Resolution 19-NQ/TW 2026 on renewal of Vietnam’s development model

RESOLUTION

OF THE 3^rd PLENUM OF THE XIV^th CENTRAL COMMITTEE
OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY

On renewal of Vietnam’s development model

After 40 years of innovation and 35 years of implementing the Platform on National Construction in the Period of Transition toward Socialism, under the leadership of the Party, our country has achieved many great accomplishments of historic significance; its national stature, potential, position and international prestige have been continuously enhanced; it has become an upper-middle-income country; and the People’s living standards have markedly improved.

However, the renewal of the national development model remains slow; economic growth is still primarily extensive and heavily reliant on capital, natural resources and low-cost labour; labour productivity and scientific, technological and innovation capacity remain low; strategic autonomy remains limited; culture has not truly become an endogenous resource and driver of development; social welfare and human security remain unsustainable in certain respects; the effectiveness of environmental management, climate change adaptation, and natural resource management and use remains low; and national governance reform has not yet met development requirements. The world is undergoing era-defining changes that create many favourable conditions and opportunities, intertwined with numerous difficulties and challenges. Domestically, the Party has promulgated many guidelines, major policies, strategic objectives and breakthroughs, particularly the objective of striving for “double-digit” growth, requiring vigorous and comprehensive renewal of the national development model in the coming period.

In order to realize the aspiration of making Vietnam a developed, high-income country by 2045 and lay the foundation for the subsequent 100-year vision for the country’s development under the leadership of the Party (2030-2130), the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam promulgates the Resolution on renewal of the national development model with the following viewpoints, objectives, principal tasks and solutions:

I- GUIDING VIEWPOINTS

1. Renewing the development model in association with building and improving the development ecosystem is a strategic task of historic significance for the successful construction of socialism in Vietnam; remaining steadfast in, creatively applying and developing Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Thought; remaining steadfast in the goals of national independence and socialism; remaining steadfast in the Party’s innovation line; remaining steadfast in the principles of organisation and operation of the Party; ensuring the comprehensive, absolute and direct leadership of the Party and bringing into play the State’s role in facilitating development; unleashing the strength of the great national unity bloc and enhancing the role of the Vietnam Fatherland Front and socio-political organisations in supervision, social criticism and building social consensus.

2. Renewing the development model means, first and foremost, creating institutional breakthroughs and renewing the methods of national organisation, governance and operation to generate new development capacity; transitioning to a self-reliant, innovative, humane, sustainable and integrated development model; placing people at the center as the subjects, objective and driver of development; adopting the enhancement of aggregate strength, national potential, quality of life and the People’s happiness as the overarching objective; adopting science, technology, innovation, digital transformation and national artificial intelligence as the principal drivers; adopting the improvement of labour productivity and the efficiency of mobilization and allocation of national resources as the central principles; pursuing development for stability and stability for development, thereby ensuring rapid, sustainable and inclusive economic development; closely linking national construction with national defence; combining economic development with the consolidation of national defence and security and the intensification of external relations at all stages, from strategy formulation to planning and resource allocation; and ensuring that national defence, security and external relations accompany and promote development.

3. The renewed development model shall operate synchronously under the mechanism of “Party leadership, State management and People’s mastery”; based on modern national governance and a harmonious and effective relationship among the State, the market and society; and development shall be organized within an integrated, multi-layered and interconnected space to create linkages and spillover effects. Socio-economic development in association with environmental protection shall be identified as the central task; building a clean and comprehensively strong Party and political system as the key task; cultural and human development as the foundation, endogenous resource and driver, and national soft power; and strengthening national defence and security and intensifying external relations and international integration as vital and regular tasks.

4. Renewing the development model with a long-term vision and the aspiration to develop a strong, democratic, prosperous, civilized and happy country; and building a disciplined, safe, civilized, harmonious and developed society. The new development model shall maximize the exploitation and promotion of potential, advantages, traditions, identity, confidence and the strength of the great national unity bloc; awaken the will, creativity and aspiration to contribute of the Vietnamese people; effectively mobilize and use all development resources, of which internal resources are decisive and external resources are important and conducive to breakthroughs; combine national strength with the strength of the times; enhance strategic autonomy, resilience, adaptability, self-recovery capacity and risk governance; and continuously build up national capacity to ensure the country’s rapid, sustainable and enduring development.

5. Renewal of the development model shall be carried out synchronously and comprehensively and in conformity with each period; ensuring that the development pillars are organically linked into a unified whole. Institutional and national governance reform shall be adopted as the breakthrough stage; transitioning from management and control thinking to facilitating and leading development; conducting governance based on objectives and development spaces, interconnected coordination, data, policy responsiveness, and measurement by development results and impacts; and using coordination effectiveness, the quality of services provided to the People and enterprises, and problem-solving capacity as the benchmarks.

II- OBJECTIVES AND VISION

1. Objectives through 2030

Complete the foundations for the new development model in all fields in conformity with the level of development of a developing country with modern industry and upper-middle income. Create breakthroughs in building and improving institutions and implementing modern national governance; and in science, technology, innovation, strategic infrastructure, national knowledge capacity infrastructure, high-quality human resources and leading enterprises; and successfully implement the Resolution of the 14^th National Party Congress.

2. Objectives through 2035

Basically complete the transition to a self-reliant, innovative, humane, sustainable and integrated National Development Model; synchronously establish component models in all fields, specifically:

(1) A highly efficient, innovative, green, autonomous, inclusive and integrated economic model; vigorously shift from growth based primarily on capital, labour, natural resources and processing to growth based on science, technology, innovation, digital transformation and high labour productivity; and develop a fully-fledged, synchronous, modern and integrated socialist-oriented market economy. New productive forces shall become the principal driver of growth; progressive and appropriate production relations shall be improved to unleash and effectively bring into play all development resources; Vietnamese enterprises shall grow stronger, possess technological mastery and hold important positions in modern industries, value chains and development ecosystems. The green economy, digital economy, data economy, circular economy, low-carbon economy and effective exploitation of new development spaces shall become important and distinctive structures of the economy.

(2) A modern, comprehensive, inclusive and sustainable social development model; shift from social management through traditional administrative methods and the handling of arising consequences to a harmonious and effective combination thereof with development governance and proactive social facilitation based on data, forecasting, and early and remote prevention. A disciplined, safe, civilized, harmonious and developed society; comprehensive assurance of human security; a diversified, multi-tiered, comprehensive, modern, inclusive and sustainable social welfare system operating synchronously and effectively; assurance of social progress and justice; and a flexible and modern labour market adaptable to digital transformation, green transition, population aging and changes in the employment structure.

(3) A comprehensive, modern, innovative, identity-rich and humane cultural and human development model; culture shall serve as the spiritual foundation, endogenous resource and driver, innovation capacity and soft power for rapid and sustainable development. Vietnamese people shall develop comprehensively in terms of intellect, morality and physical fitness; possess cultural fortitude, digital competence, innovation capacity, respect for the rule of law, discipline and responsibility; demonstrate compassion, national spirit, an aspiration to contribute, and the will to be self-reliant and resilient; and possess the capacity for adaptation and global integration, mastery of science and technology, and creation of a happy life and a better future. Vietnamese culture shall be preserved, promoted and vigorously disseminated in social life and the digital environment, becoming an advantage in economic, social and external-relations activities.

(4) A modern, smart, sustainable and adaptive ecological environment development model; improve the quality of the living environment and effectively control environmental pollution; use natural resources economically and efficiently; ensure socio-economic development within the environmental carrying capacity; protect, restore and develop important ecosystems; proactively prevent and combat natural disasters and epidemics and adapt to climate change, with strengthened forecasting and early warning and rapid recovery; and govern natural resources and the ecological environment based on digital platforms, interconnected data and real-time monitoring.

(5) An all-people, comprehensive, autonomous, regular, elite and modern national defence-security model. Enhance the capacity to defend the Fatherland early and from afar in both traditional domains and new domains and fields; firmly safeguard independence, sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, the socialist regime, and a peaceful, stable and safe environment for development. A strong and modern all-people national defence; the all-people national defence posture, the people’s security, and the people’s security posture associated with the people’s heart-and-mind posture shall be firmly consolidated, modernized and interconnected from the grassroots level. Enhance strategic autonomy, proactive defence capacity, and a self-reliant, resilient, dual-use and modern national defence and security industry with appropriate participation of the domestic private sector.

(6) A proactive, comprehensive, effective, distinctive and development-facilitating external relations and international integration model; proactively expand development spaces, attract resources, knowledge and advanced technologies, and enhance the country’s position, prestige, aggregate strength and soft power. Participate more deeply in global value chains, supply chains and innovation networks and play a more active role in shaping new international standards, mechanisms and cooperation frameworks.

(7) A democratic, modern, smart, transparent, effective and efficient national governance model; ensure the comprehensive leadership of the Party; synchronously improve the socialist rule-of-law State and build a streamlined, seamless, effective and efficient political system. Shift national governance from administrative management heavily reliant on ex ante inspection and control to development governance based on the rule of law, data, decentralization and delegation of powers associated with accountability, implementation discipline and control of power; enhance the capacity for strategy formulation, development coordination and risk governance, promote innovation, and effectively unleash social resources.

3. Objectives through 2045

Complete the transition to a self-reliant, innovative, humane, sustainable and integrated national development model, with component models in all fields operating synchronously, harmoniously and effectively. Vietnam shall become a developed, high-income country steadily advancing toward socialism; its economy shall develop primarily based on knowledge, science, technology, innovation, the green economy, the circular economy, strategic autonomy and extensive integration; it shall master important strategic technologies; its society shall be orderly, disciplined, safe, civilized, harmonious and developed; culture and people shall become an endogenous strength, soft power and foundation for national development; its ecological environment shall be sustainable; its national defence and security shall be modern and resilient; and its external relations and international integration shall be proactive and effective, enhancing the country’s position and prestige and making active contributions to peace, sustainable development and the common civilization of humankind.

4. Orientations through 2130

Vietnam shall become a highly developed, civilized, modern and distinctive socialist country with innovation capacity and enduring vitality; have a green and innovative economy and be a leading smart manufacturing hub in Asia; hold an important position in the global order in terms of knowledge, technology, economy, national defence and security; have a civilized, prosperous, equitable, inclusive and happy society, a rich cultural identity and comprehensively developed people; possess sufficient capacity to adapt to changes of the times; and make contributions to humankind commensurate with its capabilities.

III- PRINCIPAL TASKS AND SOLUTIONS

1. On institutions, national governance, and improvement of the political system

- Enhance the leadership capacity, governing capability, and fighting strength of the Party, focusing on leadership capacity in strategic planning, institutional building, implementation, self-rectification, and self-renewal. Party building and rectification, along with organisational and personnel work constitute the core elements of national governance. Comprehensively innovate personnel work, taking cadre evaluation as a breakthrough step with work efficiency as the primary measure; encourage and protect dynamic, creative cadres who dare to think, dare to act, and dare to take responsibility for the common good; establish an inter-linked mechanism in recruitment, attraction, and utilization of high-quality experts and human resources between the public and private sectors.

- Fundamentally innovate the drafting and implementation of Party resolutions and conclusions, ensuring consistence from policy to action and from objectives to results. Clearly define tasks, roadmaps, resources, deliverables, and responsibilities. Innovate governance mechanisms based on objectives, outputs, and development impacts; uphold the primary responsibility of heads of agencies and organisations; strengthen inspection, supervision, and control of power; resolutely prevent and combat corruption, wastefulness, negative phenomena, bureaucracy, inertia, and evasion of responsibility.

- Perfect the socialist law-governed State of the people, by the people, and for the people, led by the Communist Party of Vietnam; shift from sector- and field-based administrative management to harmonious and effective integration with ecosystem-based development governance; from control to enabling development. Transform the relationship among the State, the market, and society toward a model where the State regulates, guides, directs, creates new markets and sectors, and builds national strategic capabilities in science, technology, innovation, data, new energy, and strategic competitive fields. The market plays a decisive role in mobilizing, allocating, and efficiently utilizing resources; the society participates, supervises, provides feedback, builds consensus, and exercises the people's right to mastery. The State focuses on formulating and perfecting institutions, planning, standards, technical regulations, and managing outputs; law-making must closely mirror practical realities, "standing firmly on the practical soil of Vietnam," selectively absorbing the refined values of humanity, ensuring systematic coherence, seizing every opportunity, clearing the path, and unlocking all resources to turn institutions and laws into a competitive advantage, a solid foundation, and a powerful driving force for development, creating room to promote double-digit economic growth.

- Formulate laws that are clear, feasible, transparent, synchronous, unified, stable, easy to implement, flexible, and rapidly adaptable to new development demands, approaching advanced international standards and practices while conforming to national realities. End the mindset of "banning what cannot be managed"; shift decisively from "pre-inspection" to "smart post-inspection" and management based on results and output efficiency. Effectively guarantee and protect property rights, assets, and freedom of business. Improve the business investment environment, striving to join the leading group in ASEAN and approaching the standards of developed economies regarding business investment environment and innovation.

- Complete the normative legal document framework on controlled testing mechanisms (sandboxes) across various sectors; encourage ministries, sectors, and localities to issue appropriate sandbox mechanisms; ensure consistency in awareness and implementation of risk-tolerance mechanisms in scientific research, technology, and innovation. Promote rational decentralization and delegation of power to qualified localities; permit controlled pilot testing of new business models, new governance mechanisms, and special, superior policies. Complete the legal framework on artificial intelligence and digital technology; protect personal data and human rights in the digital environment.

- Develop digital government, shared data, and digital platforms to monitor the implementation of resolutions, strategies, planning, public investment, and development targets; focus on inspecting results, impacts, and heads' responsibilities; ensure every task has a clear assignee, clear workload, clear authority, clear resources, clear timeline, and clear deliverables. Build a national governance indicator framework according to international practices.

- Organize a streamlined, efficient, effective, and operational political system apparatus on the principle that each task is assigned to a single focal agency; complete and operate effectively the two-tier local government model; accelerate decentralization and delegation of power; build grassroots-level administrative units with sufficient capacity, authority, and resources; leverage the role of the Vietnam Fatherland Front and socio-political organisations in gathering, mobilizing, supervising, and providing social feedback; promote democracy and the people's right to mastery. Pilot, review, and replicate the socialist commune and ward model in certain localities.

2. On the economy

- Establish a new growth model driven by productivity, science, technology, innovation, digital transformation, green transition, and high-quality human resources; modernize traditional growth drivers; strongly foster new growth drivers from high-tech industries, high-value services, smart agriculture, digital economy, data economy, green economy, new economic models, and high value-added sectors.

- Reorganize the national development space toward a multi-layered, multi-polar structure, synchronously linking land - sea - maritime domains - underground space - digital space, and new development spaces; shift from administrative-boundary-based development to functional development based on potentials, advantages, resource-environmental conditions, regional linkages, and sectoral linkages; align with ensuring national strategic autonomy and enhancing the resilience of regions, growth poles, economic centers, and key supply chains.

- Develop Vietnam into a nation strong in and enriched by the sea, boasting top regional competitiveness in marine industries. Transform maritime space into a strategic development area and a long-term growth driver; formulate and execute strategies utilizing marine space, coast-bound economic corridors, and oceans as primary development axes, radiating into midland, mountainous, and border regions. Develop a modern, green, digital, autonomous, and dual-use maritime industry.

- Develop the low-altitude economy into an important, highly competitive techno-economic sector. Efficiently exploit and utilize outer space; establish a space economy ecosystem; master core technical infrastructure, satellite technology, and spatial data. Strongly develop underground space in major urban centers, growth poles, financial, commercial, and logistics centers, and public transportation hubs.

- Develop production factor markets - especially capital, land, science, technology, data, and high-quality labour - in a synchronous, modern, transparent, and interconnected direction. Fully establish property rights over research outcomes, promoting the circulation, transaction, and commercialization of technology, knowledge, and intellectual property assets; establish and develop derivative commodity trading markets.Deeply reform the financial system; raise national credit ratings and upgrade the stock market status; expand and diversify long-term capital channels for infrastructure, key projects, innovation, green transition, social housing, and tech enterprises; develop green finance, climate finance, and agricultural insurance; establish an international financial center with special, superior mechanisms to serve as a hub for mobilizing, allocating, and leading resources, piloting institutional mechanisms, fostering innovation, and connecting global finance.

- Fundamentally innovate the mechanisms for mobilizing, allocating, and utilizing national resources; shift from an allocation mindset to an enabling mindset that maximizes resource efficiency; take development efficiency and impact as measures; ensure the principle of comprehensive economic accounting in the allocation, management, and use of all social resources; implement allocation according to strategic priorities and high-productivity, high-value-added, high-spillover sectors; utilize public investment to lead and activate private investment; unblock and transform stagnant resources into development drivers. Innovate distribution relations toward efficiency, fairness, and inclusiveness.

- Rapidly develop new and modern production forces; turn science, technology, and innovation into direct productive forces and primary growth drivers. Treat data as a new production mean and strategic resource; ensure transparency and controlled management of public sector data; establish mechanisms allowing intellectual property rights to serve as capital contribution, credit guarantee, and commercial exploitation assets. Develop artificial intelligence into an intelligence infrastructure and a high-quality productive force; synchronously and effectively implement the National AI Transformation Strategy; prioritize national computing infrastructure, Vietnamese Large Language Models (LLMs), shared platforms, and digital citizen platforms.

- Formulate and execute a new-generation industrialization and modernization strategy; place emphasis on tech capability building; prioritize key sectors like semiconductors, AI, advanced materials, quantum, biotechnology, advanced processing- manufacturing, green industries, and energy industries; develop materials industry into a core, foundational sector; prioritize supporting industries linked with higher localization rates. Develop ecological, smart, high-tech, circular, high-value-added, and low-emission agriculture along value chains, tied to building civilized rural areas and professional farmers. Develop a modern, high-quality services sector, prioritizing high-value-added services linked to upgrading industry, agriculture, and urban center. Invest in and develop tourism into a spearhead economic sector; establish regionally and internationally competitive service hubs; develop the healthcare economy into an important, high-value-added sector.

- Develop an enterprise ecosystem structured in multi-tiered, mutually supportive links with tailored, targeted, and objective-driven support policies. Focus on developing leading enterprises, supply chain heads, and highly competitive industrial ecosystems coupled with enhancing the capacity, quality, and performance of Vietnamese enterprises; strengthen state ordering and task-assignment mechanisms; establish breakthrough mechanisms to promote linkages among large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), innovative startups, cooperatives, research institutes, universities, and innovation centers. Develop state-owned enterprises to truly play a leading role in ensuring macroeconomic stability, major balances, strategic direction, and leading the economy. Develop the private sector into one of the most important growth drivers; consolidate and develop the collective and cooperative economy; transform household businesses into dynamic and sustainable production and business units; selectively attract foreign direct investment (FDI) tied to technology transfer, production capacity enhancement, and integration/spillover effects with the domestic economic sector.

- Develop synchronous, modern, smart, green strategic infrastructure with multi-layered, multi-modal connectivity; prioritize high-speed transport infrastructure, seaports, airports, energy, smart cities, underground space, marine space, climate change adaptation infrastructure, and infrastructure for mountainous and extremely disadvantaged areas. Integrate physical infrastructure with digital infrastructure in transport, energy, industry, logistics, agriculture, education, healthcare, and public services. Build digital, data, computing capacity, and AI infrastructure as national strategic infrastructure; leverage the role of the National Data Center; develop large-scale data centres, high-performance computing infrastructure, shared national digital platforms, national open data, and centres of excellence in AI, semiconductors, and quantum computing. Develop a modern, multi-modal logistics system effectively connecting seaports, border gates, airports, railways, expressways, industrial zones, and economic corridors.

- Restructure the national innovation ecosystem around enterprises, with the State playing an enabling, guiding, and risk-sharing role; nurture national champion enterprises in tech fields, foundational industries, and strategic markets. Make long-term investments in basic research and key national laboratories; encourage enterprise investment in research and development (R&D), intellectual property, and core technology; support technology capacity building for SMEs and startups.

- Strongly innovate the integration of research, application, transfer, and commercialization of research outcomes; grant autonomy to research organisations while safeguarding the legitimate interests of scientists; synchronously develop testing, technology transfer, intellectual property, and financial platforms to rapidly introduce research outcomes into production and business, forming commercial products, enterprises, and new economic sectors. Synchronously institutionalize the State - Enterprise - Research Institute/University linkage mechanism.

- Accelerate urbanization and develop urban areas into major growth drivers; build growth poles, innovation hubs, and green, smart urban centres with international competitiveness; strengthen effective regional and inter-sectoral links; restructure development space alongside the formation of economic corridors, financial centres, and logistics hubs.

3. On social development

- Build a disciplined, safe, civilized, harmonious, dynamic, adaptable, and resilient society against fluctuations. Deploy modern, proactive social management methods based on data, science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation. Establish a proactive, comprehensive, inclusive, modern, and sustainable human security framework; build early detection, warning, and handling systems for risks to social stability and safety; develop conciliation, dialogue, and legal aid institutions at the grassroots level. Formulate and implement comprehensive social assessment criteria, index sets on social happiness, quality of life, social trust, and human security assurance.

- Build a modern, multi-layered, sustainable, inclusive, flexible, and highly adaptable social security system; treat social security investments as investments in development; better protect vulnerable groups; construct risk management systems and a digital map for social security. Improve mechanisms and policies and develop a social security system suitable for informal workers and platform workers and adaptable to population ageing. Narrow development gaps across regions, urban and rural areas, and lowlands and highlands; pay special attention to deep-lying, remote, mountainous, border, island, ethnic minority areas, and vulnerable groups.

- Shift the healthcare system model from disease treatment to disease prevention and comprehensive healthcare, ensuring all citizens receive managed, cared-for, and improved health services; achieve universal health insurance coverage and progressively waive hospital fees according to a roadmap; ensure self-sufficiency in vaccines, pharmaceutical supplies, and medical equipment for epidemic prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment.

- Innovate human resource development governance and modernize the labour market. Build a unified national-to-local forecasting, planning, and human resource development governance framework linked with socio-economic, sectoral, regional, and local development strategies. Modernize the labour market based on digital data and AI; complete national databases on labour, employment, and vocational skills, synchronously connecting databases; comprehensively digitize and develop public employment services into labour market coordination hubs; encourage private employment service development and public-private partnership mechanisms in service delivery; ensure equal access to sustainable employment opportunities, leaving no one behind.

4. On culture and human development

- Build an advanced Vietnamese culture rich in national identity; synchronously deploy the systems of national values, cultural values, family values, as well as human standards, and social standards from central to grassroots levels; link cultural institution building with practicing, spreading, and deeply embedding these value systems in social life; make a culture of respect for the law and social discipline core values. Harmoniously balance conservation and development; strongly develop cultural industries and the creative economy; establish mechanisms and policies to develop master artisans; boost cultural exports; assetize cultural values and build a cultural intellectual property market; construct digital culture and defend national digital cultural sovereignty.

- Build an open, interconnected, equitable, adaptable, and learner-centered education system. Innovate education and training toward pragmatic learning, career readiness, creative capacity, critical thinking, digital skills, and an entrepreneurial spirit meeting market demands. Develop higher education into the core of national intellectual capacity; build world-class research universities and centres of excellence in science and technology. Comprehensively innovate vocational education tied to enterprise needs; expand dual training, workplace training, retraining, and upskilling models; promote post-secondary vocational training models; build a vocational skill development ecosystem and a national vocational skills framework. Establish skill forecasting systems, retraining programs, career transition support, and worker protection frameworks during digital and green transitions. Innovate general education toward developing personal qualities, competencies, scientific thinking, digital skills, self-learning abilities, and adaptability. Build a learning society and lifelong learning mechanisms; accelerate digital literacy and knowledge enrichment for farmers.

- Develop high-quality human resources with an emphasis on digital skills, practical capacity, creative capacity, and lifelong learning capabilities. Formulate and implement a National Strategy on Talent Attraction and Utilization featuring special, superior, and internationally competitive mechanisms and policies, especially in basic sciences, AI, semiconductors, quantum, data science, and strategic/emerging technologies; attract overseas Vietnamese intellectuals, experts, scientists, and international talents.

- Fundamentally shift the mindset from managing population size and structure to developing national demographic capital, treating population as a strategic resource for long-term growth; improve population quality, linking population policy with human resource development, social security, and the labour market. Proactively draft strategies and population policies adaptable to population aging; strongly develop the "silver economy" along with ecosystems, products, and services for the elderly.

5. On eco-environment

Treat natural resource and environmental governance as a pillar of sustainable development linked to ensuring energy security, water security, food security, climate change adaptation, and economic resilience. Build an ecological culture and promote a green lifestyle in harmony with nature. Complete environmental protection and climate change response institutions toward an enabling framework that leads green transition, developing within ecological boundaries and environmental carrying capacities; effectively utilize economic instruments in environmental management. Achieve the net-zero emissions goal by 2050 following an appropriate roadmap; promote circular economy, low-carbon economy, and green transition across sectors, backed by support mechanisms for production regions.

- Fully develop and operate the carbon credit market; apply carbon credit pricing, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mechanisms, and green public procurement; expand green credit, green bonds, and green capital markets; perfect environmental tax/fee systems and carbon taxes according to international practices; strongly decentralize powers to major urban centres to collect environmental fees, issue green bonds, and establish low-emission zones.

- Build a modern, data-driven natural resource and environmental governance platform linked with inter-sectoral and inter-regional coordination mechanisms; strengthen management, efficient exploitation, and conservation of resources; preserve nature and biodiversity, restoring environments and ecosystems; construct ecological corridors and biodiversity protection networks; progressively integrate natural capital accounting into national statistical systems; expand automated, real-time monitoring; integrate resource-environmental protection and climate adaptation requirements into planning, budget allocation, and investment decisions.

- Proactively prevent and strictly control pollution sources; promptly resolve environmental issues to improve citizens' living environments. Proactively and effectively adapt to climate change and mitigate disaster risks; prioritize investments in climate-resilient infrastructure and urban centers. Innovate disaster/epidemic prevention and climate adaptation work, shifting from passive response to proactive risk governance, and from handling consequences to early, far-reaching prevention; boost the application of science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation.

- Develop the environmental industry into a strategic economic sector; establish controlled testing mechanisms (sandboxes) for green and climate technologies; encourage eco-industrial parks and traceable recycling systems; proactively handle natural disasters, sea-level rise, land degradation, biodiversity loss, and environmental pollution.

6. On national defence and security

- Synchronously complete national defence and security institutions and legal frameworks matching the requirements of national development model innovation, adapting to new forms of warfare and new strategic spaces. Build a strong, modern all-people national defence and an all-people defence posture linked seamlessly with the people's security posture; connect the digital defence posture and digital security posture with a firm "people's heart" posture. Build a revolutionary, regular, seasoned, and modern People's Army and People's Public Security; step up investments and prioritize modernizing naval, air, cyber, electronic warfare, unmanned, robotic, and specialized operational forces in security, intelligence, science, technology, and specialized engineering fields.

- Accelerate breakthroughs in developing a proactive, self-reliant, strategically autonomous, dual-use, and modern defence and security industry, with appropriate participation from the domestic private sector. Prioritize AI, semiconductors, advanced materials, satellites, unmanned vehicles, robotics, cybersecurity, quantum technology, and electronic warfare; step by step master the design and manufacture of high-tech weaponry. Formulate and synchronously develop dual-use defence-economic zones, industrial clusters, national security industrial complexes, and defence/security innovation centres; build a network of defence and security enterprises capable of mastering strategic technologies and leading spearhead sectors; develop dual-use infrastructure integrating defence, security, and civilian needs. Establish mechanisms for ordering, testing, commercializing, and controlled exporting of dual-use products; encourage overseas investment in defence and security industries.

- Ensure strategic autonomy in technology and data; construct defence data infrastructure and interconnected digital command and control systems; establish strategic forecasting mechanisms, inter-agency security coordination, and national security risk mapping.

- Comprehensively develop national security assurance capacities. Formulate and synchronously execute the National Security Strategy; firmly safeguard national security, regime security, human security, economic security, cultural-ideological security, energy security, food security, water security, cybersecurity, tech security, financial security, and security in emerging domains (outer space, low-altitude, underground, sea, and ocean...); prepare proactive scenarios and plans for handling new forms of security violations and crisis situations, as well as framework scenarios for non-traditional security threats.

- Build a synchronous, multi-tiered security posture across domains; proactively detect, effectively respond to, and push back all traditional and non-traditional security challenges. Establish periodic national resilience testing mechanisms; establish security risk assessment mechanisms for major strategies, large projects, major digital platforms, foreign direct investments in sensitive sectors, and high-impact emerging technologies; build tracking and early warning systems for supply chain and tech risks. Formulate and refine a national strategic framework on human security; enhance citizen protection against non-traditional and cyber threats. Focus on effectively combating crimes, building an orderly, disciplined, safe, civilized, harmonious, and progressive society.

7. On foreign affairs and international integration

- Build a comprehensive, modern, professional diplomatic sector; remain steadfast in pursuing the foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, multilateralization, and diversification; safeguard national interests to the highest degree based on international law; leverage the combined strength of Party diplomacy, State diplomacy, and people-to-people diplomacy; deepen relationships with partners, especially comprehensive strategic partners, strategic partners, and key partners; devise solutions to intertwine strategic interests with major powers; persistently resolve border, territorial, and maritime sovereignty issues through peaceful means on the basis of international law.

- Take economic diplomacy as a central task; synchronously and effectively conduct tech, digital, cultural, environmental, and climate diplomacy; leverage head-of-state diplomacy in building political trust; link high-level diplomatic activities with investment attraction and technology transfer; maximize the role of overseas diplomatic missions in promoting scientific and technological cooperation and attracting talent.

- Elevate multilateral diplomacy; play a core role in regional and global mechanisms; participate in shaping new international standards regarding the digital economy, AI, green finance, cybersecurity, and supply chains; promote defence and security diplomacy to protect the Fatherland early and from afar through peaceful means.

- Enhance foreign affairs and international integration capabilities of local governments and enterprises. Leverage the roles of the Vietnam Fatherland Front, socio-political organisations, and the overseas Vietnamese community in people-to-people diplomacy, knowledge diplomacy, tech, and digital diplomacy.

- Diversify partners, markets, supply chains, and technology ecosystems; proactively manage risks of strategic dependency; apply special mechanisms to attract multinational corporations, research organisations, and international talent to participate in science and technology programs in Vietnam; strongly mobilize the resources and role of the overseas Vietnamese community.

IV- ORGANISATION OF IMPLEMENTATION

1. The Political Bureau shall promulgate an Action Program for implementation of this Resolution, specifying targets and lists of tasks, solutions and schemes; and lead and direct its synchronous, timely and effective implementation to create vigorous changes in the awareness and actions of the entire political system and society regarding renewal of the national development model.

2. Provincial and municipal Party Committees, Party commissions and Party Committees directly under the Central Committee shall organize the study, learning and thorough grasp of this Resolution; formulate programs and plans for its implementation; and rigorously implement it down to Party cells.

3. The Executive Committee of the National Assembly CPV Organisation, the Executive Committee of the Government CPV Organisation, and Party Committees of central ministries and sectors shall direct the review, amendment and supplementation of policies and laws to ensure their synchronism, consistency and uniformity, thereby creating a legal basis for implementing this Resolution and supervising its implementation nationwide.

4. The Commission for Publicity and Mass Mobilization of CPVCC shall assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with, the Commission for Policy and Strategy of CPVCC in guiding and ensuring the thorough grasp of this Resolution and regularly disseminating information on its implementation results and the Political Bureau’s Action Program for its implementation.

5. The Party Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front and Central Mass Organisations shall lead and direct the strengthening of supervision and social criticism and intensify the mobilization of all strata of the people to actively comply with and participate in supervising the implementation of this Resolution and policies and laws on renewal of the national development model.

6. The Commission for Policy and Strategy of CPVCC shall coordinate with the Executive Committee of the Government CPV Organisation and the Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam in monitoring, guiding, urging, inspecting and supervising the results of implementation of this Resolution; periodically conduct preliminary and final reviews and report to the Central Committee, the Political Bureau and the Secretariat in accordance with regulations.

On Behalf of the Central Committee

General Secretary

TO LAM