly; to consider reports on other thematic oversight results at the proposal of the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, and Committees of the National Assembly when deeming it necessary;

e/ To establish provisional committees to investigate specific matters and consider investigation reports of such committees;

g/ To consider implementation of the National Assembly’s resolutions on oversight;

h/ To consider reports of the National Assembly Standing Committee on oversight recommendations of the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly, National Assembly deputies’ delegations and National Assembly deputies;

i/ To take scheduled or unscheduled votes of confidence for persons holding positions elected or approved by the National Assembly in accordance with the National Assembly’s regulations on taking of scheduled or unscheduled votes of confidence.

2. The order and procedures for conducting supreme oversight activities of the National Assembly at sessions prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article must comply with the Internal Regulations of National Assembly sessions and other relevant regulations of the National Assembly; in case no such regulations exist, the National Assembly Standing Committee shall issue detailed regulations.

3. The National Assembly shall decide on its annual oversight programme on the basis of proposals of the National Assembly Standing Committee; assign the National Assembly Standing Committee to adopt plans and organise implementation of the oversight programme of the National Assembly; and assign the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly and National Assembly deputies’ delegations to organise implementation of certain contents of the oversight programme and report on implementation results to the National Assembly. In case of necessity to meet practical requirements, during periods when the National Assembly is in recess, the National Assembly Standing Committee may decide on adjustments to the oversight programme of the National Assembly and report thereon to the National Assembly at the nearest session.

Article 15. Powers of the National Assembly in considering oversight results

1. To request the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Government, the Prime Minister, Ministers, Heads of ministerial-level agencies, the Council of Justices of the Supreme People’s Court, the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court, the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy and the Auditor General of the State Audit Office of Vietnam to promulgate documents detailing laws and resolutions of the National Assembly.

2. To annul part or the whole of legal documents specified in Clauses 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents that contravene the Constitution, laws or resolutions of the National Assembly.

3. To relieve from duty or remove from office the President, the Vice President, the Chairperson of the National Assembly, Vice Chairpersons of the National Assembly, members of the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Chairperson of the Ethnic Council, Chairpersons of Committees of the National Assembly, the Secretary General of the National Assembly cum the Chairperson of the Office of the National Assembly, the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court, the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy, the Chairperson of the National Election Council, the Auditor General of the State Audit Office of Vietnam, and heads of other agencies established by the National Assembly; to approve proposals for removal from office or dismissal of Deputy Prime Ministers, Ministers, other members of the Government, and Judge of the Supreme People’s Court.

4. To take unscheduled votes of confidence for persons holding positions elected or approved by the National Assembly in accordance with the National Assembly’s regulations on taking of unscheduled votes of confidence.

5. To request competent agencies or persons to relieve from duty, remove from office, dismiss or handle persons committing serious violations of law.

6. To decide on other matters falling within the competence of the National Assembly.

Section 2

OVERSIGHT BY THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY STANDING COMMITTEE

Article 16. Oversight competence of the National Assembly Standing Committee

1. To oversee activities of the Government, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuracy, the State Audit Office of Vietnam, other agencies established by the National Assembly and provincial-level People’s Councils in complying with the Constitution, laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

2. To oversee legal documents specified in Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents.

3. To oversee resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils.

4. To assist the National Assembly in organising oversight activities when assigned by the National Assembly.

5. In case of necessity to meet practical requirements, the National Assembly Standing Committee shall conduct oversight over activities of other agencies, organisations and individuals in complying with the Constitution and laws.

Article 17. Oversight activities of the National Assembly Standing Committee

1. The National Assembly Standing Committee may conduct the following oversight activities:

a/ To consider work reports of the Government, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuracy, the State Audit Office of Vietnam, and other agencies established by the National Assembly, and other reports as prescribed by law during the interval between two sessions of the National Assembly as assigned by the National Assembly or when deeming it necessary;

b/ To consider legal documents specified in Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents showing signs of contravention of the Constitution, laws or resolutions of the National Assembly, or ordinances or resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee, when detected by itself or at the proposal of the Government, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuracy, the State Audit Office of Vietnam, the Central Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front, or central bodies of socio-political organisations, or recommendations of the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly or National Assembly deputies;

c/ To consider answers to interpellations by persons subject to interpellation specified in Point a, Clause 1, Article 25 of this Law during the interval between two sessions of the National Assembly;

d/ To establish oversight delegations to conduct thematic oversight and consider reports on oversight results of such oversight delegations;

dd/ To consider reports on oversight results of the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly regarding themes assigned by the National Assembly Standing Committee; to consider reports on other thematic oversight results at the proposal of the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly when deeming it necessary;

e/ To oversee settlement of complaints, denunciations, petitions and reflections of agencies, organisations and individuals;

g/ To oversee settlement of and replies to voters’ petitions;

h/ To oversee compliance by competent agencies, organisations and persons with consultation requirements during the process of drafting laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee in accordance with the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents and other relevant laws;

i/ To oversee elections of National Assembly deputies and People’s Council deputies;

k/ To consider activity reports of provincial-level People’s Councils;

l/ To consider resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils showing signs of contravention of the Constitution or legal documents of superior state agencies;

m/ To consider implementation of oversight resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee;

n/ To consider oversight recommendations of the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly, National Assembly deputies’ delegations and National Assembly deputies;

o/ To propose to the National Assembly the taking of unscheduled votes of confidence for persons holding positions elected or approved by the National Assembly in accordance with the National Assembly’s regulations on taking of unscheduled votes of confidence.

2. The National Assembly Standing Committee shall decide on, and organise implementation of, its annual oversight programme; assign the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly and National Assembly deputies’ delegations to organise implementation of certain contents of the oversight programme and report on implementation results to the National Assembly Standing Committee; and, in case of necessity to meet practical requirements, decide on adjustments to the oversight programme.

Article 18. Competence of the National Assembly Standing Committee in considering oversight results

1. To decide on interpretation of the Constitution, laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee; to request the Government, the Prime Minister, Ministers, Heads of ministerial-level agencies, the Council of Justices of the Supreme People’s Court, the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court, the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy and the Auditor General of the State Audit Office of Vietnam to promulgate documents detailing laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

2. To terminate the implementation of part or the whole of legal documents specified in Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents that contravene the Constitution, laws or resolutions of the National Assembly, and propose the National Assembly to consider and decide on annulment of part or the whole of such documents at the nearest session.

3. To annul part or the whole of legal documents specified in Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents that contravene ordinances or resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

4. To recommend to the National Assembly or request competent agencies or persons to relieve from duty, remove from office, dismiss or handle persons committing serious violations of law.

5. To propose to the National Assembly the taking of unscheduled votes of confidence for persons holding positions elected or approved by the National Assembly in accordance with the National Assembly’s regulations on taking of unscheduled votes of confidence.

6. To annul part or the whole of resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils that contravene the Constitution or legal documents of superior state agencies; to dissolve provincial-level People’s Councils in case such People’s Councils cause serious harm to the interests of the people.

7. To decide on other matters falling within the competence of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

Section 3

OVERSIGHT BY THE ETHNIC COUNCIL AND COMMITTEES OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Article 19. Oversight competence of the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly

1. Within the ambit of their tasks and powers, to oversee activities of the Government, ministries, ministerial-level agencies, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuracy, the State Audit Office of Vietnam and other central state agencies in complying with the Constitution, laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

2. To oversee legal documents specified in Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents falling within the sectors under the responsibility of the Ethnic Council or Committees of the National Assembly.

3. To assist the National Assembly and the National Assembly Standing Committee in organising oversight activities when assigned by the National Assembly or the National Assembly Standing Committee.

4. In case of necessity to meet practical requirements, the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly shall conduct oversight over activities of other agencies, organisations and individuals in complying with the Constitution and laws.

Article 20. Oversight activities of the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly

1. The Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly may conduct the following oversight activities:

a/ To verify reports of the Government, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuracy, and the State Audit Office of Vietnam and other reports as prescribed by law falling within the sectors under the responsibility of the Ethnic Council or Committees of the National Assembly or as assigned by the National Assembly Standing Committee;

b/ To oversee legal documents specified in Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents;

c/ To establish oversight delegations to conduct thematic oversight and consider reports on oversight results of such oversight delegations;

d/ To organise explanation activities at meetings of the Ethnic Council or Committees of the National Assembly for members of the Government, the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court, the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy and the Auditor General of the State Audit Office of Vietnam to provide explanations, and for relevant individuals to participate in explanations, on matters falling within the sectors under the responsibility of the Ethnic Council or Committees of the National Assembly;

dd/ To oversee settlement of complaints, denunciations, petitions and reflections of agencies, organisations and individuals falling within the sectors under the responsibility of the Ethnic Council or Committees of the National Assembly or as assigned by the National Assembly Standing Committee;

e/ To oversee settlement of and replies to voters’ petitions as assigned by the National Assembly Standing Committee;

g/ Within the ambit of their tasks and powers, to oversee compliance by competent agencies, organisations and persons with consultation requirements during the process of drafting laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee in accordance with the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents and other relevant laws;

h/ Within the ambit of their tasks and powers, to coordinate with relevant parliamentary bodies of countries jointly concluding treaties or international agreements in conducting oversight of implementation of treaties or international agreements on the basis of respect for independence, sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, and in conformity with provisions of such treaties or international agreements, laws and practical conditions of the signatories;

i/ To recommend the National Assembly Standing Committee to consider submitting to the National Assembly the taking of unscheduled votes of confidence for persons holding positions elected or approved by the National Assembly in accordance with the National Assembly’s regulations on taking of unscheduled votes of confidence.

2. The Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly shall decide on their annual oversight programmes, and assign the Standing Body of the Ethnic Council and Standing Bodies of Committees of the National Assembly to organise implementation of such programmes. In case of necessity to meet practical requirements, the Standing Body of the Ethnic Council or Standing Bodies of Committees of the National Assembly may decide on adjustments to oversight programmes and report thereon to the Ethnic Council or Committees of the National Assembly at the nearest meeting.

The Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly shall report to the National Assembly Standing Committee on their oversight programmes.

Article 21. Competence of the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly in considering oversight results

1. Based on results of oversight activities specified in Points a, b, c, d, dd, e, g and i, Clause 1, Article 20 of this Law, the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly have the following competence:

a/ To recommend the National Assembly Standing Committee to interpret the Constitution, laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee;

b/ To recommend competent agencies, organisations and persons to amend, supplement, replace, suspend the effect of, terminate the implementation of, or annul part or the whole of, legal documents that contravene the Constitution or legal documents of superior state agencies; the competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations.

To recommend competent agencies, organisations and persons to promulgate documents detailing laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee;

c/ To recommend the Prime Minister, other members of the Government, the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court, the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy, the Auditor General of the State Audit Office of Vietnam, heads of relevant central agencies and chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees to settle matters related to implementation of guidelines, policies and laws falling within the sectors under the responsibility of the Ethnic Council or Committees of the National Assembly. Recipients of such recommendations shall consider and respond within 15 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations; in case of force majeure events or in case there are many complicated contents, such time limit may be longer but must not exceed 30 days. When such time limit expires without any response, or in case the response is disagreed with, the Ethnic Council or Committees of the National Assembly may recommend the Chairperson of the National Assembly to request the recipient of the recommendation to answer at a meeting of the National Assembly Standing Committee or at the nearest session of the National Assembly; for chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees, to request the Prime Minister to consider and handle the matter in accordance with this Law and other relevant laws;

d/ To recommend the National Assembly Standing Committee to consider submitting to the National Assembly the taking of unscheduled votes of confidence for persons holding positions elected or approved by the National Assembly in accordance with the National Assembly’s regulations on taking of unscheduled votes of confidence;

dd/ To decide on other matters falling within the competence of the Ethnic Council or Committees of the National Assembly.

2. Based on results of coordinated oversight activities specified in Point h, Clause 1, Article 20 of this Law, the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly may recommend competent agencies of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the following contents:

a/ Improvement of policies and laws to enhance the effectiveness of implementation of treaties and international agreements;

b/ Adjustment of methods and mechanisms for organising implementation of treaties and international agreements;

c/ Consideration of amendment, supplementation, extension, invalidation, denunciation, withdrawal from, or suspension of implementation of treaties and international agreements.

Section 4

OVERSIGHT BY NATIONAL ASSEMBLY DEPUTIES’ DELEGATIONS

Article 22. Oversight competence of National Assembly deputies’ delegations

1. To oversee activities of People’s Committees, agencies under People’s Committees, People’s Courts, People’s Procuracies, civil judgment enforcement agencies and other local agencies in complying with the Constitution and laws.

2. To assist the National Assembly and the National Assembly Standing Committee in conducting oversight when assigned by the National Assembly or the National Assembly Standing Committee; to participate in oversight activities of the National Assembly, the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly and provincial-level People’s Councils in localities upon request or proposal.

Article 23. Oversight activities of National Assembly deputies’ delegations

1. National Assembly deputies’ delegations may conduct the following oversight activities:

a/ To establish oversight delegations to conduct thematic oversight and consider reports on oversight results of such oversight delegations;

b/ To oversee settlement of complaints, denunciations, petitions and reflections of agencies, organisations and individuals;

c/ To participate in oversight of settlement of and replies to voters’ petitions falling within the competence of competent central agencies, organisations and persons as assigned by the National Assembly Standing Committee; to coordinate with Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils and provincial-level Vietnam Fatherland Front Committees in overseeing settlement of and replies to voters’ petitions falling within the competence of competent local agencies, organisations and persons;

d/ To appoint National Assembly deputies within the National Assembly delegations to participate in oversight activities of the National Assembly, the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly and provincial-level People’s Councils in localities upon request or proposal.

2. National Assembly deputies’ delegations shall decide on, and organise implementation of, their annual oversight programmes; in case of necessity to meet practical requirements, they may decide on adjustments to oversight programmes. National Assembly deputies’ delegations shall report to the National Assembly Standing Committee on their oversight programmes.

Article 24. Competence of National Assembly deputies’ delegations in considering oversight results

1. To recommend competent local agencies or persons to amend, supplement, replace, suspend the effect of, terminate the implementation of, or annul part or the whole of, legal documents that contravene the Constitution or legal documents of superior state agencies. The competent agencies or persons shall consider and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations.

2. To recommend competent local agencies, organisations and persons to settle matters related to implementation of guidelines, policies and laws. The competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 15 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations; in case of force majeure events or in case there are many complicated contents, such time limit may be longer but must not exceed 30 days. When such time limit expires without any response, or in case the response is disagreed with, National Assembly deputies’ delegations may recommend competent agencies, organisations or persons to consider and settle the matter and concurrently report thereon to the National Assembly Standing Committee for consideration and decision.

3. To recommend competent central agencies, organisations and persons to amend, supplement, replace, suspend the effect of, suspend the implementation of, or annul part or the whole of, legal documents that contravene the Constitution or legal documents of superior state agencies; to settle matters falling within their competence related to implementation of guidelines, policies and laws in localities. The competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations.

To recommend competent central agencies, organisations and persons to promulgate documents detailing laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

National Assembly deputies’ delegations shall send recommendations to competent central agencies, organisations and persons, and concurrently to the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly according to the sectors under their responsibility for coordination in monitoring, urging and overseeing settlement by competent agencies, organisations and persons.

4. To decide on other matters falling within the competence of National Assembly deputies’ delegations.

Section 5

OVERSIGHT BY NATIONAL ASSEMBLY DEPUTIES

Article 25. Oversight competence and activities of National Assembly deputies

1. National Assembly deputies have the competence to conduct, and shall conduct, the following oversight activities:

a/ To interpellate the President, the Chairperson of the National Assembly, the Prime Minister, Ministers, other members of the Government, the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court, the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy and the Auditor General of the State Audit Office of Vietnam;

b/ To oversee legal documents;

c/ To oversee law implementation in localities where they are members of National Assembly deputies’ delegations;

d/ To oversee settlement of complaints, denunciations, petitions and reflections of agencies, organisations and individuals;

dd/ To participate in oversight activities of the National Assembly deputies’ delegations of which they are members; to participate in oversight activities of the National Assembly, the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly and provincial-level People’s Councils upon request or proposal.

2. National Assembly deputies shall decide on, and organise implementation of, their annual oversight programmes (if any); in case of necessity to meet practical requirements, they may decide on adjustments to such oversight programmes. National Assembly deputies shall notify their National Assembly deputies’ delegations of their oversight programmes (if any).

National Assembly deputies’ delegations shall make arrangements for National Assembly deputies within their delegations to conduct oversight in localities.

Article 26. Competence of National Assembly deputies in considering oversight results

1. To recommend the National Assembly Standing Committee to interpret the Constitution, laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

2. To recommend competent agencies, organisations and persons to amend, supplement, replace, suspend the effect of, terminate the implementation of, or annul part or the whole of, legal documents that contravene the Constitution or legal documents of superior state agencies. The competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations.

To recommend competent agencies, organisations and persons to promulgate documents detailing laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

3. To recommend competent agencies, organisations and persons to consider and settle matters related to implementation of guidelines, policies and laws. The competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 15 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations; in case of force majeure events or in case there are many complicated contents, such time limit may be longer but must not exceed 30 days. When such time limit expires without any response, or in case the response is disagreed with, National Assembly deputies may recommend competent agencies, organisations or persons to consider and settle the matter and concurrently report thereon to the National Assembly Standing Committee for consideration and decision.

4. To recommend the National Assembly Standing Committee to consider submitting to the National Assembly the taking of unscheduled votes of confidence for persons holding positions elected or approved by the National Assembly in accordance with the National Assembly’s regulations on taking of unscheduled votes of confidence.

Chapter III

OVERSIGHT BY PEOPLE’S COUNCILS

Section 1

OVERSIGHT BY PEOPLE’S COUNCILS AT SESSIONS

Article 27. Oversight competence of People’s Councils

1. Provincial-level People’s Councils may oversee activities of Standing Bodies and Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils, provincial-level People’s Committees, People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised, People’s Courts, People’s Procuracies, civil judgment enforcement agencies and other local agencies in complying with the Constitution and laws and in implementing resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils; and oversee legal documents specified in Clauses 11, 12 and 14, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents and legal documents of People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised.

In case of necessity to meet practical requirements, provincial-level People’s Councils may conduct oversight over activities of other agencies, organisations and individuals at the commune level in complying with the Constitution and laws.

2. Commune-level People’s Councils may oversee activities of Standing Bodies and Committees of commune-level People’s Councils, commune-level People’s Committees and other local agencies in complying with the Constitution and laws and in implementing resolutions of commune-level People’s Councils; and oversee legal documents specified in Clause 15, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents.

Article 28. Oversight activities of People’s Councils

1. Provincial-level People’s Councils shall conduct the following oversight activities:

a/ To consider work reports of Standing Bodies and Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils, provincial-level People’s Committees, People’s Courts, People’s Procuracies and civil judgment enforcement agencies, and People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised, and other reports as prescribed by law, resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils or at the proposal of Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils;

b/ To consider legal documents specified in Clauses 11, 12 and 14, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents and legal documents of People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised that show signs of contravention of the Constitution, legal documents of superior state agencies or resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils at the proposal of Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils;

c/ To consider answers to interpellations by persons subject to interpellation specified in Point a, Clause 1, Article 36 of this Law;

d/ To establish oversight delegations to conduct thematic oversight and consider reports on oversight results of such oversight delegations;

dd/ To consider reports on oversight results of Standing Bodies and Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils regarding themes assigned by People’s Councils; to consider reports on other thematic oversight results at the proposal of Standing Bodies and Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils when deeming it necessary;

e/ To consider implementation of oversight resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils;

g/ To consider reports of Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils on oversight recommendations of Standing Bodies, Committees and deputies of provincial-level People’s Councils.

2. Commune-level People’s Councils shall conduct the following oversight activities:

a/ To consider work reports of Standing Bodies and Committees of commune-level People’s Councils and commune-level People’s Committees and other reports as prescribed by law, resolutions of commune-level People’s Councils or at the proposal of Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils;

b/ To consider legal documents specified in Clause 15, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents showing signs of contravention of the Constitution, legal documents of superior state agencies or resolutions of commune-level People’s Councils at the proposal of Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils;

c/ To consider answers to interpellations by persons subject to interpellation specified in Point a, Clause 2, Article 36 of this Law;

d/ To establish oversight delegations to conduct thematic oversight and consider reports on oversight results of such oversight delegations;

dd/ To consider reports on oversight results of Standing Bodies and Committees of commune-level People’s Councils regarding themes assigned by People’s Councils; to consider reports on other thematic oversight results at the proposal of Standing Bodies and Committees of commune-level People’s Councils when deeming it necessary;

e/ To consider implementation of oversight resolutions of commune-level People’s Councils;

g/ To consider reports of Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils on oversight recommendations of Standing Bodies, Committees and deputies of commune-level People’s Councils.

3. People’s Councils shall take scheduled votes of confidence and unscheduled votes of confidence for persons holding positions elected by People’s Councils in accordance with the National Assembly’s regulations on taking of regular votes of confidence and unscheduled votes of confidence.

4. People’s Councils shall decide on their annual oversight programmes on the basis of proposals of Standing Bodies of People’s Councils; assign Standing Bodies of People’s Councils to adopt plans and organise implementation of oversight programmes; and assign Standing Bodies of People’s Councils, Committees of People’s Councils and Groups of People’s Council deputies to organise implementation of certain contents of oversight programmes and report on results to People’s Councils. In case of necessity to meet practical requirements, during periods when People’s Councils are in recess, Standing Bodies of People’s Councils may decide on adjustments to oversight programmes of People’s Councils and report thereon to People’s Councils at the nearest session.

Article 29. Competence of People’s Councils in considering oversight results

1. Provincial-level People’s Councils may terminate the implementation, or annul part or the whole, of legal documents specified in Clauses 11 and 12, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents; annul part or the whole of legal documents specified in Clause 14, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents; and request chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees to terminate the implementation, or annul part or the whole, of legal documents of People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised that contravene the Constitution, legal documents of superior state agencies or resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils.

Commune-level People’s Councils may terminate the implementation, or annul part or the whole, of legal documents prescribed in Clause 15, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents that contravene the Constitution, legal documents of superior state agencies or resolutions of commune-level People’s Councils.

2. Provincial-level People’s Councils may relieve form duty or remove from office Chairpersons, Vice Chairpersons, and Heads of Committees of provincial-level  People’s Councils, and Chairpersons, Vice Chairpersons and members of provincial-level People’s Committees; relieve from duty or remove from office People’s Assessors in accordance with law; and request competent agencies or persons to handle, in accordance with law, Chairpersons and Vice Chairpersons of People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised and relevant persons.

Commune-level People’s Councils may relieve from duty or remove from office Chairpersons, Vice Chairpersons and Heads of Committees of commune-level People’s Councils, and Chairpersons, Vice Chairpersons and members of commune-level People’s Committees.

3. Provincial-level People’s Councils may dissolve commune-level People’s Councils in case the latter cause serious harm to the interests of the people and submit such dissolution to the National Assembly Standing Committee for approval.

4. To recommend competent central agencies, organisations and persons to consider amending, supplementing, replacing, suspending the effect of, terminating the implementation of, or annulling part or the whole of, legal documents that contravene the Constitution or legal documents of superior state agencies; to settle matters falling within their competence related to implementation of guidelines, policies and laws in localities. The competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations.

To recommend competent central agencies, organisations and persons to promulgate documents detailing laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

Provincial-level People’s Councils shall send recommendations to competent central agencies, organisations and persons, and concurrently to the Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly according to the sectors under their responsibility, for coordination in monitoring, urging and overseeing settlement by competent agencies, organisations and persons. Commune-level People’s Councils shall send recommendations to Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils for consideration and summarisation for submission of recommendations to competent central agencies, organisations and persons.

5. To take unscheduled votes of confidence for persons holding positions elected by People’s Councils in accordance with the National Assembly’s regulations on taking of unscheduled votes of confidence.

6. To decide on other matters falling within the competence of People’s Councils.

Section 2

OVERSIGHT BY STANDING BODIES OF PEOPLE’S COUNCILS

Article 30. Oversight competence of Standing Bodies of People’s Councils

1. Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils may oversee activities of provincial-level People’s Committees and agencies under provincial-level People’s Committees, People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised, People’s Courts, People’s Procuracies, civil judgment enforcement agencies and other local agencies, and commune-level People’s Councils in complying with the Constitution and laws and in implementing resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils; oversee legal documents specified in Clauses 11, 12 and 14, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents and legal documents of People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised; and assist provincial-level People’s Councils in organising oversight activities when assigned by provincial-level People’s Councils.

In case of necessity to meet practical requirements, Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils may conduct oversight over activities of other agencies, organisations and individuals at the commune level in complying with the Constitution and laws.

2. Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils may oversee activities of commune-level People’s Committees, agencies under commune-level People’s Committees and other local agencies in complying with the Constitution and laws and in implementing resolutions of commune-level People’s Councils; oversee legal documents specified in Clause 15, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents; and assist commune-level People’s Councils in organising oversight activities when assigned by commune-level People’s Councils.

Article 31. Oversight activities of Standing Bodies of People’s Councils

1. Standing Bodies of People’s Councils shall conduct the following oversight activities:

a/ To establish oversight delegations to conduct thematic oversight and consider reports on oversight results of such oversight delegations;

b/ To consider reports on oversight results of Committees of People’s Councils regarding themes assigned by Standing Bodies of People’s Councils; to consider reports on other thematic oversight results at the proposal of Committees of People’s Councils when deeming it necessary;

c/ To oversee settlement of complaints, denunciations, petitions and reflections of agencies, organisations and individuals;

d/ To oversee settlement of and replies to voters’ petitions.

2. Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils shall conduct the activities specified in Clause 1 of this Article and the following oversight activities:

a/ To consider work reports of provincial-level People’s Committees, People’s Courts, People’s Procuracies and civil judgment enforcement agencies, and People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised, and other reports as prescribed by law or resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils during the interval between two sessions of provincial-level People’s Councils as assigned by provincial-level People’s Councils;

b/ To consider legal documents specified in Clauses 11, 12 and 14, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents and legal documents of People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised that show signs of contravention of the Constitution, legal documents of superior state agencies or resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils, when detected by themselves or at the proposal of the same-level People’s Committees or Vietnam Fatherland Front Committees or National Assembly deputies, or recommendations of Committees of the same-level People’s Councils or People’s Council deputies;

c/ To consider answers to interpellations by persons subject to interpellation specified in Point a, Clause 1, Article 36 of this Law;

d/ To organise explanation activities at meetings of Standing Bodies of People’s Councils to request members of People’s Committees, Chief Justices of People’s Courts, Procurator Generals of People’s Procuracies, and Heads of civil judgment enforcement agencies of the provincial level, Chief Justices of regional People’s Courts, Procurator Generals of regional People’s Procuracies, Chairpersons of People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised to provide explanations, and relevant individuals to participate in explanations, on matters of concern to Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils.

3. Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils shall conduct the activities specified in Clause 1 of this Article and the following oversight activities:

a/ To consider work reports of commune-level People’s Committees and other reports as prescribed by law or resolutions of commune-level People’s Councils during the interval between two sessions of commune-level People’s Councils as assigned by commune-level People’s Councils;

b/ To consider legal documents specified in Clause 15, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents showing signs of contravention of the Constitution, legal documents of superior state agencies or resolutions of commune-level People’s Councils, when detected by themselves or at the proposal of the same-level People’s Committees or Vietnam Fatherland Front Committees or National Assembly deputies, or recommendations of Committees of the same-level People’s Councils or People’s Council deputies;

c/ To consider answers to interpellations by persons subject to interpellation specified in Point a, Clause 2, Article 36 of this Law;

d/ To organise explanation activities at meetings of Standing Bodies of People’s Councils to request members of commune-level People’s Committees to provide explanations, and relevant individuals to participate in explanations, on matters of concern to Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils.

4. Standing Bodies of People’s Councils shall decide on, and organise implementation of, their annual oversight programmes; assign Committees of People’s Councils and Groups of People’s Council deputies to organise implementation of certain contents of the oversight programmes and report on results to Standing Bodies of People’s Councils; and, in case of necessity to meet practical requirements, decide on adjustments to oversight programmes.

Article 32. Competence of Standing Bodies of People’s Councils in considering oversight results

1. To recommend competent local agencies or persons to amend, supplement, replace, suspend the effect of, terminate the implementation of, or annul part or the whole of, legal documents that contravene the Constitution, legal documents of superior state agencies or resolutions of the same-level People’s Councils. The competent agencies or persons shall consider and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations.

2. To recommend competent local agencies, organisations and persons to settle matters related to implementation of guidelines, policies and laws. The competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 15 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations; in case of force majeure events or in case there are many complicated contents, such time limit may be longer but must not exceed 30 days.

3. Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils shall recommend provincial-level People’s Councils to relieve from duty or remove from office Chairpersons and Vice Chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Councils, Heads of Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils, Chairpersons, Vice Chairpersons and members of provincial-level People’s Committees; recommend People’s Councils to relieve from duty or remove from office People’s Assessors in accordance with law; and request competent agencies or persons to handle, in accordance with law, Chairpersons and Vice Chairpersons of People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organized, and relevant persons.

Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils shall recommend commune-level People’s Councils to relieve from duty or remove from office Chairpersons and Vice Chairpersons of commune-level People’s Councils, Heads of Committees of commune-level People’s Councils, and Chairpersons, Vice Chairpersons and members of commune-level People’s Committees.

4. Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils shall recommend provincial-level People’s Councils to dissolve commune-level People’s Councils in case such People’s Councils cause serious harm to the interests of the people.

5. To recommend competent central agencies, organisations and persons to amend, supplement, replace, suspend the effect of, suspend the implementation of, or annul part or the whole of, legal documents that contravene the Constitution or legal documents of superior state agencies; to settle matters falling within their competence related to implementation of guidelines, policies and laws in localities. The competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations.

To recommend competent central agencies, organisations and persons to promulgate documents detailing laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils shall consider and summarise their own recommendations, recommendations of Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils and provincial-level People’s Council deputies, and recommendations of commune-level People’s Councils, Standing Bodies and Committees and deputies of commune-level People’s Councils, for submission to competent central agencies, organisations and persons, and concurrently to provincial-level People’s Councils for reporting and to the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly according to the sectors under their responsibility for coordination in monitoring, urging and overseeing settlement by competent agencies, organisations and persons. Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils shall consider and summarise their own recommendations and recommendations of Committees and deputies of commune-level People’s Councils for submission to commune-level People’s Councils for reporting and to Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils.

6. To decide on other matters falling within the competence of Standing Bodies of People’s Councils.

Section 3

OVERSIGHT BY COMMITTEES OF PEOPLE’S COUNCILS

Article 33. Oversight competence of Committees of People’s Councils

1. Within the ambit of their tasks and powers, Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils may oversee activities of provincial-level People’s Committees and agencies under provincial-level People’s Committees, People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised, People’s Courts, People’s Procuracies, civil judgment enforcement agencies and other local agencies in complying with the Constitution and laws and in implementing resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils; oversee legal documents specified in Clauses 11, 12 and 14, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents and legal documents of People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised; and assist provincial-level People’s Councils and Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils in organising oversight activities when assigned by provincial-level People’s Councils or Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils.

In case of necessity to meet practical requirements, Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils may conduct oversight over activities of commune-level agencies, organisations and individuals in complying with the Constitution and laws.

2. Within the ambit of their tasks and powers, Committees of commune-level People’s Councils shall oversee activities of commune-level People’s Committees, agencies under commune-level People’s Committees and other local agencies in complying with the Constitution and laws and in implementing resolutions of commune-level People’s Councils; oversee legal documents specified in Clause 15, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents; and assist commune-level People’s Councils and Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils in organising oversight activities when assigned by commune-level People’s Councils or Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils.

Article 34. Oversight activities of Committees of People’s Councils

1. Committees of People’s Councils shall conduct the following oversight activities:

a/ To establish oversight delegations to conduct thematic oversight and consider reports on oversight results of such oversight delegations;

b/ To oversee settlement of complaints, denunciations, petitions and reflections of agencies, organisations and individuals;

c/ To oversee settlement of and replies to voters’ petitions as assigned by Standing Bodies of the same-level People’s Councils.

2. Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils shall conduct the activities specified in Clause 1 of this Article and the following oversight activities:

a/ To verify work reports of provincial-level People’s Committees, People’s Courts, People’s Procuracies  and civil judgment enforcement agencies, and People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised, and other reports as prescribed by law, or resolutions of provincial-level People’s Councils falling within the sectors under the responsibility of Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils or as assigned by Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils;

b/ To oversee legal documents specified in Clauses 11, 12 and 14, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents and legal documents of People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised.

3. Committees of commune-level People’s Councils shall conduct the activities specified in Clause 1 of this Article and the following oversight activities:

a/ To verify work reports of commune-level People’s Committees and other reports as prescribed by law or resolutions of commune-level People’s Councils falling within the sectors under the responsibility of Committees of commune-level People’s Councils or as assigned by Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils;

b/ To oversee legal documents specified in Clause 15, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents.

4. Committees of People’s Councils shall decide on, and organise implementation of, their annual oversight programmes; where necessary to meet practical requirements, they may decide on adjustments to oversight programmes. Committees of People’s Councils shall report to Standing Bodies of People’s Councils on their oversight programmes.

Article 35. Competence of Committees of People’s Councils in considering oversight results

1. To recommend competent local agencies or persons to amend, supplement, replace, suspend the effect of, terminate the implementation of, or annul part or the whole of, legal documents showing signs of contravention of the Constitution, legal documents of superior state agencies or resolutions of the same-level People’s Councils. The competent agencies or persons shall consider and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations.

2. To recommend competent local agencies, organisations and persons to settle matters related to implementation of guidelines, policies and laws falling within the sectors under the responsibility of Committees of People’s Councils. The competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 15 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations; in case of force majeure events or in case there are many complicated contents, such time limit may be longer but must not exceed 30 days.

3. To recommend competent central agencies, organisations and persons to amend, supplement, replace, suspend the effect of, terminate the implementation of, or annul part or the whole of, legal documents that contravene the Constitution or legal documents of superior state agencies; to settle matters falling within their competence related to implementation of guidelines, policies and laws in localities. The competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations.

To recommend competent central agencies, organisations and persons to promulgate documents detailing laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils shall send recommendations to Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils. Committees of commune-level People’s Councils shall send recommendations to Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils for consideration and summarisation for submission to Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils.

4. To decide on other matters falling within the competence of Committees of People’s Councils.

Section 4

OVERSIGHT BY PEOPLE’S COUNCIL DEPUTIES AND GROUPS OF PEOPLE’S COUNCIL DEPUTIES

Article 36. Oversight competence and activities of People’s Council deputies

1. Provincial-level People’s Council deputies have the competence to conduct, and shall conduct, the following oversight activities:

a/ To interpellate Chairpersons and other members of provincial-level People’s Committees, Heads of agencies under provincial-level People’s Committees, Chief Justices of provincial-level People’s Courts and Procurator Generals of provincial-level People’s Procuracies;

b/ To oversee legal documents specified in Clauses 11, 12 and 14, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents and legal documents of People’s Committees of special zones where no local administration level is organised;

c/ To oversee law implementation in localities;

d/ To oversee settlement of complaints, denunciations, petitions and reflections of agencies, organisations and individuals falling within the competence of local agencies, organisations and individuals;

dd/ To participate in oversight activities of provincial-level People’s Councils, Standing Bodies and Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils, Groups of provincial-level People’s Council deputies and local National Assembly deputies’ delegations upon request or proposal.

2. Commune-level People’s Council deputies have the competence to conduct, and shall conduct, the following oversight activities:

a/ To interpellate Chairpersons and other members of commune-level People’s Committees and heads of agencies under commune-level People’s Committees;

b/ To oversee legal documents specified in Clause 15, Article 4 of the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents;

c/ To oversee law implementation in localities;

d/ To oversee settlement of complaints, denunciations, petitions and reflections of agencies, organisations and individuals falling within the competence of local agencies, organisations and individuals;

dd/ To participate in oversight activities of commune-level People’s Councils, Standing Bodies and Committees of commune-level People’s Councils and Groups of commune-level People’s Council deputies upon request or proposal.

3. People’s Council deputies shall decide on, and organise implementation of, their oversight programmes (if any); in case of necessity to meet practical requirements, they may decide on adjustments to such oversight programmes. People’s Council deputies shall report to Standing Bodies of People’s Councils, through Groups of People’s Council deputies, on their oversight programmes (if any).

Standing Bodies of People’s Councils shall make arrangements for People’s Council deputies to conduct oversight.

Article 37. Oversight activities of Groups of People’s Council deputies

Groups of People’s Council deputies shall oversee law implementation in localities when assigned by the same-level People’s Councils or Standing Bodies of the same-level People’s Councils; and shall report oversight results to People’s Councils or Standing Bodies of People’s Councils for consideration and decision.

Article 38. Competence of People’s Council deputies in considering oversight results

1. To recommend competent local agencies or persons to amend, supplement, replace, suspend the effect of, terminate the implementation of, or annul part or the whole of, legal documents showing signs of contravention of the Constitution, legal documents of superior state agencies or resolutions of the same-level People’s Councils. The competent agencies or persons shall consider and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations.

2. To recommend competent local agencies, organisations and persons to consider and settle matters related to implementation of guidelines, policies and laws. The competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 15 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations; in case of force majeure events or in case there are many complicated contents, such time limit may be longer but must not exceed 30 days.

3. To recommend Standing Bodies of People’s Councils to consider submitting to People’s Councils the taking of unscheduled votes of confidence for persons holding positions elected by People’s Councils in accordance with the National Assembly’s regulations on taking of unscheduled votes of confidence.

4. To recommend competent central agencies, organisations and persons to amend, supplement, replace, suspend the effect of, terminate the implementation of, or annul part or the whole of, legal documents that contravene the Constitution or legal documents of superior state agencies; to settle matters falling within their competence related to implementation of guidelines, policies and laws in localities. The competent agencies, organisations and persons shall consider and respond within 30 days from the date of receipt of such recommendations.

To recommend competent central agencies, organisations and persons to promulgate documents detailing laws and resolutions of the National Assembly, and ordinances and resolutions of the National Assembly Standing Committee.

Provincial-level People’s Council deputies shall send recommendations to Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils. Commune-level People’s Council deputies shall send recommendations to Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils for consideration and summarisation for submission to Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils.

Chapter IV

ASSURANCE OF OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES

Article 39. Direction, regulation and coordination of oversight activities

1. Competence of the National Assembly Standing Committee in directing, regulating and coordinating oversight activities:

a/ To adjust expected supreme oversight activities at sessions of the National Assembly during the year, and report to the National Assembly for consideration and decision when formulating specific oversight programmes at each session; to proactively adjust oversight activities of the National Assembly Standing Committee during the year;

b/ To assign the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly to verify reports; to assign the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly and National Assembly deputies’ delegations to perform certain contents of oversight programmes of the National Assembly and the National Assembly Standing Committee;

c/ To request the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly and National Assembly deputies’ delegations to adjust programmes and plans and coordinate in conducting oversight activities in order to avoid overlaps and ensure oversight effectiveness.

2. Competence of Standing Bodies of People’s Councils in directing, regulating and coordinating oversight activities:

a/ To adjust expected oversight activities at sessions of People’s Councils during the year, and report to People’s Councils for consideration and decision when formulating specific oversight programmes at each session; to proactively adjust oversight activities of Standing Bodies of People’s Councils during the year;

b/ To assign Committees of People’s Councils to verify reports; to assign Committees of People’s Councils and Groups of People’s Council deputies to perform certain contents of oversight programmes of People’s Councils and Standing Bodies of People’s Councils;

c/ Standing Bodies of provincial-level People’s Councils shall request Committees of provincial-level People’s Councils, Groups of provincial-level People’s Council deputies and Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils to adjust programmes and plans and coordinate in conducting oversight activities in order to avoid overlaps and ensure oversight effectiveness.

Standing Bodies of commune-level People’s Councils shall request Committees of commune-level People’s Councils and Groups of commune-level People’s Council deputies to adjust programmes and plans and coordinate in conducting oversight activities in order to avoid overlaps and ensure oversight effectiveness.

Article 40. Assurance of implementation of oversight resolutions, conclusions and recommendations

1. Oversight resolutions of the National Assembly, the National Assembly Standing Committee and People’s Councils have binding legal effect.

Oversight conclusions and recommendations of the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly, National Assembly deputies’ delegations, National Assembly deputies, Standing Bodies of People’s Councils, Committees of People’s Councils and People’s Council deputies shall be strictly implemented by agencies, organisations and individuals subject to oversight and relevant agencies, organisations and individuals.

2. In case agencies, organisations or individuals subject to oversight disagree with oversight conclusions or recommendations, they may request oversight bodies to reconsider oversight conclusions or recommendations related to their activities. Within 15 days from the date of receipt of such request, oversight bodies shall consider and respond; in case of force majeure events or in case there are many complicated contents, such time limit may be longer but must not exceed 30 days. In case agencies, organisations or individuals subject to oversight disagree with the response of oversight bodies, they may by themselves, or may report to heads of competent agencies or organisations to, propose the National Assembly, the National Assembly Standing Committee or People’s Councils to consider such oversight conclusions or recommendations.

3. The National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly, National Assembly deputies’ delegations, National Assembly deputies, Standing Bodies of People’s Councils, Committees of People’s Councils and People’s Council deputies shall regularly monitor, urge and examine implementation of oversight resolutions, conclusions and recommendations; in case agencies, organisations or individuals subject to oversight fail to implement, or improperly implement, oversight resolutions, conclusions or recommendations, they shall request such agencies, organisations or individuals to report and explain. Agencies, organisations or individuals shall provide explanations within 15 days from the date of receipt of the request; in case of force majeure events or in case there are many complicated contents, such time limit may be longer but must not exceed 30 days. When such time limit expires without any response, or in case the explanation of the agency, organisation or individual subject to oversight is disagreed with, they shall decide on handling of the matter within their competence or recommend competent agencies, organisations or persons to handle the matter in accordance with this Law and other relevant laws.

Article 41. Assurance of physical facilities and funding for oversight activities

1. Funding for oversight activities of the National Assembly and People’s Councils shall be covered by the state budget in accordance with the law on the state budget.

2. The State shall ensure resources for investment in physical facilities, modernisation of technical infrastructure, working equipment, databases on oversight activities, and application of technology and digital transformation serving oversight activities of the National Assembly and People’s Councils in accordance with the law on the state budget, the law on public investment, and other relevant laws.

Article 42. Assurance of human resources for oversight activities

1. Within the ambit of their tasks and powers, the Office of the National Assembly, specialised departments of the Ethnic Council and Committees of the National Assembly, Offices of National Assembly deputies’ delegations and People’s Councils of the provincial level, and Offices of commune-level People’s Councils and People’s Committees shall organise serving of oversight activities of the National Assembly and People’s Councils.

2. Within the ambit of their tasks and powers, relevant agencies, organisations and individuals shall satisfy requirements for serving oversight activities and create favourable conditions for oversight activities of the National Assembly and People’s Councils.

3. The State shall adopt mechanisms and policies to mobilise experts to participate in oversight activities of the National Assembly and People’s Councils; to train, further train and improve oversight capacity and skills of National Assembly deputies and People’s Council deputies; and to train, further train and improve professional qualifications and skills of cadres and civil servants advising on and serving oversight activities.

Article 43. Application of technology and digital transformation in oversight activities

1. The National Assembly, the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Ethnic Council, Committees of the National Assembly, National Assembly deputies’ delegations, National Assembly deputies, People’s Councils, Standing Bodies of People’s Councils, Committees of People’s Councils, Groups of People’s Council deputies and People’s Council deputies shall apply technology and promote digital transformation in oversight activities; and ensure interconnection and sharing of oversight data among oversight bodies and relevant agencies, organisations and individuals.

2. Within the ambit of their tasks and powers, inspection bodies, audit bodies and other competent agencies, organisations and persons shall enhance application of technology and promote digital transformation to share common data, creating favourable conditions for oversight bodies to access information and documents on inspection and audit activities and other relevant information to serve oversight activities.

Chapter V

IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS

Article 44. Effect

1. This Law takes effect on March 1, 2026.

2. Law No. 87/2015/QH13 on Oversight Activities of the National Assembly and People’s Councils ceases to be effective on the effective date of this Law, except Clause 2, Article 45 of this Law.

3. The National Assembly Standing Committee shall detail and guide the implementation of Articles 9, 12, 14, 17, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41 and 42 of this Law.

Article 45. Transitional provisions

1. Oversight activities decided before the effective date of this Law but implemented on or after March 1, 2026, must comply with this Law.

2. Oversight activities being implemented before the effective date of this Law must continue to comply with Law No. 87/2015/QH13.

This Law was passed on December 10, 2025, by the 15^th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 10^th session.

Chairman of the National Assembly
TRAN THANH MAN