Resolution 66-NQ/TW 2025 on innovating law-making and law enforcement to meet the requirements of national development in the new era

RESOLUTION

OF THE POLITICAL BUREAU
on innovating law-making and law enforcement to meet the requirements of national development in the new era

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Over the past years, our Party and State have introduced numerous guidelines and policies to innovate and enhance the effectiveness of law-making and law-enforcement, achieving many important results. Theoretical thinking and perception of the Socialist rule-of-law State have been continuously improved. Our country has established a legal system that is relatively synchronous, public, transparent, and accessible, basically regulating all areas of social life; thereby creating a legal foundation for socio-economic development, ensuring national defense and security, and international integration. However, law-making and law-enforcement still face many limitations and inadequacies. Several Party guidelines and orientations have not been institutionalized in a timely and complete manner. The mindset of law-making in certain fields remains management-oriented. The quality of legislation has not kept pace with practical requirements. There remain overlapping, contradictory, and unclear regulations which obstruct implementation and fail to facilitate the promotion of innovation or the attraction and unblocking of investment resources. Decentralization and delegation of power are not yet sufficiently robust; administrative procedures remain cumbersome. The organization of law enforcement remains a weak link; there is a lack of timely and effective policy response mechanisms. Research and the issuance of policies and laws to regulate new issues are delayed, failing to create a favorable legal framework to promote new growth drivers.

Against the backdrop of epochal changes in the world, in order for the country to step firmly into a new era - the era of the nation’s breakthrough development and rise towards prosperity and strength under the leadership of the Party; alongside the revolution to streamline the organizational apparatus and the striving for "double-digit" economic growth, law-making and law-enforcement must be fundamentally innovated to create a powerful impetus for the rapid and sustainable development of the country. From the above situation, the Political Bureau requires the thorough grasp and effective implementation of the following contents:

I- GUIDING PERSPECTIVES

1. To ensure the comprehensive and direct leadership of the Party in law-making, and to strengthen the leadership of the Party over law-enforcement. To strengthen the control of power; to prevent and combat corruption, waste, negative practices, group interests, and local interests; and to prevent and deter all manifestations of profiteering or policy manipulation. To promote the role of social supervision and criticism of the Vietnam Fatherland Front, and the extensive and substantive participation of people, organizations, and enterprises in law-making and law enforcement.

2. Law-making and law-enforcement shall be the “breakthrough of breakthroughs” in improving the institutions for national development in the new era; and a central task in the process of building and improving the Socialist rule-of-law State of Vietnam of the people, by the people, and for the people, under the leadership of the Party.

3. Law-making must closely follow practice, “standing on the practical ground of Vietnam”, selectively absorbing the quintessential values of mankind, ensuring systematicity, seizing all opportunities, opening the way, and unblocking all resources. This aims to transform institutions and laws into a competitive advantage, a solid foundation, and a powerful impetus for development, creating room to promote “double-digit” economic growth, improving the people's lives, and ensuring national defense, security, and the foreign affairs of the country.

4. To enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement, focusing on building a culture of law compliance and ensuring the supremacy of the Constitution and the law; and to closely link law-making with law enforcement.

5. Investment in policy-making and law-making is investment for development. The State shall guarantee and prioritize resources to invest in facilities, modernize technical infrastructure, promote digital transformation, and establish specific and exceptional regimes and policies for strategic research, policy-making, law-making, and the contingent of officials performing these tasks.

II- OBJECTIVES

1. By 2030

Vietnam shall possess a legal system that is democratic, fair, synchronous, unified, public, transparent, and feasible, accompanied by a strict and consistent implementation mechanism. This system shall ensure a legal basis for the normal, continuous, and seamless operation of agencies following organizational restructuring; resolve obstacles arising from practice; pave the way for enabling development; and mobilize all citizens and enterprises to participate in socio-economic development. The goal is that by 2030, Vietnam shall be a developing country with modern industry and high-middle income.

In 2025: to basically complete the resolution of "bottlenecks" caused by legal regulations. In 2027: to complete the amendment, supplementation, and issuance of new legal documents to ensure a synchronous legal basis for the operation of the State apparatus according to the three-level government model. In 2028: to improve the legal system on investment and business, contributing to placing Vietnam’s investment environment among the top three leading ASEAN countries.

2. Vision to 2045

Vietnam shall possess a high-quality, modern legal system that approaches advanced international standards and practices while remaining suitable for the country's practical conditions. This system shall be implemented strictly and consistently, effectively respecting, ensuring, and protecting human rights and citizens' rights. The supremacy of the Constitution and the law shall become the standard of conduct for all subjects in society. Vietnam shall achieve modern national governance with a streamlined, efficient, and effective State apparatus, meeting the requirements for rapid and sustainable national development to become a developed, high-income country with a socialist orientation by 2045.

III- TASKS AND SOLUTIONS

1. Ensuring the comprehensive and direct leadership of the Party in law-making, and to highly promote Party spirit in law-making and law-enforcement

- Party committees at all levels shall comprehensively and directly lead the institutionalization of the Party's guidelines and lines into laws, and strengthen the inspection and supervision of this work. Each official and Party member shall be exemplary and take the lead in observing and complying with the law, and disseminate the spirit of the supremacy of the Constitution and the law.

- To define the building and improving of institutions and laws, and the inspection and supervision of the organization of law enforcement as a central, cross-cutting, and regular task of central ministries and sectors. To strictly enforce order and discipline, and regulations on power control, the prevention and combat of corruption, waste, negative practices, and "group interests" in law-making and law enforcement. Heads of ministries and ministerial-level agencies shall directly lead and direct law-making work, and bear primary responsibility for the quality of policies and laws within their respective spheres of management; this shall be linked to the evaluation, commendation, and deployment of officials, along with sanctions and handling measures for those who fail to fully perform their leadership and direction responsibilities in law-making.

- Ministries, ministerial-level agencies, and agencies of the National Assembly shall include at least one leader with legal expertise in their structure. Local Party committees shall focus on assigning Party committee members to be in charge of judicial work and including Directors of Departments of Justice to join Provincial Party Committees; there shall be mechanisms for the mobilization and rotation of cadres and civil servants of the Ministry and the Justice sector to local areas and to work at central ministries and sectors to enhance their practical experience.

2. Innovating thinking and orientations for law-making towards both ensuring state management requirements and encouraging creativity, unleashing all productive forces, and unblocking all development resources

- Law-making must fully, correctly, and timely institutionalize the Party's guidelines and lines; stem from the overall interests of the country; transform institutions and laws into a competitive advantage; resolutely abandon the mindset of “prohibiting what cannot be managed”; promote democracy, effectively respect, guarantee, and protect human rights and citizens’ rights; and ensure a balance and reasonableness between the extent of rights restriction and the legitimate interests achieved. Legal provisions must be stable, simple, and easy to implement, with people and enterprises at the center. To duly promote the role of social ethics, professional ethical codes, and community self-governance rules in regulating social relations.

- To attach importance to and proactively conduct strategic and policy research early on, from practice, and from international experience, contributing to enhancing forecasting capacity and improving the quality of law-making. To ensure that the process of building and promulgating normative legal documents is democratic, professional, scientific, timely, feasible, and effective; clearly distinguish between the policy-making process and the document-drafting process; and step-by-step implement the centralized and professional drafting of normative legal documents. Activities such as summary reviews, practical surveying, researching international experience, policy impact assessment, and policy selection must be carried out thoroughly, substantively, and scientifically. To intensify policy communication, especially policies with great impact on society, people, and enterprises. To seriously implement the mechanism for absorbing and explaining feedback from impacted subjects; do not shift difficulties onto people and enterprises in policy design and law-making. Besides certain codes and laws regulating human rights, citizens’ rights, and judicial proceedings which need to be specific, basically, other laws - especially those regulating enabling development - shall only provide framework provisions and matters of principle within the jurisdiction of the National Assembly. Meanwhile, issues that are frequently fluctuating in practice shall be assigned to the Government, ministerial-level agencies, and localities for regulation to ensure flexibility and suitability for practice.

- To build and improve laws on the socialist-oriented market economy towards creating a favorable, open, transparent, and safe legal environment with low compliance costs; thoroughly cut and simplify unreasonable investment, business, and professional conditions as well as administrative procedures; promote innovative entrepreneurship and improve a stable investment and business environment. To substantively guarantee the freedom of business, property ownership rights, and freedom of contract, as well as equality among enterprises of all economic sectors; the private sector is a most important driver of the national economy. To create a legal basis for the private sector to effectively access resources such as capital, land, and high-quality human resources; promote the formation and development of regional and global-scale private economic corporations; and provide substantive and effective support for small and medium-sized enterprises. To focus on building laws on science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation, creating a legal corridor for new and non-traditional issues (artificial intelligence, digital transformation, green transition, data resource exploitation, encrypted assets, etc.) to form new growth drivers and promote the development of new productive forces and new industries. To build breakthrough, outstanding, and competitive mechanisms and policies for international financial centers, free trade zones, and key economic regions.

To urgently amend and supplement legal documents to meet the requirements of streamlining the organizational apparatus of the political system and arranging administrative units, associated with maximum decentralization and delegation of power under the motto “localities decide, localities implement, and localities are held accountable” and the restructuring of new development spaces in each locality.

To build and improve laws on the organization and operation of judicial and judicial support agencies in line with the objectives and orientations of judicial reform. To strongly promote the development of the system of legal services, legal support, legal aid, and the registration of security interests so that people and enterprises can easily access the law and manage legal risks. To prioritize legal support resources for the private sector. To research the formation of a public defender system and conditional mechanisms to allow public employees to practice as lawyers; ensure the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in accordance with international standards and practices. To research the expansion of the scope and improvement of the effectiveness of summary judicial proceedings; integrate non-judicial methods with judicial proceedings; and provide solutions to encourage and develop out-of-court dispute resolution institutions such as commercial arbitration and commercial mediation.

3. Making breakthroughs in law enforcement, ensuring that the law is implemented fairly, strictly, consistently, timely, effectively, and efficiently; to closely link law-making with law enforcement

- To highly promote the spirit of serving the People, the enabling development mindset, and actions for the common interest among the contingent of officials, civil servants, and public employees; consistently implement the principle that citizens and enterprises are entitled to do what the law does not prohibit. To prioritize ensuring the effectiveness of law enforcement to promote socio-economic development, science, technology, innovation, digital transformation, and other vital livelihood sectors (food safety, environmental protection, cybersecurity, etc.). To promote the role of the Vietnam Fatherland Front, social organizations, and socio-professional organizations in supervising law enforcement.

- To focus on building a culture of law compliance, ensuring that the supremacy of the Constitution and the law becomes the standard of conduct for all subjects in society. To diversify methods of policy communication and legal dissemination and education, especially through digital technology applications; to prioritize important content to be broadcast during prime time on the national radio and television systems.

- To attach importance to law interpretation and guidance on law application to ensure the practicality of normative legal documents. To regularly conduct inspection, review, consolidation, and systematization of normative legal documents. To strengthen dialogue, receive and listen to feedback and recommendations, and timely resolve legal difficulties and obstacles faced by individuals, organizations, enterprises, and localities. To regularly evaluate the effectiveness of laws after their promulgation, intensify technology application, and build mechanisms to timely identify and handle "bottlenecks" caused by legal provisions in a comprehensive and synchronized manner.

- To uphold the prevention and warning of law violations alongside strengthening supervision, inspection, and examination to timely and strictly detect and handle law violations, especially acts of corruption, negative practices, abuse of power, and lack of responsibility; concurrently, contribute to overcoming the malady of shifting and shirking responsibility. To strictly prohibit taking advantage of the fight against corruption, waste, and negative practices for self-interest or to interfere with and obstruct the normal activities of agencies, organizations, and individuals. There shall be no "criminalization" of economic, administrative, and civil relations; administrative measures shall not be used to interfere in or resolve civil and economic disputes.

4. Enhancing the effectiveness of international cooperation and international law

- To improve mechanisms and enhancing the capacity of Vietnamese agencies and organizations to ensure full compliance with international legal obligations and contribute to shaping the international legal order; actively participate in the building of international institutions and law: to effectively and flexibly leverage the advantages from commitments in international treaties to which Vietnam is a party. To effectively handle arising international legal issues, especially international investment and trade disputes, to timely protect national and ethnic interests, as well as the legitimate rights and interests of individuals, organizations, enterprises, and Vietnamese state agencies.

- To implement special mechanisms to attract, recruit, train, and foster high-quality human resources with practical experience in international law, international legal cooperation, and international dispute resolution; to develop a strategy to increase the presence of Vietnamese experts in international legal organizations and international judicial bodies.

- To expand international cooperation in law and justice; to build and develop a network of foreign legal experts, including overseas Vietnamese, to support research and consultancy on emerging issues in socio-economic development, science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation.

5. Building breakthrough solutions to enhance the quality of legal human resources

- To implement specific and exceptional policies, applying commensurate remuneration and service contract regimes to attract and improve the quality of human resources participating in law-making and law enforcement tasks. To establish mechanisms and policies to extend the working duration (without holding leadership positions) for certain cadres and civil servants who have reached retirement age but possess high professional qualifications and profound practical experience in law-making. To attract and recruit excellent experts, legal scientists, jurists, and lawyers into the public sector. To provide a monthly allowance equal to 100% of the current salary coefficient for those directly and regularly engaged in strategic research, policy advisory, and law-making in certain agencies and units.

- To enhance the quality of legal education and develop reputable key legal training institutions; to resolutely terminate the operations of legal training establishments that fail to meet prescribed criteria and standards. To develop programs and organize specialized training courses on law-making. To establish training standards for judicial and judicial support titles.

- To focus on investment to improve the quality of strategic and policy research institutions and legal research establishments under central agencies; including the building of a Project to elevate the strategic and policy research organization in the legal field under the Ministry of Justice to become a national key research institution and a leading policy and legal research center in the ASEAN region.

6. Intensifying digital transformation and the application of artificial intelligence and big data in law-making and law enforcement

- To prioritize resources to build and develop information technology infrastructure and big data; to apply digital technology and artificial intelligence to innovate and modernize law-making and law enforcement, ensuring that data is “accurate, complete, clean, and live,” interconnected, easy to access and use, while guaranteeing information security and state secrets. To timely and sufficiently allocate funds to immediately implement the Project on Building a National Legal Big Data System and the Project on Artificial Intelligence Application in law-making, inspection, and review of normative legal documents.

- To apply synchronous digital transformation in legal dissemination and education, legal aid, and the registration of security interests; to integrate legal dissemination and education content into the “digital learning” movement. To implement policies to encourage digital technology enterprises to develop and provide digital services and utilities in the legal field.

- To apply special mechanisms and policies to make breakthroughs in national science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation for digital transformation activities, artificial intelligence application, and big data in law-making and law enforcement.

7. Implementing special financial mechanisms for law-making and law enforcement

- To innovate the mechanism for allocating, managing, and using the budget for law-making based on the principles of timeliness, accuracy, and completeness, coupled with output-based lump-sum expenditure for each task and activity. Heads of agencies assigned with law-making tasks shall have the autonomy and be legally responsible for the allocation, management, and use of the assigned funds.

- To ensure that spending on law-making is no less than 0.5% of the total annual budget and increases gradually according to development requirements. To establish the Policy and Law-making Support Fund, guaranteed by the state budget and combined with legal socialized funding from domestic organizations and individuals, contributing to supporting and enhancing the quality of law-making; to ensure effectiveness, linked with open and transparent management, and the prevention and deterrence of all manifestations of profiteering or policy manipulation.

- To allocate appropriate and commensurate budget resources for law enforcement. To prioritize commensurate resources for legal dissemination, education, and legal aid for specific and vulnerable groups, and ethnic minorities.

V - IMPLEMENTATION

1. To establish the Central Steering Committee for Institutional and Legal Improvement, headed by the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Members shall include representatives from the leadership of the National Assembly, the Government, and relevant agencies.

2. The Party Committee of the National Assembly shall lead and direct the improvement of laws to meet the country's development requirements in the new era; and strengthen the supervision of implementation in accordance with regulations.

3. The Party Committee of the Government shall lead and direct the development of an Action Program for the implementation of this Resolution; coordinate with the Party Committee of the National Assembly to fully and timely institutionalize the guidelines and policies stated in this Resolution; direct the Ministry of Justice to build and submit to the 9th Session of the 15th National Assembly a Resolution on special mechanisms and policies to make breakthroughs in law-making and law enforcement.

4. The Vietnam Fatherland Front shall lead and direct the building of programs and plans to guide and mobilize the People to implement the Resolution; promote its role in social supervision and criticism; participate in law-making and law enforcement; and build a culture of law compliance.

5. The Central Propaganda and Mass Mobilization Commission shall preside over and coordinate with relevant agencies to guide the thorough grasp and implementation of the Resolution; and guide the strengthening of propaganda on the contents of the Resolution.

6. Provincial Party Committees and Party Committees of centrally-run cities shall build specific programs and plans to strengthen leadership and direction for law-making and law enforcement within their localities.

7. The Party Committee of the Ministry of Justice shall perform the duties of the Standing Body of the Central Steering Committee for Institutional and Legal Improvement; preside over and coordinate with the Central Internal Affairs Commission and relevant agencies to monitor, inspect, and evaluate the results of the Resolution's implementation; and report the results every six months to the Central Steering Committee and the Political Bureau.

This Resolution shall be disseminated to Party cells.