CIRCULAR

Promulgating “National Technical Regulation on Radio Access Equipment Operating in the 5 GHz Band”

_____________________

Pursuant to the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations dated June 29, 2006;

Pursuant to the Law on Telecommunications dated November 23, 2009;

Pursuant to the Law on Radio Frequencies dated November 23, 2009;

Pursuant to Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 1, 2007 of the Government detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations;

Pursuant to Decree No. 78/2018/ND-CP dated May 16, 2018 of the Government amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 1, 2007 of the Government detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations;

Pursuant to Decree No. 17/2017/ND-CP dated February 17, 2017 of the Government defining the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Information and Communications;

At the proposal of the Director General of the Department of Science and Technology,

The Minister of Information and Communications hereby promulgates the Circular promulgating the National Technical Regulation on Radio Access Equipment Operating in the 5 GHz Band.

Article 1. This Circular is promulgated together with the National Technical Regulation on Radio Access Equipment Operating in the 5 GHz Band (QCVN 65: 2021/BTTTT).

Article 2.  Effect

1. This Circular takes effect on May 01, 2022.

2. The National Technical Regulation on Radio Access Equipment Operating in the 5 GHz Band, Code: QCVN 65:2013/BTTTT specified in Clause 1, Article 1 of Circular No. 01/2013/TT-BTTTT dated January 10, 2013 of the Minister of Information and Communications promulgating the National Technical Regulation on telecommunications expires from July 1, 2023.

Article 3. Roadmap for application

1. From July 1, 2023, domestically imported and manufactured 5 GHz band radio access equipment terminals must meet the requirements specified in QCVN 65:2021/BTTTT before being available in the market.

2. Enterprises, organizations and individuals are encouraged to manufacture and import 5 GHz radio access equipment applied the provisions of QCVN 65:2021/BTTTT from the effective date of this Circular.

Article 3. The Chief of Office, Director General of the Department of Science and Technology, Heads of agencies and units under the Ministry of Information and Communications, Directors of Departments of Information and Communications of provinces and centrally run cities and relevant organizations and individuals shall implement this Circular./.

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

QCVN 65:2021/BTTTT

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON RADIO ACCESS EQUIPMENT OPERATING IN THE 5 GHZ BAND

HA NOI - 2021

CONTENTS

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 6

1.1. Scope of regulation. 6

1.2. Subjects of application. 6

1.3. Environmental conditions 6

1.4. Normative references. 6

1.5. Interpretation of terms. 7

1.6. Symbols 10

1.7. Abbreviations 11

2. SPECIFICATIONS. 12

2.1. Nominal center frequency. 12

2.1.1. Definition. 12

2.1.2. Limits. 12

2.1.3. Measurement 13

2.2. Nominal channel bandwidth and occupied channel bandwidth. 13

2.2.1. Definition. 13

2.2.2. Limits. 13

2.2.3. Measurement 13

2.3. RF transmit power, transmit power control (TPC) and power density. 13

2.3.1. Definition. 13

2.3.2 Limits. 14

2.3.3. Measurement 15

2.4 Transmitter unwanted emissions. 15

2.4.1. Transmitter unwanted emissions in 5 GHz RLAN out-of-band domain. 15

2.4.1.1. Definition. 15

2.4.1.2. Limits. 15

2.4.1.3. Measurement 16

2.4.2. Transmitters unwanted emissions within the 5 GHz RLAN bands. 16

2.4.2.1. Definition. 16

2.4.2.2. Limits. 16

2.4.2.3. Measurement 17

2.5. Receiver spurious emissions 17

2.5.1. Definition. 17

2.5.2. Limits. 17

2.5.3 Measurement 17

2.6. Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) 17

2.6.1. Requirements for FBE. 18

2.6.2. Requirements for LBE. 20

2.6.3.  Mechanism of short control signaling on FBE and LBE. 25

2.7.  Receiver blocking. 26

2.7.1.  Definition. 26

2.7.2.  Requirement 26

2.7.3.  Testing. 27

3.   TEST METHODS. 27

3.1.  Test conditions. 27

3.1.1.  Normal and critical conditions. 27

3.1.2.  Test uncertainty condition. 27

3.1.3.   Test chain. 27

3.1.4.  Test channel 28

3.1.5.  Antenna. 29

3.1.6.  Conduction and radiation test 30

3.2.  Tests. 30

3.2.1.  Device declaration. 30

3.2.2.  Frequency. 32

3.2.3.  Occupied bandwidth. 32

3.2.4.   RF output power, TPC and power density. 33

3.2.5.  Unwanted emissions out of the 5 GHz band. 43

3.2.6.  Unwanted emissions in the 5 GHz RLAN band. 46

3.2.7.  Spurious emissions of receiver 47

3.2.8.  Adaptive Access. 50

3.2.9.   Receiver blocking feature. 65

4.     REGULATORY MANAGEMENT. 66

5.     RESPONSIBILITIES OF ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS. 66

6.     ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION.. 66

Appendix A  (Normative)  Radiation test site and scheme. 68

Appendix B  (Normative)   Radiation test procedures. 75

Appendix C  (Normative)  HS Code for 5 GHz radio access equipment 79

Bibliography of References. 80

Foreword

QCVN 65:2021/BTTTT replaces QCVN 65:2013/BTTTT.

QCVN 65:2021/BTTTT was compiled by the Research Institute of Posts and Telecommunications and the Department of Science and Technology, submitted to the Department of Science and Technology, reviewed by the Ministry of Science and Technology, and promulgated by the Ministry of Information and Communications together with Circular No.  /2021/TT-BTTTT dated  2021.

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON RADIO ACCESS EQUIPMENT OPERATING IN THE 5 GHZ BAND

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Scope of regulation

This National Technical Regulation applies to radio intranet equipment (RLAN equipment operating in 5 GHz band) capable of operating in all or some of the bands specified in Table 1.

This Regulation sets forth bandwidth access requirements for sharing bandwidth resources with other equipment.

Table 1- Operating frequency range of 5 GHz band RLAN equipment

HS codes of radio access equipment in the 5 GHz band are specified in Appendix c.

1.2. Subjects of application

This Regulation applies to organizations and individuals that import, manufacture and operate the equipment capable of accessing radio in the 5 GHz RLAN band within the scope of this Regulation in the territory of Vietnam.

1.3. Environmental conditions

The specifications of this Regulation apply in the operating environment conditions of the equipment as declared by the manufacturer. The equipment shall comply with all specifications of this Regulation when operating within the boundary limits of the declared operating environmental conditions.

1.4. Normative references

ETSI TR 100 028-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Part 1".

R 100 028-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Part 2".

IEEE std. 802.11TM-2016, IEEE standard for Information Technology— Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements. Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications.

ETSI TS 136 141 (V13.5.0) October 2016): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base station (BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141 version 13.5.0 Release 13).

1.5. Interpretation of terms

1.5.1. 5 GHz RLAN band

The band covers the frequency bands from 5,150 MHz to 5,350 MHz and from 5,470 MHz to 5,850 MHz.

1.5.2. Adaptive equipment

The device operates in adaptive mode.

1.5.3. Adaptive mode

The mode of equipment changes to adapt to the operating environment conditions by determining other influential transmission factors in the operating band.

1.5.4. Ad-hoc mode 

Operation mode of equipment when connected directly, temporarily with each other without any network management.

1.5.5. Antenna array

Two or more antennas combine in one unit and operate simultaneously.

1.5.6. Antenna assembly

Including antenna, coaxial cable and connectors, and switches if used.

Note 1 to entry: Antenna assembly corresponds to a component in a transmitting arm.

Note 2 to entry: Antenna assembly gain is the gain of the antenna itself, not including the gain resulting from the use of processing technologies such as beam navigation.

1.5.7. Available channel

The defined channel is available for immediate use as the active channel.

NOTE:  Usable channels with a nominal bandwidth which are entirely in the 5 150 MHz to 5 250 MHz frequency ranges are available channels without any means of determining availability.

1.5.8. Backoff procedure

Procedure to share common resources by randomly transmitting from devices that require access to the operating channel to transmit information.

1.5.9. beamforming gain

Gain due to using beam navigation technique in smart antenna system.

NOTE:  The beamforming gain is independent and separate from antenna gain.

1.5.10. Burst

Period during which radio waves are intentionally transmitted, preceded and succeeded by periods during which no intentional transmission is made

1.5.11. Channel

Minimum amount of spectrum used by a single RLAN device to receive and transmit radio information

NOTE: An RLAN device is permitted to operate in one or more adjacent or non-adjacent channels simultaneously.

1.5.12. CAE (Channel Access Engine) procedure

Procedure used to determine whether transmission is allowed.

1.5.13. Channel plan

The list includes the channel center frequencies along with the corresponding nominal channel bandwidth.

1.5.14. CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) procedure

Procedure used by a device to determine the likelihood of a channel being used by another device for communication.

1.5.15. Combined equipment

Equipment with several components, of which at least one component has a radio transceiver function within the scope of regulation.

1.5.16. Contention Window (CW)

Main parameter for determining the duration of the backoff procedure.

1.5.17. Dedicated antenna

The antenna is outside the device, connected to the device by a connector, cable, or waveguide.

1.5.18. Energy detection

Mechanism used by an adaptive system to determine the likelihood of other equipment operating in the channel by detecting the signal level emitted by those devices.

1.5.19. Environmental conditions

The range of environmental conditions in which the equipment operates must comply with all the regulations set out in this Regulation.

1.5.20. Frame Based Equipment (FBE)

The device periodically receives and transmits with a period equal to the Fixed Frame Period.

1.5.21. Integrated antenna 

The antenna is designed as a permanent part of the equipment (not via a connector) and cannot be detached from the equipment to be replaced by another antenna.

NOTE The Integrated antenna can be inside or outside the equipment, but connected to the rest of the equipment by means of cable or waveguide, not using a detachable connector.

1.5.22. LBT (Listen Before Talk)

The equipment uses the CCA function before using the channel.

1.5.23. LBE (Load Based Equipment)

The equipment generates, receives and transmits radio according to the demand for information, which is not fixed over time.

1.5.24. Master mode

The mode of the equipment with DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) thanks to radar interference detection (RID - Radar Interference Detection) used to control other RLAN equipment operating in Slave mode.

1.5.25. Multi-radio equipment

Combined equipment with at least 2 radio units (transmitter, receiver or transceiver) or radio equipment capable of operating in at least 2 bands simultaneously.

1.5.26. Observation slot

The period of time used by the equipment to check the presence of other RLAN equipment on the active radio channel.

1.5.27. Operating channel

The available channel is used by the RLAN equipment to initiate transceiver.

1.5.28. Post backoff procedure

The backoff procedure is applied immediately after each successful transmission.

1.5.29. Prioritization period

The period of time includes initialization and observation to check that another RLAN equipment transmits on the active channel.

1.5.30. Receiver chain

The part includes the receiver circuit and the corresponding antenna.

1.5.31. RLAN device 

The 5 GHz wireless access device is capable of being used in an internal wireless network.

1.5.32. Simulated radar burst

A series of cyclic radio pulses used for measurement purposes.

1.5.33. Slave mode

Mode when the transceiver of the RLAN device is controlled by the master RLAN device when performing DFS.

When set to Slave mode, an RLAN device is called a Slave device.

1.5.34. Smart antenna systems

The device combines many transmitting and receiving antennas capable of signal processing to improve throughput or optimize radio reception and transmission.

1.5.35. Stand-alone radio equipment

Equipment used in a radio network capable of independent operation.

1.5.36. Sub-band

Part of the 5 GHz RLAN band.

1.5.37. Total occupied bandwidth

Sum of the nominal bandwidths in the case of equipment operating simultaneously on adjacent or non-adjacent channels.

1.5.38. Transmit chain

The part includes the transmitter circuit and the corresponding antenna.

1.5.39. TPC (Transmit Power Control)

The technique allows the radio transmitter output power to be controlled to reduce interference to other systems.

1.5.40. Unavailability channel

The channel cannot be used by RLAN device for a certain period of time (called the Non Occupancy Period (NOP)) when a radar signal is detected on that channel.

1.5.41. Unusable channel

The declared channel cannot be used in the list of channels due to a radar signal detected on it.

1.5.42. Usable channel

The channel is in the list of declared channels available for use by the RLAN device.

1.6. Symbols

A                    Measured output power

D                    Measured power density

dBm               Power ratio in decibels (dB) of the measured power referenced to one milliwatt (mW)

dBW               Power ratio in decibels (dB) of the measured power referenced to one watt (mW)

E                    Field strength

E_o                   Reference Field Strength

f_c                     Carrier frequency

G                    Antenna gain

GHz                Gigahertz

Hz                  Hertz

kHz                kiloHertz

MHz               Megahertz

ms                  millisecond

mW                milliwatt

n                     Number of channels

p                     Priority cycle counter

P_H                  EIRP calculated at max power level

P_L                   EIRP calculated at min power level

P_burst                Mean power over the transmission burst

PD                  Calculated Power Density

P_d                    Detection Probability

q                     Backoff procedure related counter

R                    Distance

R_ch                  Number of active receiver chains

R₀                   Reference distance

S₀                    Signal power

T₀                   Time instant

T₁                    Time instant

T₂                   Time instant

T₃                   Time instant

W                    Radar pulse width

x                     Observation period

Y                     Beamforming (antenna) gain

1.7. Abbreviations

2. SPECIFICATIONS

2.1. Nominal center frequency

2.1.1. Definition

The nominal center frequency is the center frequency of the active channel.

RLAN device usually operates on one or several fixed frequencies. The device is allowed to change its nominal operating frequency when the interference is detected or to avoid interference to other device and to meet frequency planning requirements.

2.1.2. Limits

The nominal center frequency (fc) for a nominal channel bandwidth of 20 MHz is determined by (1):

5,160 +(g x 20) MHz (1)

where, g is an integer satisfying 0 ≤ g ≤ 9 or 16 ≤ g ≤ 29.

The nominal center frequency is allowed to differ by not more than 200 kHz from the value specified in formula (1). The manufacturer shall declare if the nominal center frequency is used.

The (actual) operating center frequency for any given channel must be maintained within fc ± 20ppm.

2.1.3. Measurement

Use the measurement method as specified in 3.2.2.

2.2. Nominal channel bandwidth and occupied channel bandwidth

2.2.1. Definition

Nominal channel bandwidth: the widest frequency band assigned to an independent channel, including guard bandwidth.

Occupied channel bandwidth: bandwidth containing 99 % of the power of the signal.

When the device has simultaneous transmissions in adjacent channels, these transmissions may be considered as one signal with an actual Nominal Channel Bandwidth of 'n' times the individual Nominal Channel Bandwidth where 'n' is the number of adjacent channels.

When the device has simultaneous transmissions in non-adjacent channels, each power envelope shall be considered separately

2.2.2. Limits

The nominal channel bandwidth for a single active channel is 20 MHz.

In addition, the device may use the minimum nominal channel bandwidth of 5 MHz if it still meets the nominal center frequency requirement in section 2.1.

The occupied channel bandwidth must be between 80% and 100% of the nominal channel bandwidth.

If a smart antenna system with multiple transmit antennas is used, the nominal channel bandwidth and occupied channel bandwidth on each transmitting branch must meet the above requirements.

The occupied channel bandwidth can vary with time or payload.

During the COT period, the device may use a temporary occupied channel bandwidth less than 80% of the nominal channel bandwidth but not less than 2 MHz.

2.2.3. Measurement

Use the measurement method as specified in 3.2.3.

2.3. RF transmit power, transmit power control (TPC) and power density

2.3.1. Definition

RF transmit power: mean equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) during a transmission burst.

Transmit Power Control (TPC): a mechanism to be used by the RLAN device to ensure a mitigation factor of at least 3 dB on the total power from a large number of devices. This requires the RLAN device to have a TPC range from which the lowest value is at least 6 dB below the values for mean e.i.r.p. given in table 2.

Power density: the equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (e.i.r.p.) density during a transmission burst.

The limits below are applicable throughout the system and in any configuration, taking into account the antenna gain of the integrated or dedicated antenna as well as the additional gain (beam format) in the case of smart antenna systems.

In case of multiple (adjacent or non-adjacent) channels within the same sub-band, the total RF output power of all channels in that sub-band shall not exceed the limits defined in Table 2 and Table 3.

In case of multiple, non-adjacent channels operating in separate sub-bands, the total RF output power in each of the sub-bands shall not exceed the limits defined in Table 2 and Table 3.

2.3.2 Limits

The limits below apply system-wide in all configurations, taking into account the integrated or dedicated antenna gain and the gain resulting from the use of smart antennas. If the device uses adjacent or separate multiple channels within the sub-band, the RF output power on the sub-band is determined by the total power on the channels and shall not be greater than the limit. If the device operates on channels that are not in the sub-band, the RF output power on each component band is equal to the sum of the RF output power of the channels in that band and must not be greater than the limit.

TPC is not required for channels whose nominal bandwidth falls completely within the band 5 150 MHz to 5 250 MHz.

For the devices with TPC, the RF output power and the power density when configured to operate at the highest stated power level (P_H) of the TPC range shall not exceed the levels given in Table 2.

If the device is allowed to operate without TPC, see Table 2 for the applicable limits in this case.

Table 2: Mean e.i.r.p. limits for RF output power and power density at the highest power level (P_H)

Table 3: Mean e.i.r.p. limits for RF output power at the lowest power level (P_L)  

2.3.3. Measurement

Use the measurement method as specified in 3.2.4.

2.4 Transmitter unwanted emissions

2.4.1. Transmitter unwanted emissions in 5 GHz RLAN out-of-band domain

2.4.1.1. Definition

Transmitters unwanted emissions in 5 GHz RLAN out-of-band domain are emissions outside the 5 GHz RLAN band defined in 1.5.1.

2.4.1.2. Limits

The unwanted emissions in 5 GHz RLAN out-of-band domain shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 4.

For the device with an antenna connector, the upper limits apply to emissions at the antenna port.

For enclosure ports or integrated antenna device without the antenna connector, the limits apply to the value of e.r.p. at frequencies up to 1 GHz and e.i.r.p. at frequencies greater than 1 GHz.

Table 4 - Transmitters unwanted emissions in 5 GHz RLAN out-of-band domain

2.4.1.3. Measurement

Use the measurement method as specified in 3.2.5.

2.4.2. Transmitters unwanted emissions within the 5 GHz RLAN bands

2.4.2.1. Definition

Unwanted emissions of transmitters in the 5 GHz RLAN band as defined in 1.5.1.

2.4.2.2. Limits

The power density (determined over a 1 MHz bandwidth) of the unwanted emissions of transmitters within the 5 GHz RLAN band shall be not more than -30 dBm/MHz and the limits determined by the spectrum mask in Fig. 1. The limits in Fig. 1 are comparisons corresponding to the maximum power density of RLAN device over 1 MHz bandwidth.

The spectrum mask in Fig. 1 applies only to the operating band of the device. Outside the operating band of the device, the limits are determined as in clause 2.4.1.

In the case of smart antenna system with multiple transmit chains, the transmitted emissions per transmit chain shall satisfy the limit specified from Fig 1.

For device transmitting simultaneously in adjacent channels, the above limits apply as for device transmitting on a total channel with a bandwidth equal to n times the nominal bandwidth of each channel, where 'n' is the number of adjacent channels used simultaneously.

For simultaneous transmissions in multiple non-adjacent channels, the application of the limits shall be as follows:

– the unwanted emission of each channel shall not exceed the spectrum mask in Fig.1;

- At each frequency, the maximum spectrum mask level determined from the emission of each channel used by the device shall be considered as the limit level in the spectrum mask corresponding to that frequency.

Figure 1: Transmit spectral power mask

2.4.2.3. Measurement

Use the measurement method as specified in 3.2.6.

2.5. Receiver spurious emissions

2.5.1. Definition

Emissions on any frequency when the device is in receiving mode.

2.5.2. Limits

Receiver spurious emissions shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 5.

For the device with the antenna connector, the upper limits apply to emissions at the antenna port.

For enclosure ports or integrated antenna device without the antenna connector, the limits apply to the value of e.r.p. at frequencies up to 1 GHz and e.i.r.p. at frequencies greater than 1 GHz.

Table 5 - Spurious radiated emission limits

2.5.3 Measurement

Use the measurement method as specified in 3.2.7.

2.6. Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)

The mechanism used by the device to automatically limit transmission and access to the operating channel.

RLAN will use Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) function to detect the interference from radar systems (radar detection) and to avoid co-channel operation with these systems.

The DFS function is described under the conditions under which the device may transmit, transmission is allowed in conjunction with the condition that it is not prohibited under to the adaptive function requirements.

There are two types of adaptive devices:

- Frame based equipment (FBE);

- Load Based Equipment (LBE).

2.6.1. Requirements for FBE 

2.6.1.1. Introduction

FBE will implement LBT mode access to detect signals from other RLAN devices transmitting on a given operating channel.

The FBE arranges the reception and transmission periodically with the period specified by the FFP parameter. Each observation slot used shall have a duration of not less than 9 μs.

The device that initiates a sequence of one or more transmitted signals is called the initiating device. Otherwise, the device is called the responding device.

FBE may be the initiating device, responding device or both. The access mechanism for the LBE as the initiating device shall comply with the provisions of 2.6.1.2. The access mechanism for responding device for the LBE shall comply with the provisions of 2.6.1.3.

If simultaneous transmission is possible on adjacent or separate operating channels, the FBE is permitted to use any 20 MHz combination/group of operating channels within the list of nominal center frequencies (see 2.1) if satisfying the channel access requirement for the initiating device as specified in 2.6.1.2 on each 20 MHz operating channel.

2.6.1.2. Access mechanism of the initiating device

The initiating device LBE that performs channel access sastifies following requirements:

1) The manufacturer must declare the supported FFP fixed frame cycle times and these must be between 1 ms and 10 ms. The signal is transmitted only at the beginning of the FFP cycle as shown in Fig. 2. The device may change the FFP fixed frame period but the maximum frequency of change is only 1 time in every 200 ms interval.

2) Just before the start of transmission on the operating channel at the start of the FFP cycle, the LBE shall perform a CCA check in one observation slot. The operating channel will be considered to be used if the energy level above it exceeds the ED Threshold Level (TL) limit as in requirement (6) in this section. If the specified operating channel is not in use, the LBE may transmit on it as shown in Fig. 2.

If a used operating channel is detected, the device will not broadcast on that channel for the next immediate FFP cycle. However, the FBE is allowed to transmit a short control signal on this channel if the requirements specified in clause 2.6.3 are satisfied.

If simultaneous transmission on operating channels is possible, the device is allowed to transmit on any operating channel that is confirmed to be available by the CCA check procedure. The total time when the FBE is allowed to transmit on a given operating channel without re-doing the CCA check procedure is called the channel occupancy time (COT). During that time, the device may transmit multiple times on the operating channel without further CCA check if the interval between two consecutive transmissions does not exceed 16 μs. If it is expected to start transmitting more than 16 μs after the previous one, the device must perform a channel availability assertion through a new CCA check just before it is transmitted. All transmission pauses are included in the COT.

3) The initiating device FBE is authorized to issue authentication to one or more of the relevant responding device for the duration of the channel occupation. The responding device that receives the authentication shall follow the procedure specified in section 2.6.1.3.

4) The channel occupancy time (COT ) shall not be more than 95% of the FFP cycle. The next time when the channel is occupied is called the idle time. The idle time should not be less than 5% of the COT and not less than 100 μs.

5) When the intended packet is received, the device may bypass the CCA to immediately process transmission of management and control frames such as ACK. The total time for the device to perform consecutive transmission processing without performing a new CCA must not exceed the maximum COT value as specified in step (4) of this section. For multi-cast transmission, ACK messages corresponding to the same data packets from other devices are allowed to be transmitted consecutively.

6) The ED Threshold Level (TL) at the receiver input is determined by the maximum transmit power according to the following expression (assuming an isotropic receiving antenna and the power used is e.i.r.p in dBm):

-75 dBm/MHz, if P_H ≤ 13 dBm;

-85 dBm/MHz + (23 dBm - PH) if 13 dBm < P_H < 23 dBm;

-85 dBm/MHz, if P_H ≥ 23 dBm.

Figure 2 - Structure in the FFP fixed frame cycle

2.6.1.3. Access mechanism of responding device

Requirement 3) in 2.6.1.2 specifies an initiating device procedure that grants the permission to the responding device to transmit on the operating channel for the duration of the current FFP fixed frame cycle. The responding device that receives the broadcast permission shall comply with the procedures steps 1) through 3) in this section.

1) The responding device authorized to transmit from an initiating device may transmit on the operating channel as follows:

a) The responding device may transmit without performing the CCA observation procedure if the transmission time is not more than 16 μs from the previous transmission time of the initiating device.

b) The responding device that has not transmitted within 16 μs of the previous transmission of initiating device shall perform a CCA channel check on the operating channel prior to transmission. The CCA procedure shall execute in the observation slot not exceeding 25 μs from the time of previous transmission of the initiating device.

If the signal detected when observation is greater than the ED Threshold Level (TL) in item 6) of section 2.6.1.2, the responding device must proceed according to step 3) in this section. In contrast, the responding device is processed in accordance with step 2) of this section.

2) The responding device may transmit on the operating channel for the remainder of the COT period of the current FFP cycle. The responding device may transmit multiple times on the operating channel if the interval between successive transmissions does not exceed 16 μs. When the transmission is complete, the responding device will follow the procedure in step 3).

b) The responding device that has not transmitted within 16 μs of the previous transmission of the grant initiator shall perform a CCA channel check on the operating channel prior to transmission.

3) The responding device has lost broadcast permissions.

2.6.2. Requirements for LBE

2.6.2.1. Introduction

The LBE will implement a Listen Before Talk (LBT) channel access mechanism to detect that an RLAN signal has been transmitted on the operating channel.

2.6.2.2. Adaptive Classification

The device that initiates a sequence of one or more transmitted signals is called the initiating device. Otherwise, the device is called the responding device.

The LBE may be the initiating device, responding device or both.

The access mechanism for the initiating device LBE shall comply with the provisions of section 2.6.2.6. The access mechanism for responding device LBE shall comply with the provisions of section 2.6.2.7.

The LBE transmits on COT occupancy intervals. Each COT includes at least one initiating device transmit time and possibly corresponding responding device.

The device that controls (not DFS) the operation parameters of one or several other devices is called a supervising device. In contrast, the devices that are under the control of supervising device are called supervised device.

2.6.2.3. Multi-channel usage

If simultaneous transmission is possible on adjacent or separate operating channels, the LBE shall satisfy the following option:

- The LBE is allowed to use any combination/group of 20 MHz operating channels included in the list of nominal center frequencies (clause 2.1) if the channel access requirements for initiating device specified in 2.6 are s. .2.6 on each 20 MHz operating channel;

- LBEs using a 20 MHz channel combination/group within a 40 MHz, 80 MHz or 160 MHz link channel may transmit on any 20 MHz operating channel if the channel access requirements for the specified initiator device are met. 2.6.2.6 on one of the 20 MHz operating channels (called the main operating channel) and perform a CCA test for at least 25 μs to determine that there are no other signals with a level greater than the ED Threshold Level (TL) (see section 2.6.2.5) on the other intended operating channel.

The 40 MHz, 80 MHz and 160 MHz link channels are arranged as shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 - 40 MHz, 80 MHz and 160 MHz channel arrangement

The selection of the main operating channel is done in one of two ways:

- Selection with equal probability each time when the CW window corresponding to a transmission of the main operating channel in use is set to the minimum CW_min. The CW window shall be preserved for each priority class (see section 2.6.2.4) within a 20 MHz component of 40 MHz, 80 MHz or 160 MHz link channels;

- Random selection and without change more than once in 1 second.

The 40 MHz, 80 MH, 160 MH link channels containing the 20 MHz operating channel group shall not be changed more than once per second.

2.6.2.4. Multi-channel usage

Table 7, Table 8 contains 4 sets of corresponding channel access parameters for supervising device and supervised device, generating the largest priority classes and COT parameters. The above parameters are used by the initiating device in the channel access mechanism (at 2.6.2.6) to access the operating channel.

If the occupied channel contains at least two transmissions, the transmissions shall be separated by a certain separation. The COT is defined as the sum of all transmit intervals and the separations not exceeding 25 μs within the occupied channel. The COT value shall not exceed the maximum value specified in Tables 7 and 8. The interval between the last transmission and the first transmission in an occupied channel shall not exceed 20 ms.

The initiating device may broadcast on different priority classes. Then, the channel access mechanism uses simultaneously the channel Occupancy Engine corresponding to each different priority class specified in 2.6.2.6.

Table 7 - Different priority class channel access parameters (initiating device)

Table 8 - Different priority class channel access parameters (responding device)

2.6.2.5. ED Threshold Level

The device will consider the channel occupied when it detects an RLAN transmission with a level greater than the ED Threshold Level (TL). The ED Threshold Level (TL) is determined over the nominal channel bandwidth of all operating channels used by the device.

The ED Threshold Level (TL) limit value depends on the device type:

- Option 1: for the device operating in the 5 GHz RLAN band that complies with one or more of IEEE 802.11TM-2016 clauses 17, 19, and 21, the ED Threshold Level (TL) value is independent from the maximum output power of the device (PH). Assuming an antenna with 0 dBi gain, the ED Threshold Level (TL) value will be determined by:

TL = -75 dBm/MHz (2)

- Option 2: for the device that complies with the condition in Option 1 and at least one other mode of operation, or with a device that does not comply with the condition in Option 1, the ED Threshold Level (TL) value will depend with the maximum output power of the device (PH). Assuming an antenna with 0 dBi gain, the ED Threshold Level (TL) value will be determined by:

P_H  ≤13 dBm: TL = -75 dBm/MHz

13 dBm < P_H ≤ 23 dBm: TL = -85 dBm/MHz + (23 dBm - P_H)

P_H > 23 dBm: TL = -85 dBm/MHz

2.6.2.6. Access mechanism of the initiating device

Before transmitting on the operating channel, the initiating device must activate and operate at least one CAE procedure to perform the procedure in steps 1) to 8) below. The CAE procedure uses the parameters specified in Tables 7 and 8.

The observation slot defined in 1.5.26 and used in this section shall not be less than 9 μs.

The initiating device will use 1 to 4 different CAE procedures corresponding to each priority class defined in 2.6.2.4.

1. The CAE procedure sets CW equal to CW_min.
2. The CAE procedure randomly selects to a uniformly distributed probability density q between 0 and CW. Note 2 to Table 7 defines a different range of q values ​​when the preceding or following COT interval is greater than the maximum value of COT defined in Table 7.

3)    The CAE procedure will initiate the priority interval as specified from step 3a) to step 3c):

a) The CAE procedure sets the p parameter according to the corresponding priority class as in 2.6.2.4

b) The CAE procedure waits for a period of 16 μs

c) The CAE procedure perform the CCA procedure on the operating channel in the observation slot.

 i)  An operating channel will be considered occupied if there is a signal transmitted on that channel that is greater than the ED Threshold level as defined in 2.6.2.5. The CAE Procedure then initiates the priority interval according to step 3a) after the detected signal in the channel is less than the ED Threshold level;

 ii)  If the signal on the operating channel has a level less than the ED Threshold level, p may be reduced in an increment not exceeding 1. If p is zero, the CAE procedure will proceed to step 4. ). In contract, the CAE procedure will follow step 3c);

4) The CAE procedure will perform the backoff procedure in steps 4a) to 4d) as follows:

a)     Determine whether the CAE procedure satisfies the backoff procedure condition. If q < 0 and ready to transmit, the CAE procedure sets CW equal to CWmin and selects a random number q according to a uniformly distributed probability between 0 and CW before performing step 4b). Note 2 in Table 7 defines a different range of q when the preceding or following COT interval is greater than the maximum value of the COT defined in Table 7.

b)    If q < 1, the CAE procedure will follow step 4d). In contract, the CAE procedure may reduce q to a value not greater than 1 and proceed in step 4c);

c)     The CAE procedure performs the CCA procedure on the operating channel in a single observation slot as follows:

 i)      An operating channel will be considered occupied if there is a signal transmitted on that channel that is greater than the ED Threshold level as defined in 2.6.2.5. At that time, the CAE procedure will continue to follow step 3;

ii)      If the signal on the operating channel is less than the ED Threshold level, the CAE procedure will proceed to step 4b);

d)     If ready for transmission, the CAE procedure continues to step 5). In contract, the CAE procedure will reduce the q value by 1 and perform the processing in step 4c). Note that the q value may be less than 0 and decreases when the CAE procedure is not ready to transmit;

5)    If there is only one device CAE procedure that initiates processing in this step (Note 1), that CAE procedure will proceed to step 6). If there is more than one device CAE procedure initiated at this step (Note 2), the CAE procedure with the highest priority will proceed to step 6) and the remaining CAEs will proceed to the step 8).

NOTE 1: In the case of device without internal conflict;

NOTE 2: In the case of device without internal conflict;

6)     The CAE procedure may initiate transmission with the same or higher priority on one or more operating channels. If transmitting on more than one operating channel, the initiating device must meet all the requirements in 2.6.2.3:

a)         The CAE may transmit multiple times without performing the CCA procedure on the operating channel if the interval between transmissions does not exceed 16 μs. In contract, if the interval between transmissions exceeds 16 μs and does not exceed 25 μs, the initiating device may continue transmitting if it does not detect a signal greater than the limit on the operating channel in the observation slot;

b)        The CAE may grant transmission rights on the current operating channel to one or several responding devices. If authorized to transmit by the originating device, the responding device shall follow the procedures specified in 2.6.2.7;

c)         The initiating device may transmit concurrently with priority levels lower than that being used by the CAE if the transmission interval does not exceed the time required for the CAE to transmit with a specified priority;

7)     At the end of channel occupation and receipt of confirmation of completion of at least one transmission at the time of the start of the channel occupation, the initiating device will proceed to step 1). In contract, the initiating device will proceed to step 8);

8)     The initiating device may transmit again. If the device does not transmit again, the CAE will ignore all data packets during the channel occupancy interval and perform processing to step 1). In contract, the CAE will set CW equal to (CW +1) x m -1 with m ≥ 2. If CW value after setting is greater than CW_max value, the CAE will set CW equal to CW_max. The CAE will process to step 2).

In accordance with the provisions of section 2.6.2.4, the initiating device must operate with separate CAEs for each priority class.

The CW may take a larger value than the CW specified in steps 1) to 8) in this section.

Step 6b) of 2.6.2.6 defines the ability of the initiator to allow one or more responding devices to transmit signals on the current operating channel. Once authorized, the responding device will follow steps 1) through 3) as follows:

1. Responding device authorized to transmit from the initiator can transmit signals on the current operating channel as follows:

1. The responding device may transmit immediately without performing the CCA procedure if the transmitting time is not more than 16 µs from the last transmit of the respective initiator; 
2. Responding device that does not transmit within 16 µs since the respective initiator stops transmitting shall perform a CCA procedure on the operating channel in an observation time slot within 25 µs immediately prior to the time of authorization.  If a signal on the operating channel is detected that it exceeds the ED Threshold, the responding device will proceed to step 3). Otherwise, it will proceed to step 2);

2. The responding device may transmit signals on the current operating channel with the remainder of the COT.  It may transmit multiple times on the operating channel during this period if the period between two consecutive transmissions does not exceed 16 µs. At the end of transmit, the responding device proceeds to step 3;
3. Withdraw transmit authorization of the responding device.

Short control signaling is used to transmit control and management information framework without supervising the existence of other signals on the channel.

FBE and LBE devices are permitted to use short control signaling on the operating channel if it complies with the provisions of this section. They may or may not adopt short control signaling.

The transmission of a short control signal shall meet the following requirements:

• During each observation cycle of 50 ms, the number of times the device transmits a short control signal shall not exceed 50;
• The total time the device transmits a short control signal shall be less than 2 500 µs during the observation cycle.

Use the test method as stated in 3.2.8.

Receiver blocking is the ability of the equipment to receive the wanted signal on the operating channel with a performance level that remains consistent in the presence of unexpected signals (signals blocking) at input of out-of-band frequencies as stated in Table 1.

Performance is assessed through the Packet Error Rate (PER) with a limit of 10%. In special cases for other purposes, the manufacturer must declare the specific performance limit that is applied.

The system shall ensure a performance limit in the presence of blocking signals at a specified frequency not less than the limits given in Table 9.

Table 9 - Parameter limits of receiver blocking signal

Test method as stated in 3.2.9.

The tests herein shall be carried out under normal conditions as follows.

• Temperature: from 15 °C to 35 °C;
• Humidity: from 20% to 75%;
• Power supply: Based on the operation needs of the system

The above test condition parameters must be recorded in the test report.

Where critical conditions for testing are required, the manufacturer shall declare critical environmental conditions of the equipment used.

The test uncertainty shall not exceed the limits in Table 10.

Table 10 - Maximum test uncertainty

3.1.3. Test chain

Except for DFS-related tests, the tests in this specification are performed through the use of test transmit chains. These chains consist of data packets that are transmitted at regular periods within a specified period (e.g. 2 ms). The transmitting time is fixed in the test chain and is greater than 10 % of the time per cycle.

The general structure of the test chain is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 - Test chain

Unless otherwise specified, the channels used in the tests are stated in Table 11.

During test, supportive equipment provides simultaneous transmitting signals on consecutive or discrete channels; the DFS test is not required to be performed simultaneously on the respective channels used.

Table 11 - Test channel

The system may have a integral antenna or a separate antenna. A separate antenna (external antenna) is an antenna located outside the system, which, in combination with a part of the system, must meet the relevant requirements of the standard.

In the standard, antenna system components include antennas, cables, connectors and switching elements. The antenna gain does not take into account the gain provided by performance enhancement technologies such as beamforming, diversity scheme, etc.

Smart antenna systems can apply beamforming techniques to increase gain. The gain resulting from these measures will be determined separately and independent of the intrinsic gain of the antenna.

Although the test methods in the standard include conduction tests, it should be noted that the device and antenna assembly must meet all relevant requirements in the standard.

Mode 1: Use single antenna

The system uses only 1 antenna, including:

•  Equipment with a single antenna;
• Equipment with two diversity antennas but only connected to one antenna at a given time;
• Smart antenna systems have multiple antennas but only one antenna is used in test mode.

Mode 2: Use multiple antennas without beamforming

The system in this mode applies a smart antenna group with multiple antennas transmission at the same time but not adopting beamforming techniques.

Mode 3: Use multiple antennas with beamforming techniques

The system in this mode uses a smart antenna group with multiple antennas transmission at the same time with support of beamforming techniques.

In addition to the gain of the antenna system G, the beamforming gain Y should be taken into account when doing the tests.

Unless otherwise specified, conduction and radiation tests should be performed.

The system using a integral antenna shall have connectors for conduction tests. Where there is no connector for test, the equipment manufacturer must make modifications to place additional connectors on the equipment under test.

The equipment manufacturer shall declare the following information for inclusion in the test report. This information is used to perform the test as well as to evaluate the test results.

• Channelization scheme, rated center frequencies and rated bandwidth;
• If the LBE supports multichannel transmission, the following details should be declared:

• Option (1 or 2) is adopted by the LBE when multichannel transmission;
• Maximum number of channels used simultaneously;
• Channel type used simultaneously: consecutive or discrete;
• Ability to use channels in different sub-bands;
• Number of channels used for test when the equipment is operating in Option 1.

• Various transmission modes are used;
• For each transmission mode, it is necessary to declare the following information:

• Number of transmit chains;
• If more than one transmit chain is triggered, the power distribution on the trigger chains is even or uneven;
• Number of receive chains;
• Ability to use antenna beamforming and maximum beamforming gain Y in transmission mode;

• TPC specifications used by the device;

NOTE Equipment may adopt different TPC bands on different antennas or require different power. The manufacturer can declare the equipment with or without TPC.

• For equipment with TPC, the manufacturer must declare the following information for each TPC range:

• Minimum and maximum transmit power (e.i.r.p in case of using a integral antenna). If simultaneous transmitting signals on different sub-bands is supported, the information to be declared includes the minimum and maximum transmit power in each sub-band;
• The different transmit power levels correspond to the operating mode in the case of smart antennas with different transmission modes;
• The components of the antenna system, the respective maximum gain G, e.i.r.p (taking into account the beamforming gain Y if any) and the DFS Threshold Level,
• Operating frequency range;

• For the equipment without TPC, the manufacturer must declare the following information:

• Maximum transmit power (e.i.r.p in case of using a integral antenna). If simultaneous transmitting signals on different sub-bands is supported, the information to be declared includes the maximum transmit power in each sub-band;
• The different transmit power levels correspond to the operating mode in the case of smart antennas with different transmission modes;
• The components of the antenna system, the maximum gain G, the respective e.i.r.p (taking into account the beamforming gain Y if any) and the DFS limit Threshold Level.
• Operating frequency range;

• DFS operating modes (Master, Slave with  or without radar detection);
• Frequency of (ad-hoc) mode if the equipment can operate in this mode;
• The operating frequency range of the equipment;
• Operating environment (normal or critical);
• Test software used by the UUT;
• Type of equipment: stand-alone, combined or multi-radio equipment;
• Type of adaptive device: FBE or LBE;
• For FBE devices, the following information should be declared:

• FBE operating mode: initiator and/or responding device;
• FFP period used by the device;

• For LBE devices, the following information should be declared:

• LBE operating mode: supervise and/or supervised device;
• Possibility to use Note 1 in Table 7 or Note 1 in Table 8;
• Possibility to use Note 2 in Table 7 where the LBE is a supervising device;
• Initiator and/or responding device mode;
• Priority levels are used;
• Possibility to use Option 1 or Option 2 for signal detection. Where the test procedures in 3.2.8.5 and 3.2.8.13 are not used:

+ Ability of the LBE to fully meet the requirements in 2.6.2.6 and 2.6.2.7;

+ Ability of the LBE to meet the COT requirement (at 2.6.2.4);

• Requirements for the minimum performance of equipment in special cases (clause 2.7);
• The equipment's maximum performance capacity (e.g. maximum throughput ...).

Tests are made under normal or critical conditions in the case of special equipment used.

The test channel is stated in 3.1.4.

The UUT is configured to operate at the rated RF transmit power on a single channel.

The UUT with an antenna connector and a separate external antenna, or the UUT with a integral antenna but with a temporary antenna connector is determined by conduction test.

The UUT with a integral antenna but without a temporary antenna connector shall be determined by radiation tests.

• Demodulator

The UUT is connected to an appropriate frequency tester (frequency counter or spectrum analyzer) and operates in demodulated mode.

Record the test frequency.

• Modulator:

The UUT connected to spectrum analyzer. Set to Max Hold mode on it, select the center frequency equal to the UUT frequency.

Record the envelope peak power. The Span on the spectrum analyzer is reduced and the Maker is moved to the positive side until it reaches -10 dBc against the peak. Express the respective frequency in f1.

Move the Marker to the negative side until it reaches -10 dBc against the peak. Express the respective frequency in f2.

The UUT frequency is determined by: (f1 +f2)/2

Configure the radiation test according to Appendix A with the spectrum analyzer attached to the measuring antenna. The test procedure is stated in 3.2.2.2.

The test is made under normal test conditions with the test channel and bandwidth stated in 3.1.4.

The test is made when the equipment is operating in the normal operating mode.

The UUT is configured to operate with the RF output power level used in normal operation.

Upon simultaneous transmitting signals on multiple adjacent channels, the transmitted signals are considered as a total signal with a rated bandwidth equal to the sum of the component rated bandwidths. When transmitting simultaneously on multiple discrete channels, each signal is identified individually.

The UUT with an antenna connector and a separate external antenna, or the UUT with a integral antenna but with a temporary antenna connector is determined by conduction test. Where conduction test is applied for the equipment with a smart antenna with multiple transmit chains, the test only needs to be performed on one trigger branch.

The UUT with a integral antenna but without a temporary antenna connector shall be determined by radiation test.

Step 1: Connect the UUT to the spectrum analyzer and set the following parameters:

• Center Frequency
• Resolution bandwidth: 100 kHz;
• Video Bandwidth: 300 kHz;
• Frequency Span: 2 times the rated bandwidth (eg 40 MHz for a 20 MHz channel);
• Sweep time: > 1 s. With a large rated bandwidth, the sweep time is increased so as not to affect the RMS value of the signal;
• Detector Mode: RMS;
• Trace Mode: Max Hold.

Step 2: Wait until the sweep image is stable.

Step 3:

• Take care that the power envelope must be sufficiently larger than the background noise of the spectrum analyzer so that the noise does not affect the envelope to the right and left of the center frequency;
• Use the spectrum analyzer's 99% bandwidth function to measure the occupied bandwidth of the UUT and record this value.

Repeat the test from Step 1 to Step 3 for other transmitted signals during simultaneous transmitting signals on non-adjacent channels.

The test configuration is described in Appendix A and the respective procedures are performed in Appendix B.

Measure according to the test method in 3.2.3.2,

3.2.4. RF output power, TPC and power density

The test channel is stated in 3.1.4.

The tests in this section may be repeated to measure the respective parameters:

• Each different TPC band (or receiver output power for the equipment that does not support TPC) and each different antenna configuration is declared by its manufacturer;
• Each transmission mode is declared by the manufacturer.

Where individual function tests are required, the equipment may be configured to transmit continuously or cyclically with an activation efficiency of not less than 10 %.

The UUT with an antenna connector and a separate external antenna, or the UUT with a integral antenna but with a temporary antenna connector are determined by conduction test.

The UUT with a integral antenna but without a temporary antenna connector shall be determined by radiation tests.

The test is made under normal and critical conditions. The UUT is configured to reach the maximum power in the power range when using the TPC or to the declared maximum value if the TPC is not available.

Case 1: The equipment with continuous or cyclic transmission

In this case, the equipment operates on a single sub-band or on multiple sub-bands but is constructed to operate on only one band and it can transmit signal continuously or periodically. .

Step 1: The continuous transmitter skips this step. For cyclic transmitters:

• The transmitter output power shall be paired through a combined diode detector or equivalent. The combined diode detector output will be connected to the vertical channel of the oscilloscope;
• The use of a combined diode detector and an oscilloscope must express information about the cycle and transmit ratio of the transmitter output signal;
• The transmission ratio of the transmitter (Tx on / (Tx on + Tx off)) will be recorded in the test report.

Step 2:

• The RF output power is measured with a wideband RF power tester using a thermal detector or equivalent with a integral period of more than 5 times the transmitter trigger cycle. The measured RF power is expressed in A (dBm);
• In case of conduction test on a smart antenna system with multiple sub-antennas of simultaneous transmitting, the output power of each sub-branch is measured separately to determine the total RF output power of the equipment;

Step 3:

• The RF output power at the peak power Ph (E.I.R.P) is determined from the above measured power A (dBm), the supervising cycle X, the antenna gain G (dBi) and the beamforming gain Y (dBi ) ) if any, use this technique as follows:

P_h = A + G + Y + 10 X lg(1/x), dBm                     (4)

If multiple antennas are used, the highest antenna gain value will be used.

• P_h value will be compared against the limit in Table 2.

Case 2: The equipment is not capable of continuous transmitting and can only transmit signals on one sub-band.

In this case, the equipment may use multiple sub-bands, but can only transmit signals on one band at a time. In addition, the equipment can also transmit signals on multiple sub-bands simultaneously, but is configured to transmit signals on only one sub-band.

Step 1:

• Take signal sample transmitted from the equipment with a suitable quick-measuring sensor of 6 GHz frequency range. Record test samples to determine the RMS power of the signal.
• Make settings as follows:

• Sampling rate:≥10 ⁶ samples/s;
• Test period: at least 10 burst.

Step 2:

• For the equipment using a transmit branch: connect the power sensor to the transmitter port, sample the transmitted signal and save the test results for use in the next steps.
• For the equipment using multiple branches:

• Connect a power sensor to each transmitter port to measure all ports;
• Power sensor control for sampling is performed at the same time with an error of less than 500 ns;
• For each separate sampling point on the time domain, sum the power from all transmitter ports and save the results for use in the next steps.

Step 3:

• Find the start and end points of each burst in the saved test samples;

• The start and end points are determined respectively when the power is at least 30 dB less than the maximum power in the samples measured in step 2;
• If there is not a sufficiently large difference between the test samples, the limit value of 30 dB may be reduced to match;

Step 4:

• Calculate the RMS power of the burst between the start and end using the following expression:

where k is the number of samples.

• Express A (dBm) as the maximum P_burst value.

Step 5:

• RF output power (e.i.r.p) at peak power P_H is determined based on output power A (dBm), antenna gain G (dBi) and beamforming gain y (dBi) if the technique is used. this:

• P_h will be compared against the limit in Table 2 and recorded in the test report.

Case 3: The equipment that is not capable of transmitting continuously but simultaneously in the sub-bands:

• The equipment transmits signals simultaneously in the sub-bands but not configurable to transmit signals in only 1 sub-band;
• Take a peak power test in each sub-band, then measure the power variation and use the test results to determine the RF output power (e.i.r.p) in each sub-band.

Step 1: Measure the total peak power in the low sub-band

• Connect the UUT to the spectrum analyzer and set up the tester as follows:

• Start Frequency: 5 100 MHz;
• Stop Frequency: 5 400 MHz;
• Resolution bandwidth: 1 MHz;
• Video Bandwidth: 3 MHz;
• Detector Mode: Peak;
• Trace Mode: Max Hold;
• Sweep Time: Auto

• It should be ensured that the in background noise of the spectrum analyzer is at least 30 dB less than the peak envelope power. If this level cannot be guaranteed, the bandwidth of the power test channel should be reduced to a level close to the rated  bandwidth (about 10 % difference) to reduce the influence of background noise on the test results;
• When setting test parameters are completed, use the power test function to measure the total peak power of the transmitted signals in the band of 5 150 MHz to 5 350 MHz;
• For the equipment using multiple transmit branches, the above test procedure is applied to each operating branch. Test results will be recorded from all branches.

Step 2: Measure the total peak power in the high sub-band

• Set spectrum analyzer: Start Frequency is 5 420 MHz, Stop Frequency is 5 875 MHz;
• It should be ensured that the in background noise of the spectrum analyzer is at least 30 dB less than the peak envelope power. If this level cannot be guaranteed, the power test channel bandwidth should be reduced to a level close to the rated channel bandwidth (about 10 % difference) to reduce the influence of background noise on the test results;
• When setting test parameters are completed, use the power test function to measure the total peak power of the transmitted signals in the band of 5 470 MHz to 5 825 MHz;
• For the equipment using multiple transmit branches, the above test procedure is applied to each operating branch. Test results will be recorded from all branches.

Step 3: Determine the total peak power:

• Calculate the total peak power by adding the test results from step 1 and the test results from step 2;
• Some spectrum analyzers allow simultaneous test of peak power on both sub-bands and automatic calculation of the aggregate result.

Step 4: Measure the average total output power

• Take the equipment's transmitted signal with a suitable quick sensor in the 6 GHz band. The samples taken are the RMS values of the signal power;
• Test configuration:

• Sampling rate: ≥ 10 ⁶ samples/s;
• Test time: Long enough to have at least 10 transmit bursts;

• With the conduction test for the equipment using only one transmit branch: connect the power sensor to the output port of the equipment, take the sample of the transmitted signal and save the result for use in the next steps;
• With the conduction test for the equipment using multiple transmit branches:

• Connect a power sensor to each transmitter port to perform a synchronous test on all transmitter ports;
• For each sampling point, determine the total power of the measured samples on all ports and save the results for use in the next steps;

• Find the start and end of each burst in the saved test samples;

• The start and end points are determined respectively when the power is at least 30 dB less than the maximum power in the samples measured in step 2;
• If there is not a sufficiently large difference between the test samples, the limit value of 30 dB may be reduced to match;

• Calculate the RMS power of the burst between the start and end times using the following expression:

where k is the number of samples.

• The max P_burst value is the total average output power for use in the next steps.

Step 5: Determine the variable power ratio

• Use the peak power value in step 3 and the total average output power value in step 4 to calculate the variable power ratio (which is the ratio between peak power and average output power).

Step 6:

• The RF output power (e.i.r.p) at the peak power PH is determined for each sub-band based on the variation of the output power in step 5, peak power in each sub-band in step 1, step 2, antenna gain G (dBi) and beamforming gain Y (dBi) if this technique is used. In case of using multiple antennas, the total antenna gain of one branch (G or G + Y) will be used to make  the calculation:

- Ph values will be used to compare with the limits in Table 2.

The test is made under normal and critical conditions for the equipment using TPC. The equipment under test is configured to transmit at the lowest power level in the TPC range.

Case 1: The equipment with continuous or cyclic transmission

In this case, the equipment operates on a single sub-band o multiple sub-bands but is designed to operate on only one band and can transmit signals continuously or periodically. .

Step 1 and step 2 are similar to step 1 and step 2 in 3.2.4.2 where repeated test is not required for the cyclic test.

Step 3:

• The RF output power at the minimum power level Pl (e.i.r.p) is determined from the above measured power A (dBm), the supervising cycle X, the antenna gain G (dBi) and the beamforming gain Y (dBi ) ) if this technique is used as follows:

If multiple antennas are used, the highest antenna gain value will be used.

• Pl value will be compared with the limit in Table 3.

Case 2: The equipment is not capable of continuous transmitting and can only transmit signals on one sub-band.

In this case, the equipment can use multiple sub-bands, but transmitting is carried out in only one band at a time. In addition, the equipment can also transmit signals on multiple sub-bands simultaneously, but it is configured to transmit signals on only one sub-band.

Step 1, step 2, step 3, step 4 are similar to the respective steps in 3.2.4.2.

Step 5:

• The RF output power (e.i.rp) at the minimum power level Ph is determined based on the the output power A (dBm), antenna gain G (dBi) and beamforming gain Y (dBi) if using this technique:

PL value will be compared with the limit in Table 3 and recorded in the test report.

Case 3: The equipment is not capable of transmitting signals continuously but simultaneously in sub-bands:

• The equipment transmits signals simultaneously in the sub-bands but not configurable to transmit signals in only 1 sub-band;
• Measure peak power in each sub-band, then measure the power variation and use the test results to determine the RF output power (e.i.r.p) in each sub-band.

Step 1: Measure the total peak power in the low sub-band

• Connect the UUT to the spectrum analyzer and set up the tester as follows:

• Start Frequency: 5,100 MHz;
• Stop Frequency: 5,400 MHz;
• Resolution bandwidth: 1 MHz;
• Video Bandwidth: 3 MHz;
• Detector Mode: Peak;
• Trace Mode: Max Hold;
• Sweep Time: Auto

• It should be ensured that the in background noise of the spectrum analyzer is at least 30 dB less than the peak envelope power. If this level cannot be guaranteed, the power test  channel bandwidth should be reduced to a level close to the rated bandwidth (about 10 % difference) to reduce the influence of background noise on the test results;
• When setting test parameters are completed, use the power test function to measure the total peak power of the transmitted signals in the band of 5 150 MHz to 5 350 MHz;
• For the equipment using multiple transmit branches, the above test procedure is applied to each operating branch. Test results will be recorded from all branches.

Step 2: Measure the total peak power in the high sub-band

• Set  spectrum analyzer: Start Frequency is 5 420 MHz, Stop Frequency is 5 875 MHz;
• It should be ensured that the in background noise of the spectrum analyzer is at least 30 dB less than the peak envelope power. If this level cannot be guaranteed, the power test channel bandwidth should be reduced to a level close to the rated channel bandwidth (about 10 % difference) to reduce the influence of background noise on the test results;
• When setting test parameters are completed, use the power test function to measure the total peak power of the transmitted signals in the band of 5 470 MHz to 5 825 MHz;
• For the equipment using multiple transmit branches, the above test procedure is applied to each operating branch. Test results will be recorded from all branches.

Step 3: Determine the total peak power:

• Calculate the total peak power by summing the test results of the step 1 and the one of the step 2;
• Some spectrum analyzers allow simultaneous test of peak power on both sub-bands and automatic calculation of the result.

Step 4: Measure the average total output power

• Take the sample of the transmitted signal of the equipment with a suitable quick sensor in the 6 GHz band. The samples taken are the RMS values of the signal power;
• Test configuration:

• Sampling rate: > 10 ⁶ samples/s;
• Test time: long enough to have at least 10 bursts;

• With the conduction test for the equipment using only one transmit branch: connect the power sensor to the output port of the equipment, take the sample of the transmitted signal and save the result for use in the next steps;
• With the conduction test for the equipment using multiple transmit branches:

• Connect a power sensor to each transmitter port to perform a synchronous test on all transmitter ports;
• For each sampling point, determine the total power of the measured samples on all ports and save the results for use in the next steps;

• Find the start and end of each burst in the saved test samples;

• The start and end points are determined respectively when the power is at least 30 dB less than the maximum power in the samples measured in step 2;
• If there is not a sufficiently large difference between the test samples, the limit value of 30 dB may be reduced to match;

• Calculate the RMS power of the burst between the start and end times using the following expression:

where k is the number of samples.

- The max P_burst value is the total average output power for use in the next steps.

Step 5: Determine the variable power ratio

• Use the peak power value in step 3 and the total average output power value in step 4 to calculate the variable power ratio (which is the ratio between peak power and average output power).

Step 6:

• The RF output power (e.i.r.p) at the minimum power level Pl is determined for each sub-band based on the output power variation in step 5, peak power per subband in step 1, step 2 , antenna gain G (dBi) and beamforming gain Y (dBi) if this technique is used. In the case of multiple antennas, the total antenna gain of one arm (G or G + y) will be used to perform the calculation:

Pl values will be used to compare with the limits in Table 3.

The test is made under normal conditions. The UUT is configured to operate at the minimum rated channel bandwidth and has the maximum output power in the TPC range if using power control or the maximum declared power if not using TPC.

Case 1: Equipment with continuous or cyclic transmission

Step 1: Connect the UUT to the spectrum analyzer and set up the tester as follows:

• Center Frequency: frequency of the channel center to be measured;
• Resolution bandwidth: 1 MHz;
• Video Bandwidth: 3 MHz;
• Frequency Span: 2 times the rated channel bandwidth;
• Detector Mode: Peak;
• Trace Mode: Max Hold;

Step 2: When step 1 is completed, find the peak of the peak envelope power and record the respective frequency;

Step 3: Change the parameters on the spectrum analyzer as follows:

• Center Frequency: frequency of the channel center to be measured;
• Resolution bandwidth: 1 MHz;
• Video Bandwidth: 3 MHz;
• Frequency Span: 3 MHz;
• Sweep Time: 1 minute
• Detector Mode: RMS;
• Trace Mode: Max Hold;

Step 4:

• When the test is completed in step 3, save the results on display using the hold or view (View) function of the spectrum analyzer;
• Determine the peak value point and set the marker respective to this point and record the value as the maximum average power density D in the 1 MHz bandwidth;
• If the spectrum analyzer has a power density test function, use this function to immediately determine the test result (graph) of the power spectral density D, dBm/MHz;
• In the case of the smart antenna equipment with multiple antennas transmission at the same time, the power spectral density on each antenna branch shall be measured separately, and then the total power spectral density (D) for all antennas shall be determined. 

Step 5: The maximum power density (e.i.r.p) is determined based on the value D, cycle X, antenna gain G (dBi), beamforming gain (if any) Y dB according to the expression below. The calculated value will be recorded in the test report. If more than one transmit antenna branch is used, the maximum gain among the antennas shall be used in expression.

Case 2: The equipment without continuous and cyclic transmitting

Step 1:

• Connect UUT to the spectrum analyzer and set up the tester as follows:

• Start Frequency: lowest frequency of the sub-band to be measured (5 150 MHz or 5 470 MHz)
• Stop Frequency: the highest frequency of the sub-band to be measured (5 350 MHz or 5 825 MHz);
• Resolution bandwidth: 10 kHz;
• Video Bandwidth: 30 kHz;
• Sweep Points: >20 000 (low sub-band) or > 25 000 (high sub-band);
• Detector Mode: RMS;
• Trace Mode: Max Hold;
• Sweep Time: 30s;

• For intermittent signals, wait until the spectrum analyzer and its readings become stable. Save the test graph (data) to the file.

Step 2:

• With the test for the equipment with a smart antenna in operation mode 2 or 3 (see 3.1.5.2), repeat the test on each transmitter port. For each sampling point in the frequency domain, determine the total power measured from the transmitter ports. Record the results respective to the test points in the frequency domain.

Step 3: Determine the total power of all samples according to the expression below:

where k is the number of samples.

Step 4:

• Normalize the different power tests (dBm) so that the total measured power is equal to the RF output power (e.i.r.p) (Ph) measured in 3.2.4.2:

where n is the sample index.

Step 5: Sum the power samples P_samplecorr (n) from the starting test point (lowest frequency) to the end of the 1 MHz wide bandwidth segments and save the result with the respective sample index. This value is the power density (e.i.r.p) of the first 1 MHz band.

Step 6: Move up a template and perform the same procedure as step 2;

Step 7:

• Repeat the steps until the final sample and save the power density test on each 1 MHz band;
• The largest of the saved results is the maximum power density (e.i.r.p) of the equipment under test. This value shall meet the requirements in Table 2.

When testing a UUT test with a directional antenna (including smart directional antenna), the equipment under test is configured to the maximum power e.i.r.p level in the horizontal plane, this configuration will be saved for later use.

The respective tests and test method are the same as conduction ones in 3.2.4.2, 3.2.4.3, 3.2.4.4. However, there are a few differences to keep in mind when performing these tests as follows:

• Measure output power:

• When the equipment to be measured is in Case 1: Skip the G and Y values used in step 3;
• When the equipment to be measured is in Case 2: Skip the G and Y values used in step 5;
• When the equipment to be measured is in Case 3: Skip the G value and /use in step 6;

• Power density test: when the device to be measured is in Case 1, skip the G value used in step 5.

To measure the maximum and minimum RF output power, the measuring device is a spectrum analyzer or measuring receiver, not a broadband power sensor. In this regard, if the resolution bandwidth of the tester is less than the occupied channel bandwidth of the signal to be measured from the UUT, it should be clearly noted in the test report.

The tests in 2.4.1 are carried out under normal test conditions using the channels defined in 3.1.4.

The equipment to be tested is configured to operate in the event that it causes unwanted emissions out of the 5 GHz band at most.

If supported, the UUT to be tested shall be set up to transmit signals continuously during the test. If continuous transmitting is not supported, the UUT is configured to transmit signals with the highest duty cycle possible.

The test of unwanted emissions is expressed in one of the following quantities:

• Power on special load (conduction test) and radiated power (e.r.p or e.i.r.p as stated in 2.4.1) in the presence of radiation from the enclosure or physical construction of the equipment;
• Radiated power (e.r.p or e.i.r.p as stated in 2.4.1) in the presence of radiation from the enclosure and antenna.

The UUT is connected to a spectrum analyzer capable of measuring RF power. A pre-test sweep is performed to determine the potential for unwanted emissions of the UUT.

Step 1:

• The sensitivity of the spectrum analyzer is checked and set to ensure that the background noise is at least 12 dB less than the level stated in Table 4.

Step 2:

• Identify unwanted emissions in the range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz;
• Set the parameters of the spectrum analyzer as follows:

• Resolution bandwidth: 100 kHz
• Video bandwidth: 300 kHz
• Detector mode: Peak
• Trace mode: Max Hold
• Sweep Points: ≥ 9 700 (if spectrum analyzer does not support this setting, frequency band segmentation is possible). If the spectrum analyzer is capable of sweeping twice as many points as the minimum required, the frequency tuning to find the maximum emission in step 1 of 3.2.5.3 can be skipped.
• Sweep Time: if without continuous transmitting, the sweep time must be long enough so that in each step of 100 kHz resolution over the frequency band, the test time is greater than at least 2 consecutive transmissions of the UUT;

• Wait for the readings to become stable. Determine all emissions within 6 dB difference against of the level stated in Table 4 in 3.2.5.3.

Step 3:

• Identify unwanted emissions in the range of 1 GHz to 26 GHz;
• Set the parameters of the spectrum analyzer as follows:

• Resolution bandwidth: 1 MHz
• Video bandwidth: 3 MHz
• Detector mode: Peak
• Trace mode: Max Hold
• Sweep Points: ≥ 25 000 (if spectrum analyzer does not support this setting, frequency band segmentation is possible). If the spectrum analyzer is capable of sweeping twice as many points as the minimum required, the frequency tuning to find the maximum emission in step 1 of 3.2.5.3 can be skipped.
• Sweep Time: if without continuous transmitting, the sweep time must be long enough so that in each step of 1 MHz resolution over the frequency band, the test time is greater than at least 2 consecutive transmissions of the UUT;

•  Wait for the readings to become stable. Determine all emissions within 6 dB difference against of the level stated in Table 4 in 3.2.5.3.

The limits for unwanted emissions of the transmitter in 2.4.1 are applied to the average power levels.

The steps in this section are used to accurately determine the individual emissions that were detected by the pre-test procedure.

Depending on whether the transmitted signal is continuous or not, performs the following test:

• Continuous signal: the tester applies RMS detection mode on spectrum analyzer
• Discontinuous signal: the test is performed only when there is a signal transmitted in the burst.

Step 1:

• Set the parameters of the spectrum analyzer as follows:

• Center Frequency: the emission frequency stated in the pre-test procedure;
• Resolution bandwidth: 100 kHz (< 1GHz), 1 MHz (from 1 GHz);
• Video Bandwidth: 300 kHz (< 1 GHz), 3 MHz (from 1 GHz);
• Frequency Span: 0 Hz;
• Sweep Mode: Single Sweep;
• Sweep Time: enough to accommodate a transmit burst. Additional tests may be needed to determine burst duration. If the equipment under test transmits signals continuously, the Sweep Time is set to 30 ms;
• Sweep Point: equal to the sweep time value in µs (but not exceeding 30 000);
• Trigger: observation through images or manual operation;
• Detector: RMS;
• Trace Mode: Clear/Write;

• Tuning the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer to obtain the maximum emission in the burst transmission. This step can be skipped if the spectrum analyzer can sweep with a number of sweep points at least 2 times larger than the number of points required in the steps of the pre-test procedure.

Step 2:

• Adjust the signal receive level to select the highest emission;
• Set the window to coincide with the start and end of the burst transmission to measure RMS power in the time domain. If spurious emissions to be measured are caused by a continuous signal, the test window should be set to coincide with the start and end time of each sweep;
• Select and record the measured RMS power value, then compare with the limit in Table 4.

The test procedures in this section are performed for each emission determined by the pre-test procedure in 3.2.5.2.

In the case of equipment using a smart antenna with multiple transmit branches, the test is made on each active transmit branch. The test results are used to compare with the specification based on of the following two options:

• Option 1: the test results on each transmit branch at each 1 MHz band are summed and compared with the limit in Table 4;
• Option 2: the measured result on each transmit branch is 10 X Ig(Tch) lower ((Tch) is the number of simultaneous transmitting branches) than the limit in Table 4.

The test configuration is stated in Appendix A by connecting the spectrum analyzer to the antenna, and then measures it according to the procedure in 3.2.5.2, 3.2.5.3.

The performance tests in 2.4.2 are carried out under normal test conditions using the channels defined in 3.1.4.

The equipment to be tested is configured to operate in the event that it causes unwanted emissions in the 5 GHz RLAN band at most.

For the UUT equipment to be tested with or without a integral antenna but with a temporary antenna connector, preference should be given to conduction tests. Conversely, in case of the UUT with a integral antenna but without temporary antenna connector, a radiation test should be performed.

If the UUT uses a smart antenna system with multiple simultaneous transmit chain, tests are made on one of the transmit chains.

Case 1: The UUT with continuous transmitting

Test used for the UUT that is configured for continuous transmitting.

Step 1: determine the reference average power 

• Set the parameters of the spectrum analyzer as follows:

• Resolution bandwidth: 1 MHz
• Video bandwidth: 30 kHz
• Detector mode: Peak
• Trace mode: Video Average
• Sweep Time: Coupled;
• Center Frequency: the center frequency of the channel being transmitted by the UUT;
• Span: 2 X rated channel bandwidth.

• Use the Marker to find the maximum average power level in the measured envelope power. The determined level will be considered as the reference one.

Step 2: Determine the relative average power level

• Adjust the frequency range of the spectrum analyzer so that tests can be made in the bands of 5 150 MHz to 5 350 MHz and 5 470 MHz to 5 825 MHz. Other parameters on spectrum analyzer remain the same;
• Compare the measured relative power levels (reference levels determined in step 1) with the limits stated in 2.4.2.

Case 2: The UUT without continuous transmitting

Step 1: determine the reference average power level

• Set the parameters of the spectrum analyzer as follows:

• Resolution bandwidth: 1 MHz
• Video bandwidth: 30 kHz
• Detector mode: RMS
• Trace mode: Max Hold
• Sweep Time: ≥ 1 minute;
• Center Frequency: the center frequency of the channel being transmitted by the UUT;
• Span: 2 X rated channel bandwidth.

• Use the Marker to find the maximum average power level in the measured envelope power.  The determined level will be considered as the reference one.

Step 2: determine the relative average power level

• Adjust the frequency range of the spectrum analyzer so that tests can be made in the bands of 5 150 MHz to 5 350 MHz and 5 470 MHz to 5 825 MHz. Other parameters on spectrum analyzer remain the same;
• Compare the measured relative power levels (reference levels determined in step 1) with the limits stated in 2.4.2.

The radiation test uses the test configuration in Appendix A and the spectrum analyzer is connected to the test antenna. The test procedure is similar to that of 3.2.6.1.

Spurious emission of receiver is measured under normal operating conditions using the channels defined in 3.1.4.

For the equipment to be tested with multiple operating modes (see 3.1.5.2), tests made with all modes are not required.

Spurious emission of receiver can be measured and expressed by at least one of the following quantities:

• Power on special load (conduction test) and radiated power (e.r.p or e.i.r.p as stated in 2.4.1) in the presence of radiation from the enclosure or physical construction of the equipment;
• Radiated power (e.r.p or e.i.r.p as stated in 2.4.1) in the presence of radiation from the enclosure and antenna.

The tests in this section are performed when the receiver is configured to operate in continuous receive mode or in non-transmission mode.

A pre-test sweep is performed to determine the potential of the spurious emission of receiver of the UUT.

Step 1:

• The sensitivity of the spectrum analyzer is checked and set to ensure that the background noise is at least 12 dB less than the level stated in Table 5.

Step 2:

• Identify unwanted emissions in the band of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz;
• Set the parameters of the spectrum analyzer as follows:

• Resolution bandwidth: 100 kHz
• Video bandwidth: 300 kHz
• Detector mode: Peak
• Trace mode: Max Hold
• Sweep Points: ≥ 9 700 (if spectrum analyzer does not support this setting, frequency band segmentation is possible). If the spectrum analyzer is capable of sweeping twice as many points as the minimum required, the frequency tuning to find the maximum emission in step 1 of 3.2.5.3 can be skipped.
• Sweep Time: Auto;

• Wait for the readings to become stable. Determine all emissions within 6 dB difference against of the level stated in Table 5 in 3.2.7.3.

Step 3:

• Identify unwanted emissions in the band of 1 GHz to 26 GHz;
• Set the parameters of the spectrum analyzer as follows:

• Resolution bandwidth: 1 MHz
• Video bandwidth: 3 MHz
• Detector mode: Peak
• Trace mode: Max Hold
• Sweep Points: > 25 000 (if spectrum analyzer does not support this setting, frequency band segmentation is possible). If the spectrum analyzer is capable of sweeping twice as many points as the minimum required, the frequency tuning in step 1 of 3.2.7.3 can be skipped;
• Sweep Time: Auto;

• Wait for the readings to become stable. Determine all emissions within 6 dB difference against the Table 5 to perform the test in 3.2.7.3.

The limits for spurious emissions in 2.5.2 are applied to the average power levels.

The steps in this section are used to accurately determine the individual emissions detected by the pre-test procedure. The spectrum analyzer should be capable of measuring power in the time domain.

Step 1:

• Set the parameters of the spectrum analyzer as follows:

• Test Mode: Time Domain Power
• Center Frequency: the spurious emission frequency determined in the pre-test procedure;
• Resolution bandwidth: 100 kHz (< 1GHz), 1 MHz (from 1 GHz);
• Video Bandwidth: 300 kHz (< 1 GHz), 3 MHz (from 1 GHz);
• Frequency Span: 0 Hz;
• Sweep Mode: Single Sweep;
• Sweep Time: 30 ms;
• Sweep Point: ≥ 30 000;
• Trigger:  observation through images or manual operation;
• Detector: RMS;

• Tune the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer to receive the largest emission in the burst transmission. This step can be skipped if the spectrum analyzer can sweep with a number of sweep points at least 2 times larger than the number of points required in the steps in the pre-test procedure.

Step 2:

• Set the window to coincide with the start and end of the highest burst transmission and record the measured power value within this time window;
• If spurious emissions to be measured occur continuously, the test window should be set to coincide with the start and end of each sweep.
• Select and record the measured RMS power value, then compare with the limit in Table 4.

Step 3:

• In the case of the equipment using a smart antenna with multiple receive branches, the test is made on each active receiving branch;
• Determine the total power measured in the test window on the receiving branches.

Step 4:

The value determined in step 3 will be compared with the limit in Table 5.

The radiation test applies the configuration in Appendix A and the spectrum analyzer is connected to the test antenna. The test procedure is similar to that of 3.2.7.2 and 3.2.7.3.

The tests in this section are made under normal test conditions. The channel used for test meets the requirements in 3.1.4. The equipment under test is configured to operate at the highest output power.

The manufacturer shall declare the UUT as the initiator and/or responding device.

The manufacturer must declare the FFP used by the FBE.

All tests must be performed in the time domain with a resolution of less than µs.

The tester shall be able to supervise the UUT during a period of at least 250 ms with the aforementioned time resolution. If the data is written into separate segments, the FFP will be separated from each segment. The combination of all FFPs will be analyzed as per 3.2.8.5.

The test configuration is illustrated in Figure 5.

Figure 5 - FBE configuration - Conduction test

Step 1:

• The UUT connects to the relevant equipment during the test. The signal generator, spectrum analyzer, UUT, traffic source and related equipment are connected to each other as displayed in Figure 5 where the jamming signal generator is switched off. The spectrum analyzer is used to supervise the transmitted signal of the UUT under the influence of noise. The traffic source can be a part of the structure of the UUT.
• The level of the received signal (wanted signal) at the UUT shall be sufficient to assure and maintain a reliable connection during the test. The typical received signal value in most cases is -50 dBm/MHz.
• Set the following parameters of the spectrum analyzer:

• RBW: ≥ occupied channel bandwidth (or the highest value of spectrum analyzer if the above requirements are not met);
• VBW: ≥ RBW (or the highest value of spectrum analyzer if the above requirements are not met);
• Detector Mode: RMS;
• Center Frequency: UUT’s operating channel frequency;
• Span: 0 Hz;
• Sweep Time: > 2 X COT;
• Trace Mode: Clear/Write;
• Trigger Mode: Video or RF/IF Power.

Step 2:

• Configure the traffic source in such manner that the UUT buffer can ensure available data queued for transmit (referred to as a buffer transmit ready condition) to the relevant device. If  it is impossible to configure like this, the UUT shall be configured to have the maximum COT time within the FFP;
• To avoid the influence of traffic reversal on the test results, the traffic source used is the non-return source.

Step 1: Set up a connection

• The UUT is configured to operate in single-channel mode (using only 1 operating channel);

Step 2: Connect the jamming signal

• One of three jamming signals as described in B.7 is fed into the operating channel of the UUT. The bandwidth of the jamming signal contains the operating channel as well. The jamming signal level at the UUT input is equal to the ED Threshold Level defined in 2.6.1.

Step 3: Verify the equipment’s response to the jamming signal

• Spectrum analyzer is used to supervise the transmitted signal of the UUT on the operating channel after the input of jamming signal. Spectrum analyzer shall sweep to detect any jamming signal;
• Verify the following requirements according to the procedure in 3.2.8.6:

• The UUT does not transmit signals on the operating channel for the FFP following the first CCA procedure after the jamming signal has been introduced. The UUT is allowed to transmit a short control signal (Short Control Signaling Transmit) on the operating channel;
• Apart from a short control signal, the UUT shall not transmit other signals in the presence of an jamming signal;
• The short control signal shall satisfy the requirements of 2.6.3. Verifying the response to short control signals may require a parameter change on the spectrum analyzer;

• To verify that the UUT does not transmit a normal signal (other than a short signal) in the presence of jamming signal, the supervising time shall be 60 s or longer if the test segment is required to meet the resolution requirement;
• When the test has been completed and the jamming signal has been removed, the UUT can be resumed on the operating channel, but no further verification is required.

Step 4:

Repeat steps 2 and 3 for other jamming signals in B.7.

Step 1: Establish a connection

• The UUT is configured to operate from 2 to 6 consecutive 20 MHz channels, the number of channels used is recorded in the Test Report;
• Verify UUT has started transmitting on operating channels

Step 2: Introduce jamming signal

• Jamming signal (see B.1.1) is enabled;
• The frequency and bandwidth of the jamming signal shall be sufficient to accommodate all operating channels used. In addition, the test can be performed by introducing jamming signals in turn with sufficient frequency and bandwidth to accommodate each operating channel only;
• The jamming signal level at the UUT input shall be equal to the ED Threshold Level (TL) defined in 2.6.1.

Step 3: Verify the equipment's response to the jamming signal

• Spectrum analyzer is used to supervise the transmitted signal of the UUT on the operating channel after the input of jamming signal. Spectrum analyzer shall sweep to detect any  jamming signal;
• Verify  the following requirements according to the procedure in 3.2.8.6:

• The UUT does not transmit signal on the operating channel set in step 1 for the FFP following the first CCA procedure after the jamming signal has been detected. The UUT is allowed to transmit a short control signal (Short Control Signaling Transmit) on the operating channel;
• UUT shall not transmit other signals in the presence of jamming signals ;
• The short control signal shall satisfy the requirements of 2.6.3. Verifying the response to short control signals may require a parameter change on the spectrum analyzer;

• To verify that the UUT does not transmit a normal signal (other than a short signal) in the presence of jamming signal, the supervising time shall be 60 s or longer if the test segment is required to meet the resolution requirement;
• When the test has been completed and the jamming signal has been removed, the UUT can be resumed on the operating channel, but no further verification is required.

This section specifies the test procedure to verify compliance with the COT parameter and the idle period used in the channel access.

Step 1: similar to step 1 in 3.2.8.2.

Step 2: similar to step 2 in 3.2.8.2.

Step 3: Record transmit parameters.

• Record start time and transmit period, start time and rest time between transmissions on the operating channel;
• Express tx as the time when the UUT starts, dx is the time the operating channel is in use. i_y is the start time, g_y  is the time the channel is unused. Figure 6 shows these parameters.

Step 4: Measure Un-Occupied Period and COT

• The COT is defined as (t _h +d _h-t_c ) with t_c<t_h, if, in the time period [t_c ,t_h +d_n] , all the time periods g_y when the operating channel has no signal transmitted are not greater than 16 µs. As defined in 2.6.1, in each COT there may be one or more transmissions by the UUT;
• Using the values recorded in step 3, the values of the COT and the un-occupied periods can be determined. The un-occupied period is the period between different transmissions of the UUT with a value not greater than 18 µs. The periods greater than this value are considered to be within the COT.

Step 5: Determine FFP

• Based on the test results in step 4 and the UUT's FFP declaration, it is possible to determine the start and end times of each FFP;
• The un-occupied period immediately preceding the start of the FFP is called the idle period of the previous FFP as defined in 2.6.1.

g _e >16µs Occupied channel O_y consists of many transmit lines g_h >16 µs

The period of occupied channel o_y is (t_h+d_h -t_e)

Figure 6 -Progress on UUT

Step 6: Verify that the requirements are satisfied

• Use the results in step 5 to evaluate the conformity of the determined parameters to the maximum COT and minimum idle period in each used FFP.

This section covers a general test procedure for determining whether a signal is transmitted on the operating channel under test. This procedure is to be used only as part of the procedure in the foregoing sections.

Step 1:

• Set the parameters of the spectrum analyzer as follows:

• Center Frequency: The center frequency of the channel under test;
• Frequency Span: 0 Hz
• RBW: about 50% of occupied channel bandwidth (if this level is not supported, use the highest RBW);
• VBW: ≥ RBW (if spectrum analyzer is not supported, select the largest VBW that can be set);
• Detector Mode: RMS;
• Sweep Time: > 2 X COT;
• Sweep Points: at least one point in 1 µs;
• Trace Mode: Clear/Write;
• Trigger: Video or RF/IF Power.

Step 2:

• Save the measured data to a file to perform the analysis by PC using the appropriate software.

Step 3:

• Identify data points to be analyzed using detection thresholds;
• Count the number of consecutive data points identified as the result of a single transmitted signal on the channel being evaluated and multiply this number by the time period between two consecutive data points. Repeat this over the entire test window;
• When measuring idle or quiet periods, count the number of consecutive data points from a transmit pause on the channel being evaluated and multiply this number by the time period between two consecutive data points. Repeat this over the entire test window.

The jamming signal generator output power shall be adequate so that the antenna input power of the UUT is equal to the ED Threshold Level in 2.6.1.

When radiation tests are performed on a UUT with a directional antenna (including a smart antenna and a beamforming antenna), the connection between the UUT and the associated equipment and radar signal that are generated shall be aligned with the maximum radiation direction of the antenna used by the UUT.

The test configuration in Appendix A and the associated test procedure in Appendix B will be used during the UUT test. The radiation test procedure is the same as for the conduction test.

The UUT that can operate in Supervising and Supervised mode must be measured in both modes.

The manufacturer must declare the following information:

• UUT’s ability to use Note 1 of Table 7 or Note 1 of Table 8;
• UTT’s ability to use Note 2 of Table 7 if the UUT is a supervising and a supervised device;
• UUT is an initiator and/or responding device;
• The highest performance level according to the UUT theory;
• Priority Classes are used by the UUT.

All tests should be performed with a time resolution not exceeding 1µs.

The tester shall be capable of supervising the UUT for at least 10 000 COTs with the resolution required above. The saved data may be segmented. The COTs will then be separated from the saved data segments. The analysis and assessment of COT is carried out according to procedure 3.2.8.11.

The priority class used in the test is selected as follows:

• If Priority Class 2 is available (and possibly other priority classes are present), the UUT shall be measured against the respective Priority Class 2 requirements as stated in Table 7 and Table 8;
• If Priority Class 2 is not used but Priority Class 1 (or other priority classes) is used, the UUT shall be measured against the respective Priority Class 1 requirements as stated in Table 1, Table 1. 7 and Table 8;
• If Priority Classes 1,2 are not used but Priority Class 3 (or 4) is used, the UUT shall be measured against the respective Priority Class 3 requirements as stated in Table 1, Table 7 and Table 8;
• If only Priority Class 4 is used, the UUT shall be measured against the respective Priority Class 4 requirements as stated in Table 1, Table 7 and Table 8;

Figure 7 shows an example diagram of conduction test.

Figure 7 - Diagram of conduction test method of LBE

The assessment of the equipment’s adaption is carried out with the following procedures.

Step 1:

• The UUT connects to the relevant equipment during the test. The signal generator, spectrum analyzer, UUT, traffic source and related equipment are connected to each other as displayed in Figure 7, where the jamming signal generator is switched off. The spectrum analyzer is used to supervise the transmitted signal of the UUT under the influence of jamming signal. The traffic source can be a part of the structure of the UUT;
• The level of the received signal (wanted signal) at the UUT shall be sufficient to ensure and maintain a reliable connection during the test. The value of the receive signal level in most cases is -50 dBm/MHz.
• Set the following parameters of the spectrum analyzer:

• RBW: ≥ occupied channel bandwidth (or the highest value of spectrum analyzer if the above requirements are not met);
• VBW: ≥ 3 X RBW (or the highest value of spectrum analyzer if the above requirements are not met);
• Detector Mode: RMS;
• Center Frequency: operating channel frequency of the UUT;
• Span: 0 Hz;
• Sweep Time: > 2 X COT;
• Trace Mode: Clear/Write;
• Trigger Mode: Video or RF/IF Power.

Step 2:

• Configure the traffic source in such manner that the UUT buffer can ensure available data queued for transmit (referred to as a buffer transmit ready condition) to the relevant device. If  it is impossible to configure like this, the UUT shall be configured to have the maximum COT time within the FFP;
• To avoid the influence of traffic reversal on the test results, the traffic source used is the non-return source.

Step 1: Set up a connection

• The UUT is configured to operate in single-channel mode (using only 1 operating channel);

Step 2: Connect the jamming signal

• One of three jamming signals as described in B.7 is fed into the operating channel of the UUT. The bandwidth of the jamming signal contains the operating channel as well. The jamming signal level at the UUT input is equal to the ED Threshold Level defined in 2.6.2.

Step 3: Verify the equipment’s response to the jamming signal

• Spectrum analyzer is used to supervise the transmitted signal of the UUT on the operating channel after the input of jamming signal. Spectrum analyzer shall sweep to detect any jamming signal;
• Verify the following requirements according to the procedure in 3.2.8.17:

•  The UUT stops transmitting on the operating channel for a period equal to the maximum value of the COT respective to the Priority Class being used under test (see Table 7, Table 8). The UUT is allowed to transmit a short control signal on the operating channel as further requirements;
• Apart from a short control signal, the UUT shall not transmit other signals in the presence of an jamming signal;
• The short control signal shall satisfy the requirements of 2.6.3. Verifying the response to short control signals may require a parameter change on the spectrum analyzer;

• To verify that the UUT does not transmit a normal signal (other than a short signal) in the presence of jamming signal, the supervising time shall be 60 s or longer if the test segment is required to meet the resolution requirement;
• When the test has been completed and the jamming signal has been removed, the UUT can be resumed on the operating channel, but no further verification is required.

Step 4:

• Repeat steps 2 and 3 for other jamming signals in B.7.

 Step 1: Establish a connection

• The UUT is configured to operate from 2 to 6 consecutive 20 MHz channels, the number of channels used is recorded in the Test Report;
• Verify UUT has started transmitting on operating channels

Step 2: Introduce jamming signal

• Jamming signal (see B.1.1) is enabled;
• The frequency and bandwidth of the jamming signal shall be sufficient to accommodate all operating channels used. In addition, the test can be performed by introducing jamming signals in turn with sufficient frequency and bandwidth to accommodate each operating channel only;
• The jamming signal level at the UUT input shall be equal to the ED Threshold Level (TL) defined in 2.6.2.

Step 3: Verify the equipment's response to the jamming signal

• Spectrum analyzer is used to supervise the transmitted signal of the UUT on the operating channel after the input of jamming signal. Spectrum analyzer shall sweep to detect any  jamming signal;
• Verify  the following requirements according to the procedure in 3.2.8.17:

• The UUT does not transmit signals on all operating channels set up in step 1 with jamming signal for a period equal to the maximum value of the COT respective to the Priority Class level being used under test (see Table 7, Table 8). The UUT is allowed to transmit a short control signal on the operating channel as further requirements;
• UUT shall not transmit other signals in the presence of jamming signals ;
• The short control signal shall satisfy the requirements of 2.6.3. Verifying the response to short control signals may require a parameter change on the spectrum analyzer;

• To verify that the UUT does not transmit a normal signal (other than a short signal) in the presence of jamming signal, the supervising time shall be 60 s or longer if the test segment is required to meet the resolution requirement;
• When the test has been completed and the jamming signal has been removed, the UUT can be resumed on the operating channel, but no further verification is required.

Step 1: Establish a connection

• The UUT is configured to operate on the 40 MHz multiplex operating channel. One of the two 20 MHz channels constituting the multiplex is called the main operating channel (see 2.6.2);
• Verify the UUT has started transmitting on the operating channels.

Step 2: Introduce jamming signal

• Jamming signal (see B1) is enable
• The frequency and bandwidth of the jamming signal must be such that it contains only the  20 MHz operating sub-channel and not the main 20 MHz operating channel;
• The jamming signal level at the UUT input shall be equal to the ED Threshold Level (TL) defined in 2.6.2.

Step 3: Verify the equipment’s response to jamming signal

• Spectrum analyzer is used to supervise the transmitted signal of the UUT on the operating channel after the input of the jamming signal. The spectrum analyzer shall sweep to   detect any jamming signal;
• Verify the following requirements according to the procedure in 3.2.8.17:

• The UUT stops transmitting signal on the jamming 20 MHz sub-channel for a period equal to the maximum value of the COT respective to the Priority Class under test (see Table 7, Table 8). The UUT is allowed to transmit a short control signal on the operating sub-channel as further requirements;
• Apart from the short control signal, the UUT shall not transmit other signals on the  20 MHz operating sub-channel in the presence of an jamming signal;
• The short control signal shall satisfy the requirements of 2.6.3. Verifying the response to short control signals may require a parameter change on the spectrum analyzer;

• To verify that the UUT does not transmit normal signals (other than short signal) on the  20 MHz operating sub-channel in the presence of jamming signal, the supervising time shall be 60 s or longer if a test segment is required to meet the resolution;
• When the test has been completed and the jamming signal has been removed, the UUT can be resumed on the 20 MHz operating sub-channel, but no further verification is required.

This section specifies the test procedure to verify the channel access used by the UUT.

Step 1: Similar to step 1 in 3.2.8.9.

Step 2:

• Similar to step 2 in 3.2.8.9;
• If the UUT is used according to Note 1 in Table 7, the following should be noted:

• Configure the second traffic source to exceed the theoretical one of the equipment involved. The second source of traffic will be buffered by the relevant equipment so that this equipment always has data in the queue (full buffer) to send to the UUT;
• During the test, the supervising device will give one or more authorizations for each COT parameter. For each COT, only one quiet period of at least 100 µs will be used.

Step 3: Record transmit parameters.

• Record start time and transmit period, start time and rest time between transmissions on the operating channel;
• Express tx as the time when the UUT starts, dx is the time the operating channel is in use. i_y is the start time, g_y  is the time the channel is unused.
• Figure 8 shows these parameters.

g _e >25µs Occupied channel O_y consists of many transmit lines g_h >25 µs

The period of occupied channel o_y is (t_h+d_h -t_e)

Figure 8 - Time periods

Step 4: Measure idle period and COT

• The COT is defined as (t _h +d _h-t_c ) with t_c<t_h, if, in the time period [t_c ,t_h +d_n] , all the time periods g_y when the operating channel has no signal transmitted are not greater than 25 µs. As defined in 2.6.2, in each COT there may be one or more transmissions by the UUT;
• Using the values recorded in step 3, the values of the COT and the idle periods can be determined. The idle period is the period between different transmissions of the UUT with a value greater than 27 µs. 
• Compared with the value of idle period (25 µs), the value of 27 µs is used in this test to account for the test error.

Step 5: Classification of idle periods

• Let k be a natural number;
• Assign all idle periods to one of k + 1 container groups. The value of k depends on the level of Priority Class used by the test. Each container group is represented by Bn, 0< n < k:

• If the Priority Class is 1, k = 16 and the container groups are denoted with Bo,...,B16
• If Priority Class  is 2:

+ If the UUT uses Note 2 in Table 7, k= 32 and the groups contain the symbols Bo,..., B32;

+ If the UUT does not use Note 2 in Table 7, k = 16 and the container groups are denoted with Bo,...,B16;

• If Priority Class is 3, k= 8 and the container groups are denoted with Bo, ..., B8,
• If Priority Class is 4, k = 4 and the container groups are denoted with Bo, ..., B4;
• If Priority Class is 1, the container group Bn is determined as follows:

- If Priority Class is 2, the container group Bn is determined as follows:

• If the UUT is a supervising device, use Note 2 in Table 7:

• If the UUT is a supervised device or a UUT is a supervising device without using Note 2 in Table 7:

- If Priority Class is 3, the container group Bn is determined as follows:

• If the UUT is a supervised device:

• If the UUT is a supervising device:

- If Priority Class is 4, the container group Bn is determined as follows:

• If the UUT is a supervised device:

• If the UUT is a supervising device:

Step 6: Calculate the idle period probability

• Let H(B_n) be the number of idle periods in the container group Bn,
• Let E be the number of observed idle periods. Then:

Calculate observed probability as follows:

• Let p(n) be the probability that the idle period is less than the upper limit of the container group B_n:  p(n) = p(Idle Period< Upper limit of B_n)
• For each value of n, 0 ≤ n ≤ k:

- Evaluate the UUT’s compliance with the maximum probability as follows:

• If Priority Class is 1, each probability p(n) of idle period in each container group [Bo,… Bn] must not be greater than the following maximum probability:

If Priority Class is 2, each probability p(n) of the idle period in each container group [Bo, ...., Bn] must not be greater than the following maximum probability:

+ If the UUT uses Note 2 of Table 7:

+ If the UUT does not use Note 2 of Table 7:

+ If the UUT uses Note 1 of Table 7:

• If Priority Class is 3, each probability p(n) of idle period in each container group [Bo,

..., Bn] must not be greater than the following maximum probability:

• If Priority Class is 4, each probability p(n) of idle period in each container group [Bo,…,Bn] must not be greater than the following maximum probability:

In option B, instead of taking tests in 3.2.8.13, the manufacturer is allowed to declare conformity to the requirements in 2.6.2.

The following steps are used to verify the maximum COT value used by the UUT.

An occupied channel includes information transmitted from the UUT and may also include information transmitted from the associated equipment. COT values are determined through step 4 in 3.2.8.13. They shall be recorded in the Test Report.

The configuration in step 2 of 3.2.8.9 will allow the UUT to be in the mode of operation with maximum COT.

The UUT must satisfy the COT maximum limit requirement under the following conditions:

• If the Priority Class is 1, the COT is not greater than 6 ms;
• If the Priority Class is 2, the COT should not be greater than the followings:

• 6 ms if the UUT uses Note 1 in Table 7;
• 10 ms if the UUT uses Note 2 in Table 7;
• 6 ms if the UUT does not use Note 2 in Table 7;

• If the Priority Class is 3, the COT is not greater than 4 ms;
• If the Priority Class is 4, the COT is not greater than 2 ms;

In option B, instead of tests in 3.2.8.15, the manufacturer is allowed to declare conformity to the requirements in 2.6.2.

This section covers a general test procedure for determining whether a signal is transmitted on the operating channel under test. This procedure is to be used only as part of the procedure in the foregoing.

Step 1:

• Set parameters of the spectrum analyzer as follows:

• Center Frequency: The center frequency of the channel to be tested;
• Frequency Span: 0 Hz
• RBW: about 50% of occupied channel bandwidth (if this level is not supported, use the highest RBW);
• VBW: ≥ RBW (if spectrum analyzer is not supported, select the maximum VBW that can be set);
• Detector Mode: RMS;
• Sweep Time: > 2 X COT;
• Sweep Points: at least one point in 1 µs;
• Trace Mode: Clear/write;
• Trigger: Video or RF/IF Power.

Step 2:

• Save the measured data to a file to perform the analysis by PC using the appropriate software.

Step 3:

• Identify data points to be analyzed using detection thresholds;
• Count the number of consecutive data points identified as the result of a single transmit signals on the channel under evaluation and multiply this by the time difference between two consecutive data points. Repeat this over the entire test window;
• When measuring idle or silence periods, count the number of consecutive data points from a transmit pause on the channel under evaluation and multiply this number by the time period between two consecutive data points Repeat this over the entire test window.

The jamming signal generator output power shall be adequate so that the antenna input power of the UUT is equal to the ED Threshold Level (TL) in 2.6.2.

When radiation tests are performed on a UUT with a directional antenna (including a smart antenna and a beamforming antenna), the connection between the UUT and the associated equipment and a radar signal that are generated shall be aligned with the maximum radiation direction of the antenna used by the UUT.

The test configuration in Appendix A and the associated test procedure in Appendix B will be used during the UUT test. The radiation test procedure is the same as for the conduction test.

3.2.9. Receiver blocking feature

Tests are made under normal conditions.

The test channel is used as stated in 3.1.4.

UUT operates in normal mode.

UUT is capable of automatic frequency change (adaptive channel allocation), this feature shall be prevented from being used during test.

If the equipment can be configured to operate with different occupied channel bandwidths, different data rates, the test shall require the use of the smallest occupied channel bandwidth and the lowest data rate. It shall meet the performance requirements in 2.7 and the manufacturer's declaration in 3.2.1. These requirements shall be recorded in the Test Report.

For systems using multiple receiver branches, only one branch is selected for test. All other branches are blocked.

Figure 9 shows the test scheme used with the receiver blocking. The equipment involved may require the use of an isolated room or special space to protect against the bad impacts on tests. 

Figure 9 - Receiver blocking test configuration

The receiver blocking test is performed as follows.

Step 1:

• The UUT is set to the first operating frequency for test.

Step 2:

• The blocking signal generator is set to the first frequency as displayed in Table 9.

Step 3:

• With the blocking signal generator turned off, establish a connection between the UUT and the associated equipment according to the test scheme shown in Figure 8. Adjust the attenuator in increments of 1 dB until the required performance is maintained. The wanted signal at the UUT input is P_min,
• Increase the minimum level (Pmin) to 6 dB to feed to the receiver input of the UUT.

Step 4:

• The blocking signal level at the UUT input is set to the respective level in Table 9. Record the test performance results and evaluate whether the UUT meets the performance requirements in 2.7;
• If its performance is still guaranteed, increase the level of the blocking signal further until it is below the minimum one. The maximum blocking signal when the performance is not lower than the minimum required level shall be recorded in the Test Report;

Step 5:

• Repeat step 4 for each frequency and level combination in Table 9.

Step 6:

• Repeat steps 2 to 5 for the UUT on other operating frequencies to evaluate the receiver's blocking performance.

When performing radiation tests for equipment using a specific antenna, the tests are made separately for each antenna used.

The test uses the scheme in Appendix A and the test procedure in Appendix B in combination with the same procedure as stated in 3.2.9.2.

The signal level causing receiver blocking at the UUT is considered to be the one before the antenna of the UUT. The UUT is arranged and positioned so that the main beam direction of the antenna coincides with the radiation direction of the blocking signal. The position and orientation of the UUT are recorded in the Test Report.

4. REGULATORY MANAGEMENT

The 5 GHz radio equipment covered by 1.1 must conform to this Regulation.

5. RESPONSIBILITIES OF ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS

Relevant organizations and individuals are responsible for obtaining certification and announcing the conformity of 5 GHz radio equipment according to regulations on certification and announcement of conformity for specialized products and goods in information and communication technology industry and subject to inspection by state agencies in accordance with applicable law.

6. ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION
   1. 1. The Telecommunication Authority, the Authority of Radio Frequency Management and the provincial Departments of Information and Communications are responsible for guiding deployment and management of 5 GHz radio equipment in accordance with this Regulation.
   2. 2. This regulation is applied as replacement for the National Technical Regulation QCVN 65:2013/BTTTT, "National Technical Regulation on radio access equipment in 5 GHz band ".
   3. 3. In case the terms and provisions of this Regulation are changed, supplemented or replaced, such new terms and provisions shall be applied.

Appendix A
(Normative)
Radiation test site and scheme

A.1. Overview

This appendix introduces the three most common test sites and test kits used in radiation tests as defined by this standard.

• Open-area test site (OATS)
• Semi-Absorption Room (SAR)
• Full Absorption Room (FAR)
• Test kit for relative test
• Signal jamming signal used for adaptability tests

A.2. Radiation test location

A.2.1. Open-area test site (OATS)

The open-area test site consists of a turntable at one end and a height-adjustable antenna at the other end, both located on a surface, which in the ideal case is a good conductivity and infinite expansion one. In fact, it is possible to create a surface with good conductivity, but not with infinite expansion. Figure A.1 describes a typical open-area test site.

Figure A.1 - Typical open-area test site

Ground creates the echo line. Then the receiving antenna will receive the signal from the direct transmit line and the echo line. Combination of signal lines is affected by the antenna placement height due to the altered phase of the echo line.

The antenna turntable allows changing the height above the ground surface from 1 to 4 m so that the antenna test site is optimal, ensuring communication between the antennas in the test site.

The antenna turntable shall be capable of rotating up to 360° in the horizontal plane when used for measuring UUTs located 1.5 m above the ground surface.

The distances between antenna placements will be shown in A.2. Distance data will be recorded in the Test Report.

A.2.2. Semi-absorbent room (quiet room/anechoic room)

The room has a special structure with inner insulation materials capable of absorbing radio waves and eliminating echo. Inside the quiet room, the instrument consists of an antenna system on one end and a turntable on the other end, which can be used to mount the equipment to be tested as displayed in Figure A.2.

The special construction and materials of the quiet room minimize background noise and the impact of other factors on the test results.

The distance of the instrument placement and the size of the quiet room shall meet the requirements in A.2.

Figure A.2 - Typical anechoic room

A.2.3. Fully Absorption Room (FAR)

Enclosed, normally shielded box, the inner walls, floors and ceilings are lined with radio-absorbing material. The room usually consists of an antenna at one end and a turntable at the other end. It is described in Figure A.3.

Figure A.3 - Typical absorption room

Insulation and radio-absorbing materials of the room create a controlled environment for test purposes. This type of test room attempts to simulate free space conditions.

The insulation material provides a test space with reduced levels of jamming signal from ambient signals and other external impacts, while the radio-absorbing material minimizes unwanted echo from walls and ceilings that can affect test results. Insulation material must be sufficient to prevent jamming signal. The insulation material must be able to eliminate jamming signal from the ambient environment and protect any signal to be measured

The turntable can be rotated 360° in the horizontal plane and it is used to support the test   EUT at a suitable height (e.g. 1 m) above the surface of the absorbing material.

Minimum measuring distances and chamber dimensions can be found in A.2.4. The distance used in the actual test shall be recorded with the test result.

A.2.4. Measuring distance

The distance to perform the UUT test is chosen in such manner that the UUT is located in the far field area of the test antenna. The minimum distance between the equipment to be tested (UUT) and the antenna is r_m ≥ D² /, where:

λ: wavelength, in m;

r_m : minimum distance between UUT and receiving antenna, in m;

D: Maximum physical size of the maximum opening of the antenna installed for test,    is the distance between the outer boundary of the near-field emission (Eresnel zone) and the inner boundary of the far field emission (the Fraunhofer zone), in m and also called the Rayleigh distance.

For tests where the required distance cannot be guaranteed, these factors should be recorded in the Test Report.

A.3. Antenna

A.3.1. Measuring antenna

The test antenna is used to measure waves from the UUT and from the sub-antennas. If it is required to measure the receiver, this antenna is used to transmit signal.

The test antenna is attached to the mounting system and can be used with horizontal or vertical polarization. In addition, for open-area tests, the antenna height must be large enough, about 1 to 4 m.

Depending on the frequency range to be measured, the antenna should be selected to fully meet the requirements for receive/transmit in such frequency range.

A.3.2. Sub-Antenna

The sub-antenna is used instead of the UUT in several additional tests.

The sub-antenna is selected to fully meet the receive/transmit requirements in the frequency range to be measured.

The placement of the sub-antenna coincides with the center of the UUT if the UUT uses a integral antenna, or the point where the external antenna is connected to the UUT if the UUT uses an external antenna.

The distance between the lowest point of the sub-antenna and the ground shall not be less than 30 cm. Before use, the sub-antenna must be calibrated against the reference antenna. The reference antenna in the frequency range below 1 GHz is a half-wave dipole antenna and the reference antenna in the frequency range above 1 GHz is an isotropic radiation antenna.

A.4. Test kit

A.4.1. Introduction

Conduction tests can be applied to the equipment providing a temporary antenna connection, for example to a spectrum analyzer.

If a integral antenna has no antenna connector, a test kit is used to make relative tests at critical temperature.

A.4.2. Description of the test kit

The test kit shall provide a means of connection to the radio frequency output.

The rated impedance of the external connection to the test kit shall be 50 Ω at the operating frequencies of the equipment.

The performance characteristics of the test kit under normal and critical conditions shall be:

1. The  attenuation must be limited to ensure a full operating range;
2. The frequency-paired attenuation shall not cause an error of more than ±2 dB;
3. The test kit does not include any non-linear elements.

A.4.3. Use the test kit for relative tests.

Steps 1 to 4 below describe the procedure for performing relative tests for these requirements in case the test needs to be repeated at different temperatures:

Step 1:

Carry out the tests under normal conditions in one test point for radiation tests as described in appendix A.2. As a result, the absolute value is recorded.

Step 2:

Place the equipment to be tested with the test kit in the temperature room. Perform the same test at normal conditions in this environment and normalize the instruments to obtain the same values as stated in step 1.

Step 3:

Care should be taken that the couplings of the test kit remain unchanged throughout the test.

Step 4:

The test is repeated for the critical temperature conditions. Due to the normalization performed in step 2, the values obtained are the test results for this requirement.

A.5. Guidelines for radiation test

This section describes in detail the procedures, instrument scheme and checks that must be performed prior to any radiation test. These procedures are common to the types of Test Sites described in this appendix.

UUTs are placed standalone or mounted on a non-conductive support.

A.5.1. Battery as only supply for UUT 

In the case of a battery-only UUT, the priority is to perform the test using the UUT's pin.

The test shall have the power leads connected to the power supply ends of the UUT (and checked with a digital voltmeter) and electrically isolated from the rest of the equipment by possible tape wrapping around its contact.

The presence of these power leads may affect the test. For this reason, they need to be made "transparent" as far as test is concerned (e.g. they can be twisted together, loaded with ferrite beads...).

A.5.2. Layout

Cables terminated to the test antenna and the substitution antenna shall be suitably arranged to minimize jamming signal with the test.

A.6. Signal pairing

The presence of test leads (not combined with the UUT for normal operation) in the radiated field can cause jamming signal to this field resulting in increased test uncertainty. These jamming signals can be minimized by using suitable pairing methods that provide signal isolation and minimal noisy field (e.g. optical pairing).

A.7. Jamming signal used for adaptability tests

A.7.1. AWGN - Additive White Gaussian Noise

The AWGN noise used is a continuous noise (100 % frequency) with a bandwidth of 20 MHz.

• When measuring RLAN signal detection in multichannel operation according to Option 1, AWGN will appear on all channels used. However, if a sequential test is performed on the channels, AWGN will appear only on the operating channel to be measured;
• When measuring RLAN signal detection in multi-channel operation according to Option 2, AWGN noise occurs only in the sub-operating channel.

A.7.2. OFDM test signal

The OFDM test signal consists of a continuous chain of OFDM symbols defined in section 17 of the IEEE 802.11™-2016 document. Thus, the OFDM test signal does not contain an OFDM PHY header as stated in 17.3.3 of the IEEE 802.11™-2016 document.

• When measuring RLAN signal detection in multichannel operation according to Option 1, the OFDM test signal will appear on all channels used. However, if a sequential test is performed on the channels, the OFDM test signal will appear only on the operating channel to be measured;
• When measuring RLAN signal detection in multi-channel operation according to Option 2, the test signal occurs only in the sub-operating channel.

A.7.3. LTE test signal

The LTE test signal is a 20 MHz continuous signal as defined in 6.1.1.1 of ETSI TS 136 141.

• When measuring RLAN signal detection in multichannel operation according to Option 1, the LTE test signal will appear on all channels used. However, if a sequential test is performed on the channels, the LTE test signal will occurs only on the operating channel to be measured.
• When measuring RLAN signal detection in multi-channel operation according to Option 2, the test signal appears only in the sub-operating channel.

A.7.4. Test signal evaluation procedure

The tested signal is checked according to the procedure below.

Connect the jamming signal generator to the spectrum analyzer. Set the following parameters on it:

• Center Frequency: The rated center frequency of the jamming signal;
• Span: 2 X the rated bandwidth of the jamming signal;
• Resolution BW: approx. 1 % of the rated bandwidth of the jamming signal;
• Video BW: 3 X Resolution BW
• Sweep Points: 2 X Span / Resolution BW. If spectrum analyzer does not support the required number of sweep points, bandwidth segmentation may be done and each segment may be tested.
• Detector: Peak
• Trace Mode: Averaging
• Number of sweeps: Suitable for giving stable test results;
• Sweep time: Auto

The 99 % bandwidth (bandwidth containing up to 9 9% power) of the jamming signal shall be between 80 % and 100 % of the rated channel bandwidth of the UUT. To ensure the (flatness) stability of the noise, a bandwidth of 4 dB (bandwidth include points with difference of not more than 4 dB above the peak) of the jamming signal (ignoring DC fluctuations at the center frequency) shall be within at least 80 % of the 99 % bandwidth of the signal.

When measuring RLAN signal detection in multichannel operation according to Option, the above requirements apply to the jamming signal respective to all channels used. However, if a sequential test is performed on the channels, the above requirement applies only to the jamming signal respective to the operating channel to be measured.

When measuring RLAN signal detection in multichannel operation according to Option 2, the above requirement applies only to the jamming signal respective to the sub-operating channel.

The power spectral density of the jamming signal is tested by setting the spectrum analyzer parameter as follows:

• Center Frequency: The rated center frequency of the jamming signal;
• Span: Rated bandwidth of the jamming signal;
• Resolution BW: 1 MHz
• Video BW: 3 X Resolution BW
• Filter: Channel
• Detector: RMS
• Trace Mode: Clear/Write
• Number of sweeps: Single
• Sweep time: 1 s (sweeping speed can be reduced so as not to affect the RMS value of the signal to be measured).

The measured peak value above is the power spectral density of the jamming signal.

When multiple jamming signals are combined to check multichannel operability, the above test signal tests are performed on each of the rated channel bandwidths in the channels used.