Circular 01/2021/TT-BXD promulgating the National Technical Regulation QCVN 01:2021/BXD on Construction Planning

2. TECHNICAL REGULATIONS

2.1 Requirements for civil land

The minimum and maximum average civil land norms for the entire urban area are prescribed for each type of urban area and are among the norms specified in Table 2.1. For areas planned as downtowns of special urban areas, the average civil land norms for the entire urban area shall be applied with provisions for type-I urban areas. Other urban areas which are special urban areas shall be applied with the norms for urban areas of the same type based on planning orientations.

Table 2.1: Average civil land norms for the entire urban area (corresponding to the average population density of the entire urban area/ civil land area)

2.2 Requirements for residential units

- The maximum population size of a residential unit is 20,000 people, the minimum population size of a residential unit is 4,000 people (for mountainous urban areas, it is 2,800 people);

- Average residential unit land of the entire urban area is defined for each type of urban area in Table 2.2. For areas planned as downtowns of special urban areas, the average residential unit land norms for the entire urban area shall be applied with provisions for type-I urban areas. Other urban areas which are special urban areas shall be applied with the norms for urban areas of the same type based on planning orientations;

Table 2.2: Average residential unit land norms according to types of urban areas

- Land for residential unit level public-service constructions is determined according to table 2.4. Public-service constructions at the residential unit level must ensure the convenient accessibility and use of the residents;

- Land for greenery of public use in the unit should be at least 2 m²/person. Each residential unit must have at least one park, flower garden with a minimum area of 5,000 m² and ensure that the residents in the residential unit (especially the elderly and children) have convenient access to it as prescribed in the National Technical Regulation QCVN 10:2014/BXD. In housing complex, there must be flower gardens and playgrounds with a service radius not greater than 300 m;

- For projects with a population size equivalent to that of a residential unit, the arrangement of residential unit level public-service constructions and greenery of public use in residential units must comply with the approved planning and regulations for residential units;

- For projects with a population of less than 4,000 people (under 2,800 people in mountainous urban areas), the arrangement of public-service constructions and greenery of public use must comply with the approved planning. In addition, the norm of greenery land in the project area must be at least 1m²/person and early childhood education must be arranged to ensure adequate service for the project area;

- In a residential unit, it is possible to arrange a number of constructions that do not belong to such residential unit. Urban main roads shall not cross the residential units;

- In the planning of mixed-use land plots, the ratio of land for each function must be shown;

- The planning of land lots with mixed-use constructions must show the ratio of floor area for each function. The planning of mixed-use constructions with residential items including accommodation services (if any) must determine the population size to calculate the needs for technical and social infrastructure.

2.3 Requirements for public-service constructions

2.3.1 Classification of public-service constructions

- The system of public-service constructions is divided into 3 levels: regional level, urban level, residential unit level. Depending on the location, size and nature of each urban area, the urban planning must ensure the arrangement of regional, urban, or residential unit level public-service constructions;

- The size of public-service constructions must consider the needs of neighboring areas and the number of non-registered residents.

2.3.2 Regulations on the system of urban-level public-service constructions

The system of urban public-service constructions must comply with the provisions in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3: Minimum sizes of urban-level public-service constructions

2.3.3 Regulations on the system of residential unit level public-service constructions

- Public-service constructions at the residential unit level must ensure the service radius not exceeding 500 m. Particularly for areas with complicated topography and low population density, the service radius of these constructions must not exceed 1,000 m;

- The system of public-service constructions at the residential unit level must comply with Table 2.4.

Table 2.4: Minimum sizes of residential unit level public-service constructions

2.4 Requirements for green spaces

- Land for greenery of public use in urban areas must ensure convenient accessibility for all residents. The planning must include the exploitation and use of natural greenery, riparian vegetation along rivers and lakes, canals, coasts, etc. to expand urban greenery spaces;

- For urban areas with unique and valuable natural landscapes (rivers, streams, seas, hills, and natural vegetation), it is necessary to have solutions for planning on exploitation and conservation of the landscapes.

Table 2.5: Minimum area for greenery land of public use in urban areas (excluding greenery land of public use in residential units)

2.5 Requirements for industrial parks, export processing zones and hi-tech zones

2.5.1 General requirements

- The planning of industrial parks (including industrial clusters), export processing zones and hi-tech zones must meet the requirements on environmental protection and safety, minimizing negative impacts on the neighborhood environment;

- Production establishments and warehouses of types I and II must be planned outside urban construction areas. The levels of hazardous effects and environmental safety distances must comply with regulations of the Ministry of Science and Technology and legal documents on environment.

NOTE:

- In case there are no environmental regulations by Ministry of Science and Technology or other legal documents, it is allowed to use the environmental impact assessment method or refer to the values in Appendix 3 of TCVN 4449 - 1987 to determine the ESD;

- The civil functional areas (if any) planned in association with industrial parks must apply the same regulations as those for civil areas in urban areas. The planning criteria are applied according to Point 2.1, Point 2.2, Point 2.3, Point 2.4 and Point 2.6.

2.5.2 Environmental safety distance (ESD)

- The ESD of pollution sources in industrial parks, warehouses and industrial clusters, such as production workshops, warehouses of materials, finished products, and hazardous wastes and other auxiliaries producing non-civil wastes, must be ensured;

- Green isolation zones must be arranged around industrial parks, warehouses and industrial clusters with a width of 10 m or more;

- Within the ESDs, only traffic roads, parking lots, power supply constructions, fences, gates, security guard stations, wastewater pumping stations, wastewater treatment plants (WWT), WWT stations, solid waste (SW) transfer stations, SW facilities and other industrial buildings and warehouses are allowed to be arranged;

- Civil constructions are not allowed to be arranged within ESDs.

2.5.3 Land use

- Land for construction of industrial parks, export processing zones and hi-tech zones must be planned based on the potentials for industrial and socio-economic development, and relevant development strategies of each locality;

- The ratio of land types in industrial parks, export processing zones and hi-tech zones depends on the type and nature of production facilities, modular area of land lots for construction of production facilities and warehouses, but must comply with the provisions in Table 2.6;

- The maximum net building density of the land lots for of land lots for construction of factories and warehouses is 70%. For land lots planned to build factories with more than 05 floors used for production, the maximum net building density is 60%.

Table 2.6: Minimum land ratio for traffic, greenery, and technical zones in industrial parks, export processing zones and hi-tech zones.

2.6 Requirements for landscape architecture, urban design and building layout of new development areas

2.6.1 Minimum distances between individual buildings, constructions or rows of terraced houses (collectively referred to as buildings) must be specified in detailed planning and urban design projects. The arrangement of the buildings and determination of their height must minimize negative impacts of natural conditions (sunshine, wind, etc.) and create advantages for microclimate conditions in the buildings as well as comply with regulations on fire safety. In addition, the distance between buildings must meet the requirements:

2.6.1.1 For buildings with a height of less than 46 m

- The distance between the long edges of a building must be equal to at least 1/2 of the building's height or more, but not be less than 7 m;

- The distance between the gable of a building and the gable or the long edge of another building must be equal to at least 1/3 of the building's height, but not be less than 4 m;

- In case the rows of terraced houses in the same land lot are planned to be spaced apart, the distance between the back edge of the rows of terraced houses must be ≥ 4 m.

2.6.1.2 For buildings with a height of 46 m or more

- The distance between the long edges of the buildings must be 25 m or more;

- The distance between the gable of a building and the gable or the long edge of another building must be 15 m or more.

2.6.1.3 The distance between buildings of different heights shall be measured in accordance with regulations applicable to buildings with the greater height.

2.6.1.4 For a building with its long edge equal in length to its gable, the side adjacent to the largest road shall be considered the long edge of the row.

2.6.2 Setback of the buildings

- Setback of buildings adjacent to roads (for roads at the regional level or higher) shall be specified in detailed planning and urban design projects, but must satisfy the provisions in Table 2.7;

- For a building complex including a base and a high-rise tower, the regulations on setback shall apply separately to the complex's base and tower in correspondence to the height of each part.

Table 2.7: Regulations on minimum setback (m) of a building by road width (delimited by the red line) and the building’s height

2.6.3 Permissible maximum net building density

- The maximum net building density of the land lot for construction of detached houses is specified in Table 2.8;

- The maximum net building density of the land lot for construction of apartment buildings is determined in the urban planning and design project, but must comply with the provisions in Table 2.9 as well as requirements for the minimum distance between the rows of houses at Point 2.6.1 and the setback of buildings at Point 2.6.2;

- The maximum net building density of the land lot for construction of public-service constructions, such as education, healthcare, culture, sports, and market facilities in the new development areas is 40%;

- The maximum net building density of the land lot for construction of commercial and service buildings, or mixed-use land lot, is determined in the urban planning and design project, but must comply with the provisions of Table 2.10 and the requirements on the minimum distance between the rows of houses at Point 2.6.1 and the setback of buildings at Point 2.6.2;

Table 2.8: Maximum net building density of the land lot for construction of detached houses (villas, terraced houses, stand-alone houses)

Table 2.9: Maximum net building density of the land lot for construction of apartment buildings by the area of the land lot and the height of the buildings

Table 2.10: Maximum net building density of the land lot for construction of commercial and service buildings, and mixed-use high-rise buildings, by the area of the land lot and the height of the buildings

- For land lots not listed in Tables 2.8, Table 2.9, and Table 2.10, interpolation between 2 nearest values is allowed;

- If a building is a complex with different heights, the regulations on maximum building density are allowed to apply to the average height;

- For a building complex including a base and a high-rise tower, the regulations on building density shall apply separately to the complex's base and tower in correspondence to the height of each part, but the land use ratio of the base and tower must not be greater more than 13 times.

2.6.4 Gross building density

- The permissible maximum gross building density of a residential unit is 60%;

- The maximum gross building density of a resort is 25%;

- The maximum gross building density of a park is 5%;

- The maximum gross building density of a theme park is 25%;

- The maximum gross building density of the specialized green spaces (including golf courses), areas for natural environment protection is determined based on their functions and in accordance with relevant legal regulations, but not exceeding 5%.

2.6.5 The ratio of land for greenery in the land lots for construction must comply with the regulations on minimum ratio of land for greenery as shown in Table 2.11.

Table 2.11: Minimum land ratio for greenery in the land lots for construction

2.6.6 Dimensions in the land lots for construction of houses

- In the land lots for construction of houses in new development zones which are adjacent to roads with a red line of 19 m or more, the frontage of the housing building must be 5 m or more;

- In the land lots for construction of houses in new development zones which are adjacent to roads with a red line of less than 19 m, the frontage of the housing building must be 4 m or more;

- The maximum length of a land lot for construction of a row terraced houses, whose 2 sides are adjacent to roads at the main area level or lower, is 60 m.

2.6.7 Regulations on architectural details of buildings adjacent to roads

- The architectural details of the buildings are determined in the detailed planning project, urban design and architectural management regulations of each area;

- In case the construction boundary coincides with the red line, the above regulations must ensure the following principles: not obstructing traffic activities in the roadway; ensuring safety and convenience for walking activities on the sidewalk; not affecting the system of green trees, aboveground and underground technical Infrastructure constructions on the street; ensuring uniformity of landscape on the street or each street section; ensuring the compliance with the regulations on fire safety and the operation of fire-fighting vehicles;

- In case the construction boundary reverses from the red line, the following principles must be ensured: no architectural part or detail of the buildings shall cross the red line; ensuring uniformity of landscape on the street or each street section; ensuring the compliance with the regulations on fire safety and operation of fire-fighting vehicles.

2.6.8 Relationship with neighboring buildings

- Architectural details of the buildings in the section adjacent to the neighboring buildings are determined by the detailed planning project, urban design and architectural management regulations of each area;

- The regulations must ensure the following principles: Ensuring compliance with regulations on fire safety; Ensuring that all activities in this project do not adversely affect activities (living, working, resting, etc.) of residents in the neighboring buildings.

2.6.9 Entrance gates and fences of public-service constructions

- Safety and smooth traffic on the roads at the constructions’ entrance and exit area must be ensured;

- The gates and the fences adjacent to the two sides of the gates must recede far from the boundary of the land lot to form a gathering zone with a minimum depth of 4 m and a width at least 4 times greater than the width of the gates.

2.6.10 Information boards and advertising panels must comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 17:2018/BXD.

2.6.11 Situated petrol stations

- Land fund must be planned and allocated to situate petrol stations based on the needs of the urban areas. The minimum land area of newly-planned situated petrol stations is specified in Article 5, National Technical Regulation QCVN 01:2020/BCT;

- The location of a newly-planned situated petrol station must comply with the regulations on fire safety in the National Technical Regulation QCVN 01:2020/BCT; The distance between two newly-planned situated petrol stations is at least 300 m; The distance between a newly-planned situated petrol station to places where people frequently gather (markets, shopping malls, educational institutions, medical institutions, cultural and sports institutions, offices) is at least 50 m;

- The location of newly-planned situated petrol stations must ensure convenient and safe access to the traffic system. Exits and entrances to a newly-planned situated petrol station must be at least 50 m away from vision-obstructed points and located outside the safety corridor of bridges, sewers and road tunnels. An exit of a situated petrol station leading to a road at the area level or higher must be at least 50 m away from the red line of another road at the area level or higher that intersect with that road with the exit of the petrol station. Situated petrol stations must arrange parking stops for refueling not to affect the traffic inside and outside the stations;

- Existing newly-planned situated petrol stations must be consistent with the urban planning, not affect traffic safety, and have the fire safety plan approved in accordance with the regulations;

- Additionally, other construction of the petrol stations must comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 07-6:2016/BXD and the National Technical Regulation QCVN 01:2020/BCT.

2.6.12 Gas supply constructions

- Land fund must be planned and allocated to gas supply constructions and gas pipelines based on the needs of the urban areas;

- Pipelines with a maximum working pressure of more than 7 bars must not be planned to cross downtowns of urban areas;

- The planning of gas distribution pipelines must take into account the use of common utility tunnels and trenches;

- Additionally, other construction of the gas supply constructions must comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 07-6:2016/BXD.

2.6.13 Fire-fighting constructions

- It is required to arrange a network of fire police stations with a maximum service radius of 3 km for the urban areas and 5 km for other areas. For existing urban areas that do not ensure the service radius of fire police teams, there must be solutions for allocating additional land fund or arranging additional fire police stations in the new urban area projects;

- The location of fire police stations must ensure safe and fast entry and exit of fire engines and other fire fighting vehicles;

- Traffic roads in service of fire-fighting must comply with the requirements in the National Technical Regulation QCVN 06:2021/BXD.

2.7 Requirements for the space and land use of existing areas in urban areas

2.7.1 General provisions

- Existing areas in the urban area must be identified in the general planning and subdivision planning projects. The planning of existing areas in the urban area must ensure synchronous connection of technical and social infrastructure systems with neighboring areas; not adversely affect the quality of the existing infrastructure systems;

- The land fund for social and technical infrastructure constructions and green spaces must be planned in a direction to be nearly equal to the norms of new urban development areas;

- For downtowns with the quality of technical infrastructure constructions not meeting the provisions of this regulation, urban reconstruction projects must assess the impact on technical infrastructure of the area;

- The parameters of the area and building density of the land lots, the height and distance between the buildings, the land use ratio and land use conversion must be determined in the detailed planning and urban design projects;

- In planning of newly-opened roads or improved and expanded roads, the design of constructions adjacent to the roads must be planned to be synchronous with neighboring buildings, ensuring the general aesthetic on the entire route; the detailed planning and urban design must take into account the current shape of the land lots that do not meet the requirements for landscape and construction safety, then adjust or merge the land lots;

- Buildings located in land lots not adjacent to roads (newly-opened, improved and expanded roads, existing roads) must be planned to ensure that all buildings must be ventilated, illuminated, traffic convenient, as well as ensure the safe distance for fire-fighting and accessibility of fire-fighting vehicles;

- Industrial production zones, clusters and establishments causing pollution must be relocated. After the relocation of the land fund, the priority must be considered given to the arrangement of additional social infrastructure constructions, green spaces, and the deficient technical infrastructure constructions in the area;

- The renovation and embellishment of industrial production zones, clusters and establishments must comply with regulations on technical infrastructure constructions, ensuring the requirements for environment, fire and explosion safety and urban landscape.

2.7.2 Regulations for subjects of application

- The valuable historical/cultural/ architectural sites to be preserved are specified separately in the architectural management regulations or in the management regulations of the construction planning projects based on the specifics of each urban area and must meet the requirements on fire prevention and fighting and environmental safety;

- Planning areas along both sides of a newly-opened or renovated road (roads at the area level or higher); Urban redevelopment projects with a scale of between 3 ha or more in existing areas in the urban area must apply the provisions of Point 2.6;

- For areas defined in the higher-level planning projects as areas that are only allowed to be renovated and embellished to improve the landscape and architecture, improve the environmental quality, but not allowed to increase the population size or change the land use function, the determination of planning and architectural norms must be based on the approved detailed planning and urban design projects under the specifics of each urban area and must meet the requirements on fire prevention and fighting and environmental safety or apply the provisions from Point 2.7.3 to Point 2.7.7 below;

- For existing areas in the urban area identified in the higher-level planning projects do not belong to the above groups of subjects, the provisions in between Points 2.7.3 and 2.7.7 below are applicable.

2.7.3 Regulations on land use

- The land use planning must give priority to allocating land fund for public-service constructions, greenery parks, and urban technical infrastructure constructions being gradually equal to the norms of new urban areas;

- In case of insufficient land fund for public-service constructions, it is allowed to reduce the land use norms in Table 2.3 and Table 2.4 but not exceeding 50%. Particularly for education and training facilities, it must satisfy the national standards of the Ministry of Education and Training;

- It is allowed to combine preschools on the first and second floors of apartment buildings, but must ensure the area for playgrounds, separate paths for students, as well as follow environmental, sanitation, and fire safety regulations prescribed in the laws and specialized regulations of the Ministry of Education and Training and the Ministry of Health;

- In case, due to the current conditions of the planning area, it is not possible to add the area of greenery for public use to meet the regulations, the detailed planning project and urban design must propose supplementation of green spaces and open spaces to the land lots and ensure that all people can access to them.

2.7.4 Regulations on the service radius of public-service constructions

In case, due to current conditions of the planning area, there is not enough land fund to allocate for public-service constructions as specified in Table 2.3 and Table 2.4, it is allowed to reallocate land from neighboring public-service constructions with the new radius no more than 2 times greater specified at Point 2.3.3.

2.7.5 Regulations on setback of buildings on the road route

In case, due to the current conditions of the planning area, it is not possible to meet the requirements specified in Table 2.7, the setback shall be determined in the planning project or urban design, but it must ensure the consistency with the spatial organization of a street or a street section.

2.7.6 Regulations on minimum distance between rows of houses and buildings

In case, due to the current conditions of the planning area, it is not possible to meet the requirements on minimum distance as prescribed, the minimum distance between buildings shall be determined in the detailed planning project or urban design, but it must satisfy the regulations on fire safety: The roads as access for fire engines to the buildings must be 4 m or more in width; All construction items must be naturally ventilated and lighted.

2.7.7 Regulations on net building density

- The net building density shall comply with the provisions of Point 2.6.3. Particularly, land lots for construction of detached houses with a height of at most 25 m and an area of at most 100 m2 are allowed with a maximum building density of 100%, but they must comply with regulations on setback and distance between buildings as at Point 2.7.5 and Point 2.7.6;

- In case, due to the current conditions of the planning area, there is no land fund to ensure the land use norms of public-service constructions, the maximum net building density of the public-service constructions to be increased, but not exceeding 60%;

- Due to the needs for population load control and infrastructure, some areas shall be allowed to use the norms of land use ratio instead of the norms of building density and floor number. The maximum land use ratio shall be determined in the urban planning or design projects, but it must comply with the provisions in Table 2.12 below.

Table 2.12: Maximum land use ratio of land lots for construction of apartment buildings, utility facilities and mixed-use high-rise buildings by the area of the land lot and the height of the buildings

2.8 Requirements on foundation height and surface water drainage

2.8.1 Requirements for foundation height planning

- Different types of land must be assessed and classified based on its natural conditions to determine that the construction is favorable, less favorable or unfavorable, or it should be restricted or prohibited. Risks of natural disasters, climate change and sea level rise must be assessed and identified, taking into account the neighboring areas;

- The planning must be in line with the irrigation planning. The advantages of the topography and natural conditions must be taken to limit the excavation and embankment. There must be solutions to elevate the newly-planned area's ground without affecting the water drainage capacity of the area;

- The foundation height planning must be designed with a cycle of calculated flooding levels determined based on the type of urban areas and the urban functional areas as in Table 2.13;

- The minimum restricted foundation height in the construction areas must be 0.3 m higher than the calculated flooding level for civil land and 0.5 m higher for industrial land.

Table 2.13: The cycle of calculated flooding levels (by year) for functional areas

2.8.2 Requirements on surface water drainage system

- The planning of the surface water drainage system must ensure the area and volume of the detention basin system to manage the surface water; exploit low-lying areas to temporarily store rainwater; increase the absorbent surface area of traffic constructions, yards, technical infrastructure and other public areas. Existing urban areas must retain, renovate and upgrade existing lakes, rivers and canals to ensure the storage volume and control the surface water;

- The planning of the surface water drainage system in a new development area must not affect the surface water drainage capacity of the existing areas;

- The planning of the surface water drainage system must take into account the mitigation of damages caused by natural disasters (floods, storms, flood-tides, slides, landslides, etc.) and the response to climate change and sea level rise;

- Completely newly-built areas must have their own drainage systems. Shared drainage networks of multiple areas must be renovated to be semi-separate drainage systems or separate drainage systems;

- The surface water drainage systems must be based on the cycle of rains causing sanitary sewer overflows. The minimum cycle of rains causing sanitary sewer overflows is specified in Table 2.14;

- Requirements for rainwater harvesting: 100% of urban roads and roads passing through suburban residential areas must have rainwater drainage systems;

- Additionally, construction items on the drainage network must comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 07-2:2016/BXD.

Table 2.14: Minimum cycle of rains causing sanitary sewer overflows (by years)

2.9 Traffic requirements

2.9.1 General requirements

- The transport system must meet the needs of passenger and goods transportation in service of socio-economic development, urbanization and international integration;

- Traffic network must be clearly decentralized, ensuring uninterrupted, orderly, safe and efficient operation;

- Traffic development must comply with the planning as well as step by step modernize and synchronously and reasonably combine means of transport.

2.9.2 External transport system

2.9.2.1 Road

- Newly-planned highways and roads for cars at levels I and II must be located outside of urban areas. In case it is compulsory for the roads to cross the downtowns, there must be enough road protection corridors and other traffic safety measures;

- Car stations must be located with convenient connectivity to urban areas, stations, ports, markets and concentrated residential areas.

2.9.2.2 Railway

- The safety distance between railway constructions with other constructions must comply with current regulations of the transport sector;

- The distance from the center of the nearest railway to urban housing areas must be 20 m or more;

- Foundation sizes of stations must meet the requirements in Table 2.15.

Table 2.15: Foundation sizes of various types of station

2.9.2.3 Airline

- When making a planning project, the size and area of land for airports and airfields must be calculated based on the standards of the aviation sector and ICAO;

- The distance from buildings to the airports must comply with the airport's static loudspeaker planning and ensure regulations on noise as in the National Technical Regulation QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT.

2.9.2.4 Waterway

- Port sizes are specified in Table 2.16.

Table 2.16: Regulations on port area

2.9.3 Urban transport system

2.9.3.1 Urban road system

- The urban traffic planning in the general planning project must project the needs for passenger and goods transportation and the structure of transport means;

- The urban traffic system must ensure quick and safe connectivity among all functional areas and within the zone, between regional traffic system with national and international traffic systems;

- The width of lanes and roads shall be determined based on the road level, the speed, the designed traffic vehicle flow and must comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 07-4:2016/BXD;

- Sidewalks, walking paths, bike paths must comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 07-4:2016/BXD;

- The road density and distance between two roads are specified in Table 2.17;

- The minimum ratio of traffic land (excluding static traffic) to the urban construction land is 6% for roads at up to the inter-area level 13% for roads at up to the area level; and 18% for roads at up to the subdivision level.

Table 2.17: Regulations on types of roads in urban areas

2.9.3.2 Traffic squares and intersections of urban roads

- Regulations on organization of traffic squares and intersections of urban roads must comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 07-4:2016/BXD;

- The radius of curvature of the curb at street intersections must be 15 m or more in traffic squares and urban streets, 12 m or more in area-level roads; and 8 m or more in internal roads;

- At intersections of newly-opened roads in existing urban areas, if the size of corner chamfers cannot be ensured, alternative technical measures such as using speed humps, median strips, signs, signal lights, etc.

2.9.3.3 Public passenger transportation network.

- For urban areas of Type III or higher, public passenger transportation networks must be organized. The types of public transport include: urban railway, bus, ship (if any);

- The distance between public transport routes must be at least 600 m and not less than 1,200 m (at least 400 m in the urban centers). The maximum walking distance from houses, offices, shopping malls, entertainment facilities, etc. to the public stations is 500 m;

- The density of the public transport network depends on the structure of urban planning and shall be at least 2.0 km/km2 of urban construction land. The distance between urban public transport stations is prescribed as follows: for bus or train stations, the distance is not more than 600 m; for bus rapid transit (BRT) or urban railway (subway; tramway or elevated railway) stations, the distance is least 800 m;

- At the intersections of roads with public transport vehicles running along, stations for vehicle transfer must be arranged with a walking way of less than 200 m;

- Bus and tram stops on main roads must be located at least 20 m away from the intersections. The length of a single-route bus station must be at least 20 m, and for multi-route or multi-way bus stations, the length must be calculated specifically, but not less than 30 m. The width of the stations must be at least 3 m.

2.9.3.4 Urban railway system

- National and urban railway lines must be interconnected with a system of stations. Grade separation must be used at junctions of railway lines, urban railway, roads and arterial thoroughfares;

- For urban areas with national railway running through, there should be appropriate traffic solutions that do not adversely affect urban operations (in terms of landscape, noise, traffic accidents, etc.);

- Elevated railway stations must be connected and synchronized with aboveground and underground constructions (if any);

- Subway stations must ensure connection and synchronization, safety with underground constructions, and between underground constructions and aboveground constructions;

- The protection of urban railway safety corridors and constructions must comply with the law provisions on railway traffic.

2.9.4 Other traffic constructions in urban areas

- In urban areas, residential units and housing complexes must be arranged with parking spaces and parking lots. In industrial parks and warehouses, parking lots and repair workshops must be arranged;

- Parking lots to load and offload the goods must be located near markets, freight stations, commercial centers and other constructions with great transportation needs;

- Areas with great transportation needs as well as commercial, service, sport and entertainment centers must be arranged with parking lots and public parking lots convenient for passengers and vehicles, interconnected with the street network, with a maximum walking distance of 500 m;

- For bus parking lots at the starting and ending points of the route, the size shall be determined based on specific needs;

- Tram depots located at the starting, ending points and connecting points of the route can be combined with repair facilities;

- Public, service constructions, apartment buildings, offices must ensure sufficient number of parking spaces for each type of vehicles based on their needs;

- Existing urban areas are allowed to plan underground parking lots and multi-story parking lots, but must ensure compatible, synchronous and safe connectivity with other constructions;

- Norms for calculating parking lots in the entire urban area are specified in Table 2.18;

Table 2.18: Norms for calculating parking lots in the entire urban area

- The area of a parking lot for some vehicles is defined as follows: 25.0 m² for cars; 3.0 m² for motorbike; 0.9 m² for bicycles; 40 m² for buses; 30 m² for trucks. The minimum number of car parking lots of the constructions must comply with technical regulations for each type of constructions. If there is no regulation, it must comply with Table 2.19.

Table 2.19: Minimum number of parking lots for cars

2.9.5 Regulations on ensuring urban traffic safety

- Renovating and upgrading the road surface must be suitable to the planned foundation height, not cause flooding, not affect the drainage constructions of the area and the accessibility to the constructions on both sides of the road;

- Regulations on visibility, pavement, walking paths, and bike path must comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 07-4:2016/BXD.

2.10 Requirements on water supply

2.10.1 Protection areas of the water intake points and water supply constructions

- Water source protection corridors must comply with legal regulations on water resources;

- Protection areas of the water intake points and water supply constructions are prescribed in Table 2.20.

Table 2.20: Protection areas of the water intake points and water supply constructions

2.10.2 Water demand

- The amount of clean water for domestic use shall be forecasted based on a series of data on current conditions, comfort level of urban areas, residential areas, but must ensure that: 100% of the population in downtowns of a town shall be supplied with water in the long term period of the planning; The norm of clean water supply for domestic use of the downtowns of urban areas shall depend on the type of urban center, but must be at least 80 liters/person/day; Towards the goal of using water safely, economically and effectively;

- An amount of clean water for public and service constructions shall be at least 10% of the domestic water amount. The norm of clean water supply for each type of public and service constructions must be at least as follows: 15 liters/student/day and night, for schools; 75 liters/child/day and night for pre-primary schools and early childhoods; 2 liters/m² floor/day and night, for buildings, other public and service constructions;

- An amount of water for watering plants, washing roads shall be at least 8% of the amount of domestic water. Water supply norms must be at least as follows: 3 liters/m²/day and night, for watering gardens and parks and 0.4 liters/m²/day and night, for road washing. It is allowed to use recycled water (such as rainwater, treated wastewater, etc.) to water plants and wash roads;

- An amount of water for small production and cottage industry shall be at least 8% of the amount of domestic water;

- An amount of water for concentrated industrial parks: Shall be determined according to the industry types, but must be at least 20 m³/ha/day for at least 60% of the industrial park area;

- The amount of water loss or leakage must not exceed 15% of the total above-mentioned water volume;

- The amount of water for water supply plants and water supply stations shall be at least 4% of the total above-mentioned water volume.

2.10.3 Water sources and water supply constructions

- The exploitable output of water sources (excluding islands and mountainous areas) must be at least 10 times higher than water demand. The rate of ensuring the monthly or daily flow of water sources must be at least 95%, for residential areas over 50,000 people (or equivalent); 90% for a residential area from 5,000 to 50,000 people (or equivalent) and 85% for a residential area of less than 5,000 people (or equivalent);

- The selection of water sources must ensure the following contents: ensuring the requirements for water reserves, flow and quality; ensuring to save water resources, meeting the minimum requirements for the water use facilities;

- The area for construction of water supply plants and water supply stations according to new planning shall be determined on the basis of treatment capacity and technology, or calculated according to the selected standards or determined according to the parameters in Table 2.21.

Table 2.21: Area of water supply plant or water supply station

2.10.4 Water supply network

- The water supply network must ensure safety and the reliability of water flow rate, pressure and quality according to the need of use and water supply for firefighting;

- The free pressure in the water supply network for daily life of residential areas, at the water intake points into the house, calculated from the ground must not be less than 10 m;

- The water quality must comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT;

- In addition, constructions on the water supply network must comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 07-1:2016/BXD.

2.10.5 Water supply for firefighting

- The flow rate and quantity of simultaneous fire must be calculated in accordance with urban scale as prescribed in the National Technical Regulation QCVN 06:2020/BXD;

- It is required to make use of lakes and ponds to supply water for firefighting. There is a way for fire engines to come to get water. The depth of water surface compared to the ground at the location where the firefighting water is located must not exceed 4 m and the thickness of the water layer is 0.5 m or more;

- On the urban water supply pipe network, along streets, there must be fire hydrants (floating pillars or underground hydrants) to ensure the maximum distance between hydrants is 150 m. The minimum distance between a hydrant and the building wall is 5 m. The maximum distance between the fire hydrants which are located on the pavement and the edge of the street is 2.5 m;

- The diameter of outdoor firefighting water pipes must be ≥ 100 mm.

2.11 Requirements for water drainage and wastewater treatment (WWT)

2.11.1 Generated wastewater flow

- The generated wastewater flow shall be forecasted on the basis of a series of data on current conditions, comfort level of urban areas, residential areas or production technology, but must ensure that the norm of wastewater generation is 80% or more of the water supply norm of the corresponding subjects;

- The amount of generated sludge shall be determined based on the level of completion of the on-site sanitation system or according to selected standards, but must be ≥ 0.04 m³/person/year.

2.11.2 Water drainage network

- New construction areas must be planned with separate wastewater drainage systems. Existing areas that already have common drainage networks must be planned with semi-separate drainage systems or renovated into separate drainage systems;

- Islands must be planned with separate wastewater drainage systems and the wastewater must be thoroughly treated; wastewater after being treated must meet requirements on environment and can be recycle for other purposes;

- In addition, constructions on the water drainage network must comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 07-2:2016/BXD.

2.11.3 Wastewater treatment (WWT) plants and stations

- Wastewater from urban daily life, healthcare, industrial parks and craft villages must be treated in accordance with environmental regulations for wastewater before being discharged into receiving sources and other relevant regulations. Sewage sludge of the water drainage system must be collected and treated according to regulations or transported to the centralized SW treatment facilities;

- The locations of the newly planned WWT plants and WWT stations must be prioritized at the end of the flow of the sources of receiving wastewater after treatment, at the end of the main wind direction of the urban area, in areas with enough land for reserve expansion. The location of the wastewater discharge point must be in accordance with the provisions of law on water resources management;

- In case the WWT plants and WWT stations are required to be located at the head of the water source or the main wind direction of the urban area, the ESD in Table 2.22 must be increased at least 1.5 times;

- The area of land for construction of newly planned WWT plants and WWT stations shall be determined on the basis of capacity, treatment technology or calculated according to selected applicable standards, but must not exceed the norm 0.2 ha/1,000 m³/day.

NOTE: The norm of controlling land area for construction of WWT plants and WWT stations shall not include area of reservoirs, stabilization of treated wastewater, sludge drying beds, expanded reserve area (if any) and ESD organization area of WWT plants and WWT stations.

2.11.4 Provisions on environmental safety distance (ESD)

- The ESD of newly planned wastewater pumping stations, WWT plants and WWT stations is prescribed in Table 2.22;

Table 2.22: Environmental safety distance (ESD)

- For wastewater pumping stations using submersible pumps located in closed wells, the ESD is not required, but there must be ventilation pipes to discharge odor at an altitude of ≥ 3 m compared with the ground elevation according to the approved plan at such location;

- It is required to arrange a strip of isolated trees around the construction area of the newly planned WWT plants and WWT stations with a width of ≥ 10 m.

- Within the environmental safety distance, only planning for traffic roads, parking lots, power supply constructions, SW transfer stations and other works of wastewater pumping stations, WWT stations are allowed to be planned, other civil constructions are not allowed to be arranged;

- Existing wastewater pumping stations, WWT stations, and WWT plants that do not meet the regulations on ESD must carry out an environmental impact assessment to supplement solutions to ensure surrounding environmental sanitation according to regulations.

2.12 Requirements for collection, transport and treatment of solid waste (SW)

2.12.1 The amount of generated SW

The amount of generated domestic SW shall be forecasted on a basis of a series of data on the current conditions and the comfort level of the urban areas and residential areas. In case of using standards, it must not exceed the norms prescribed in Table 2.23;

Table 2.23: The amount of generated domestic SW

- Norms of industrial SW generation must be determined on the basis of technological lines of each industrial type, but must ensure at least 0.3 tons/ha of land according to the industrial park land size;

- Norms of SW generation in medical, construction and sewage sludge shall be forecasted on a basis of the data series on current status of emissions or projects, urban areas with similar conditions.

2.12.2 Domestic SW transfer stations

- A flexible domestic SW transfer station must ensure its operation time not exceeding 45 minutes/shift and 3 hours/day. The arrangement of a flexible domestic SW transfer station must ensure that the operation does not affect the traffic and the environment of the area;

- A newly planned fixed domestic SW transfer station must have wall, roof, wastewater collection and treatment system, filtration and deodorizing system to ensure no pollutants spread to the surrounding environment. A fixed domestic SW transfer station must meet the requirements of receiving and transporting all volume of domestic SW within the collection radius to the centralized treatment facility within 2 days (including nights);

- Type and size of domestic SW transfer stations are prescribed in Table 2.24.

Table 2.24: Type and size of domestic SW transfer stations

2.12.3 SW treatment facilities

- SW treatment facilities must be planned outside the urban construction scope. Minimize planning the location of SW treatment facilities in flood-prone areas, karst areas and regions with tectonic fractures. New planning for unhygienic SW landfills is not allowed;

- Existing unhygienic SW landfills must be must be closed, relocated or renovated into a sanitary SW landfill, biological SW treatment facility, SW incineration facility, etc. if the ESD specified in Section 2.12.4 is satisfied;

- The area of land for construction of newly planned SW facilities shall be determined on the basis of capacity, treatment technology or calculated according to selected applicable standards, but must not exceed the norm 0.05 ha/1,000 tons/year.

NOTE: The norm of controlling land area for construction of SW facilities shall not include area of treated waste landfills, expanded reserve area (if any) and ESD organization area of the SW facilities.

2.12.4 The environmental safety distance (ESD) of the solid waste transfer stations and solid waste (SW) treatment facilities

- Flexible SW transfer stations must be located ≥ 20 m far from housing constructions and areas often crowded with people;

- Houses, constructions containing SW transfer, compression and storage lines and leachate treatment constructions, car wash areas and equipment of fixed SW transfer stations must ensure the ESD ≥ 20 m;

- Hygienic SW burial compartments, including organic SW must ensure the ESD ≥ 1,000 m;

- Inorganic SW burial compartments must ensure the ESD ≥ 100 m;

- Houses, constructions containing SW treatment lines using biological methods and houses, constructions containing SW incinerator must ensure the ESD ≥ 500 m;

- The ESD of hazardous SW and sludge treatment construction shall be determined according to the environmental impact assessment method but must be ≥ the regulations for ordinary SW treatment constructions. In case the sludge is treated in the wastewater treatment station, the regulations applicable to the wastewater treatment station shall apply at the same time;

- Green isolation zones must be arranged around the fixed SW transfer stations which is newly planned, with a width of 10 m or more; and around the new planned SW treatment facility construction area with a width of 20 m or more;

- If a SW treatment facility is required to be located at the head of the water source and the main wind direction of the urban area, the ESDs of constructions must be increased at least 1.5 times;

- The centrally-affiliated cities and provinces with high population density must plan provincial-level concentrated solid waste treatment facilities and apply treatment technologies requiring low isolation distances. In case the ESD requirement is still not met under regulations to apply additional advanced environmental treatment measures to reduce the ESD, the ESD of the provincial-level centralized solid waste treatment facility is determined through the environmental impact assessment method;

- For existing SW transfer stations and SW treatment facilities that do not meet the above-mentioned regulations on ESD, it is required to have additional surrounding environment sanitation solutions when carrying out the environmental impact assessment as prescribed;

- Within the ESD area of treatment constructions under the fixed SW transfer stations and SW treatment facilities, it is only allowed to plan traffic constructions, irrigation constructions, electricity routes and stations, drainage systems, WWT and other constructions belonging to fixed SW transfer stations and SW treatment facilities; other civil constructions are not allowed to arranged.

2.13 Requirements for funeral halls, cemeteries and crematories

2.13.1 Funeral halls

- Each urban area must have at least on funeral hall. One funeral hall may serve 250,000 people maximum;

- The planning of funeral hall locations must not affect to other functional areas’ operations and transport activities. The funeral hall must have anti-noise solutions to ensure regulations on noise in public areas and residential areas;

- The funeral hall area shall be determined on the basis of the process of organizing funerals and local funeral customs, but must ensure that a minimum of 04 funerals/day must be served.

2.13.2 Cemeteries and crematory facilities

- Demand for cemetery land (excluding martyrs' cemetery), size of a crematory facility is forecasted based on mortality and burial methods. The area of the concentrated cemeteries must meet the minimum norm of 0.04 ha/1,000 people;

- The planning of new construction cemetery and crematory facility site must not negatively affect the operations of other functional areas and traffic activities; The planning of cemeteries must take into account local burial customs and practices, provided that requirements on environment and efficient and economical land use are satisfied;

- When planning cemeteries, it is required to determine existing cemeteries to be re-located, closed or renovated and the land for relocation. Existing cemeteries and crematory facilities that do not meet provisions on ESD must carry out environmental impact assessment to supplement solutions to ensure surrounding environmental sanitation according to regulations;

- The ESD of newly planned cemeteries and crematory facility must satisfy provisions prescribed in Table 2.25, and comply with provisions on protection area for water intake points and water supply construction specified in 2.10.1 at the same time;

- In special cases, when the crematory facilities are located at the head of the main wind direction of an urban area or when the cemetery is located at the head of a water source, the ESD of constructions in a cemetery or crematory facility must increase to at least 1.5 times;

- Green isolation zones must be arranged around cemetery or crematory facility construction areas with a width of 10 m or more;

- In the ESD area of constructions of cemeteries or crematory facilities, it is only allowed to organize the activities of farming, forestry, planning of constructions of traffic, irrigation, supply, transmission of electricity, petroleum, gas, drainage system, wastewater treatment system and other constructions in cemeteries and crematory facilities; other civil constructions are not allowed;

In addition, the cemeteries and crematory facilities must also comply with the National Technical Regulation QCVN 07-10:2016/BXD.

Table 2.25: The environmental safety distance of cemeteries

2.14 Requirements on electric power supply

2.14.1 Electric power supply norm

- The minimum norm of civil electric power supply is prescribed in Table 2.26, Table 2.27 and Table 2.28;

- The minimum norm of industrial electric power (industrial production and storage) is prescribed in Table 2.29.

Table 2.26: Norms for electric power supply for daily life (person)

Table 2.27: Norms for electric power supply for public and service constructions (%)

Table 2.28: Norms for electric power supply for public and service constructions

Table 2.29: Norms for electric power supply for industrial production and storage

2.14.2 Electric power supply system

- The planning must meet the demand and reliability in electric power supply;

- It is not allowed to plan new 500 KV electricity lines through downtowns of urban areas. In cases where such electricity lines are required to go through downtowns of urban areas, there must be enough safety corridors for the 500 KV electric grid. 110 KV and 220 KV high voltage grids that go through downtowns of urban areas of type II to special type must be planned underground;

- In downtowns of urban areas, the system of low voltage lines and lighting which is newly built must be planned underground, the existing low voltage line and lighting system must be renovated in the underground direction;

- In addition, constructions of electric power supply must comply with QCVN 07-5:2016/BXD.

2.14.3 Land fund for constructions

- 110 kV stations: not exceed 1.0 ha/station;

- 220kV stations: not exceed 5.0 ha/station.

2.15 Requirements on arrangement of underground technical infrastructure constructions

The minimum distance among urban underground technical infrastructure constructions outside the utility tunnels or trenches shall be determined according to specialized technical standards which are selected. Other cases shall comply with regulations specified in Table 2.30;

Table 2.30: The minimum distance among urban underground technical infrastructure constructions outside the utility tunnels or trenches (m)