Resolution 225/2025/QH15 implementing the revised Law on Organization of People’s Courts, revised Law on Organization of People’s Procuracies, procedure laws

RESOLUTION

On the implementation of the Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Courts, the Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Procuracies, the procedure laws and other relevant laws^[1]

Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;

Pursuant to Law No. 34/2024/QH15 on Organization of People’s Courts, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Law No. 81/2025/QH15;

Pursuant to Law No. 63/2014/QH13 on Organization of People’s Procuracies, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Law No. 82/2025/QH15;

Pursuant to Criminal Procedure Code No. 101/2015/QH13, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Law No. 02/2021/QH15, Law No. 34/2024/QH15, Law No. 59/2024/QH15, and Law No. 99/2025/QH15;

Pursuant to Law No. 85/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Civil Procedure Code, the Administrative Procedure Law, the Law on Justice for Minors, the Law on Bankruptcy, and the Law on Mediation and Dialogue at Court;

Pursuant to the National Assembly’s Resolution No. 202/2025/QH15 on arrangement of provincial-level administrative units;

RESOLVES:

Article 1. To organize the implementation of the Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Courts

From the date Law No. 81/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Courts was passed by the National Assembly to the date it takes effect (July 1, 2025):

1. The Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court shall review, and make preparations concerning, the organizational apparatus, personnel, physical foundations and other necessary conditions to ensure the operation of people’s courts at all levels in accordance with the Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Courts.

2. In pursuance to Articles 4, 40, 47 and 60 of the Law on Organization of People’s Courts, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Law No. 81/2025/QH15, and requirements of the practical adjudication at each court, the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court shall propose the National Assembly Standing Committee:

a/ To approve proposals for establishment of the appellate tribunals of the Supreme People’s Court, and directorates, departments and the equivalent, and the press agency of the Supreme People’s Court;

b/ To establish provincial-level people’s courts and regional people’s courts; to provide the scope of territorial jurisdiction of regional people’s courts;

c/ To provide the scope of territorial jurisdiction of a number of provincial-level people’s courts over requests for cancellation of arbitral awards and registration of ad hoc arbitral awards;

d/ To provide the scope of territorial jurisdiction of a number of regional people’s courts to settle bankruptcy matters; civil, business and commercial matters, and intellectual property and technology transfer-related administrative cases;

dd/ To decide on the list of members of the National Council for Judge Selection and Supervision;

e/ To amend and supplement the National Assembly Standing Committee’s Resolution No. 67/2025/UBTVQH15 of February 6, 2025, specifying ranks, conditions for each rank, rank promotion, and number and structure of ranks of judges of people’s courts.

3. In pursuance to Articles 56, 60 and 77 of the Law on Organization of People’s Courts, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Law No. 81/2025/QH15, and requirements of the practical adjudication at each court, the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court shall:

a/ Decide on the establishment of the agencies and units specified at Points b, c and dd, Clause 1, Article 47 of the Law on Organization of People’s Courts;

b/ Define the tasks, powers, organizational apparatus and scope of territorial jurisdiction of the appellate tribunals of the Supreme People’s Court; and define the tasks, powers and organizational apparatus of the directorates, departments and the equivalent, training and further training institutions, and the press agency of the Supreme People’s Court;

c/ Decide on the establishment of specialized tribunals in provincial-level people’s courts and regional people’s courts;

d/ Decide on the establishment, and define the tasks and powers, of the assisting apparatus in provincial-level people’s courts and regional people’s courts.

4. The Supreme People’s Court, the appellate tribunals of the Supreme People’s Court, provincial-level people’s courts, and regional people’s courts shall use seals bearing the national emblem. In case of necessity, the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court shall decide on the use of additional seals like the seals already granted to the Supreme People’s Court, provincial-level people’s courts, regional people’s courts, and the units of the Supreme People’s Court.

Seal-using agencies shall register additional seals in accordance with the regulations on seal management and use.

Article 2. To organize the implementation of the Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Procuracies

From the date Law No. 82/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Procuracies was passed by the National Assembly to the date it takes effect (July 1, 2025):

1. The Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy shall review, and make preparations concerning, the organizational apparatus, personnel, physical foundations and other necessary conditions to ensure the operation of people’s procuracies at all levels in accordance with the Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Procuracies.

2. In pursuance to Articles 40, 49 and 63 of the Law on Organization of People’s Procuracies, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Law No. 82/2025/QH15, and requirements of practical work at each procuracy, the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy shall propose the National Assembly Standing Committee:

a/ To approve the working apparatus of the Supreme People’s Procuracy;

b/ To establish provincial-level people’s procuracies;

c/ To establish, and define the scope of territorial jurisdiction of, regional people’s procuracies.

3. In pursuance to Articles 40, 42, 46 and 48 of the Law on Organization of People’s Procuracies, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Law No. 82/2025/QH15, and requirements of practical work at each procuracy, the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy shall:

a/ Decide to establish public prosecution and appellate trial supervision institutes; and define the organizational structure, tasks and powers of the Office, investigating bodies, public prosecution and appellate trial supervision institutes, directorates, departments, institutes and the equivalent, training and further training institutions, the press agency, and other public non-business units of the Supreme People’s Procuracy;

b/ Decide to establish, and define the tasks and powers of, the working apparatus in provincial-level people’s procuracies and regional people’s procuracies.

4. The Supreme People’s Procuracy and its public prosecution and appellate trial supervision offices, provincial-level people’s procuracies and regional people’s procuracies shall use seals bearing the national emblem. In case of necessity, the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy shall decide on the use of additional seals like the seals already granted to the Supreme People’s Procuracy, provincial-level people’s procuracies, regional people’s procuracies, and the units of the Supreme People’s Procuracy.

Seal-using agencies shall register additional seals in accordance with the regulations on seal management and use.

Article 3. Transitional provisions for the implementation of the Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Courts, the procedure laws and other relevant laws for people’s courts

From the effective date (July 1, 2025) of Law No. 81/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Courts, Law No. 99/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Criminal Procedure Code, and Law No. 85/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Civil Procedure Code, the Administrative Procedure Law, the Law on Justice for Minors, the Law on Bankruptcy, and the Law on Mediation and Dialogue at Court:

1. The regional people’s courts with territorial jurisdiction shall take over the tasks of settling and trying criminal and administrative cases, civil matters and other matters that are currently settled by district-level people’s courts; and matters for which judgments and rulings of district-level people’s courts have been cancelled, for retrial according to first-instance procedures.

The regional people’s courts shall take over the rights and responsibilities of district-level people’s courts in accordance with law.

2. Provincial-level people’s courts shall perform the tasks of settling petitions or written requests for cassation or reopening trials to review legally effective judgments and rulings of district-level people’s courts; and matters for which judgments and rulings of district-level people’s courts have been cancelled, for retrial according to first-instance or appellate procedures.

Chief justices of provincial-level people’s courts have the jurisdiction to protest against legally effective judgments and rulings of district-level people’s courts according to cassation or reopening procedures. Provincial-level people’s courts shall review judgments and rulings of district-level people’s courts according to cassation or reopening procedures.

For criminal and administrative cases, civil matters and other matters falling under the jurisdiction of regional people’s courts that are accepted for settlement by provincial-level people’s courts before July 1, 2025, but remain incompletely settled:

a/ If the provincial-level people’s courts have received lawsuit initiation petitions or written requests for settlement of such cases and matters but have not yet accepted them for settlement, they shall transfer them to the regional people’s courts with territorial jurisdiction for settlement; if the provincial-level people’s courts have held meetings to record results of at-court mediation and dialogue and requested the recognition of successful mediation and dialogue results, they shall continue to consider and make rulings;

b/ If the provincial-level people’s courts have accepted such cases and matters for settlement according to first-instance procedures by July 1, 2025, but have yet to completely settle such cases and matters, they shall continue to settle such cases and matters.

The provincial-level people’s courts formed as a result of rearrangement of certain provincial-level people’s courts shall take over the rights and responsibilities of the rearranged  provincial-level people’s courts in accordance with law.

3. The appellate tribunals of the Supreme People’s Court with territorial jurisdiction shall take over the following tasks:

a/ To settle and try according to appellate procedures the criminal and administrative cases and civil matters that are currently settled by the superior courts; and matters for which judgments and rulings of the superior courts have been cancelled, for retrial according to appellate procedures;

b/ To try according to appellate procedures the criminal and administrative cases and civil matters that have been settled by provincial-level people’s courts according to first-instance procedures and are appealed or protested against;

c/ To settle review requests or protests against rulings to open or not to open bankruptcy procedures; and review requests or protests against rulings to declare enterprises or cooperatives bankrupt that fall under the jurisdiction of the superior people’s courts;

d/ To settle other matters falling under the jurisdiction of the superior people’s courts.

4. The chief justices of the appellate tribunals of the Supreme People’s Court shall propose the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court to consider and protest according to cassation or reopening procedures against legally effective judgments and rulings of the appellate tribunals of the Supreme People’s Court and provincial-level people’s courts in accordance with law.

5. The Supreme People’s Court shall take over the task of reviewing according to cassation or reopening procedures the legally effective judgments and rulings of provincial-level people’s courts that fall under the jurisdiction of the superior people’s courts.

 The Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court has the jurisdiction to protest according to cassation or reopening procedures against legally effective judgments and rulings for administrative cases, civil matters and other matters of the appellate tribunals of the Supreme People’s Court, the superior people’s courts, and district-level people’s courts; and protest according to cassation procedures against legally effective criminal judgments and rulings of the superior people’s courts and district-level people’s courts.

The Supreme People’s Court shall review according to cassation or reopening procedures the legally effective judgments and rulings of the appellate tribunals of the Supreme People’s Court for administrative cases, civil matters and other matters; and legally effective judgments and rulings of the superior people’s courts.

The Supreme People’s Court shall take over the rights and responsibilities of the superior people’s courts in accordance with law.

6. The Justice Council of the Supreme People’s Court organized in accordance with Law No. 34/2024/QH15 on Organization of People’s Courts may continue to perform/exercise its tasks/powers until the number of its members attains that specified in Clause 5, Article 1 of Law No. 81/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles the Law on Organization of People’s Courts.

7. People’s assessors who are elected to perform the task of adjudication at district-level people’s courts in accordance with Law No. 34/2024/QH15 on Organization of People’s Courts may continue to perform task of adjudication at regional people’s courts.

People’s assessors who are elected to perform the task of adjudication at provincial-level people’s courts may continue to perform the task of adjudication until provincial-level People’s Councils elect people’s assessors of the new term of office. The chief justices of provincial-level people’s courts shall decide on the number and lists of provincial-level people’s assessors to perform the task of adjudication at provincial-level people’s courts and regional people’s courts.

8. If an agreement to choose a court with jurisdiction over arbitral activities as specified in Clause 1, Article 7 of the Law on Commercial Arbitration is reached before July 1, 2025, the chosen court or the court taking over the rights and responsibilities of the chosen court has the jurisdiction to settle disputes.

9. The Supreme People’s Court may settle compensation in accordance with the Law on State Compensation Liability in the following cases:

a/ The Justice Council of the Supreme People’s Court cancels cassation or reopening rulings of the superior people’s courts that have determined that the defendants are guilty, and terminates the cases for the reason that no criminal acts were committed by the defendants or the defendants’ acts do not constitute crimes;

b/ The Justice Council of the Supreme People’s Court cancels cassation or reopening rulings of the superior people’s courts that have determined that the defendants are guilty for reinvestigation, but later the investigation or the cases has/have been terminated for the accused for the reason that no criminal acts were committed by the accused or the accused’s acts do not constitute crimes or the time limit for investigation of the cases has expired but it is still impossible to prove that the accused have committed crimes;

c/ The Justice Council of the Supreme People’s Court cancels cassation or reopening rulings of the superior people’s courts that have determined that the defendants are guilty for reinvestigation, but later the defendants have been declared innocent for the reason that no criminal acts were committed by the defendants or the defendants’ acts do not constitute crimes.

10. Provincial-level civil judgement execution agencies have the jurisdiction to execute judgments and rulings of people’s courts of urban districts, rural districts, towns or provincial cities and the equivalent; and judgments and rulings of the superior people’s courts.

11. The Supreme People’s Court shall guide the implementation of the provisions of this Article and other provisions for the implementation of the Law.

Article 4. Transitional provisions for the implementation of the Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Procuracies, the procedure laws and other relevant laws for people’s procuracies

From the effective date (July 1, 2025) of Law No. 82/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Procuracies, Law No. 99/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Criminal Procedure Code, and Law No. 85/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Civil Procedure Code, the Administrative Procedure Law, the Law on Justice for Minors, the Law on Bankruptcy, and the Law on Mediation and Dialogue at Court:

1. The regional people’s procuracies with territorial jurisdiction shall take over the task of settling administrative cases, criminal matters and cases, civil matters and other matters that are currently settled by district-level people’s courts; and matters and cases for which judgments and rulings of district-level people’s courts have been cancelled, for retrial  according to first-instance procedures.

The regional people’s courts shall take over the rights and responsibilities of district-level people’s procuracies in accordance with law.

2. Provincial-level people’s procuracies shall perform the tasks of settling petitions or written requests for protesting according cassation or reopening procedures and practicing the right to public prosecution and supervision of the review according to cassation or reopening procedures of legally effective judgments and rulings of district-level people’s courts which, before July 1, 2025, fall under the jurisdiction of the superior people’s procuracies; and practice the right to public prosecution and supervision of the settlement of cases and matters falling under the jurisdiction of provincial-level people’s courts as specified in Clause 2, Article 3 of this Resolution.

The chief procurators of provincial-level people’s procuracies have the jurisdiction to protest against legally effective judgments and rulings of district-level people’s courts according to cassation or reopening procedures.

Administrative cases, criminal matters and cases, civil matters and other matters falling under the jurisdiction of the regional people’s procuracies that are accepted for settlement by provincial-level people’s procuracies before July 1, 2025, but remain incompletely settled shall continue to be settled by provincial-level people’s procuracies.

The provincial-level people’s procuracies formed as a result of rearrangement of certain provincial-level people’s procuracies shall take over the rights and responsibilities of the rearranged provincial-level people’s procuracies in accordance with law.

3. The Supreme People’s Procuracy shall take over the task of settling petitions or written requests for protesting according to the cassation or reopening procedures against legally effective judgments and rulings of provincial-level people’s courts which, before July 1, 2025, fall under the jurisdiction of the superior people’s procuracies; and practice the right to public prosecution and supervision of the settlement of cases and matters falling under the jurisdiction of the Supreme People’s Court as specified in Clauses 3 and 5, Article 3 of this Resolution.

The Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy has the jurisdiction to protest according to cassation or reopening procedures against legally effective judgments and rulings for criminal cases, administrative cases, civil matters and other matters of the appellate tribunals of the Supreme People’s Court, the superior people’s courts and district-level people’s courts.

The Supreme People’s Procuracy shall take over the rights and responsibilities of the superior people’s procuracies in accordance with law.

4. The term of office of procurators appointed in accordance with Law No. 63/2014/QH13 on Organization of People’s Procuracies is as follows:

a/ The term of office of procurators of the Supreme People’s Procuracy who have been appointed under Law No. 63/2014/QH13 on Organization of People’s Procuracies must comply with Law No. 82/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Procuracies;

b/ Senior procurators, intermediate-level procurators, and primary-level procurators who have been appointed for the first time under Law No. 63/2014/QH13 on Organization of People’s Procuracies may continue to perform their tasks until the expiration of their term of office. The reappointment of procurators and term of office upon the reappointment must comply with Law No. 82/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Organization of People’s Procuracies;

c/ The term of office of senior procurators, intermediate-level procurators and primary-level procurators who have been reappointed or appointed to higher ranks under Law No. 63/2014/QH13 on Organization of People’s Procuracies shall last until they retire or are transferred to other jobs.

5. The Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy shall guide the implementation of the provisions of this Article and other provisions for the implementation of the Law.

Article 5. Transitional provisions for the implementation of a number of provisions of the Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Criminal Procedure Code

From the effective date of Law No. 99/2025/QH15 Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Criminal Procedure Code:

1. For cases that have been accepted for settlement by investigating bodies, agencies assigned to carry out a number of investigating activities, procuracies or courts before July 1, 2025, but remain unconcluded by July 1, 2025, it is allowed to apply the new provisions on investigation, prosecution and trial in absentia, the provisions on digitalization of case files, digital signatures and notification via digital platforms, and other provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Law No. 99/2025/QH15, except the case specified in Clause 2 of this Article.

2. In case persons sentenced to death send petitions for clemency to the President before July 1, 2025, and the President has yet to issue decisions to reject such petitions for clemency, Article 367 of the Criminal Procedure Code, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Law No. 99/2025/QH15, shall be applied, and the date for calculation of the time limit for the President to consider and decide on clemency shall be counted from:

a/ July 1, 2025, if the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court and the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy have submitted their proposals to the President;

b/ The date the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court and the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy submit their proposals to the President, if the Chief Justice of the Supreme People’s Court and the Procurator General of the Supreme People’s Procuracy have not yet submitted their proposals to the President.

Article 6. Implementation provisions 

1. This Resolution takes effect on July 1, 2025.

2. The operation of the superior people’s courts, the superior people’s procuracies, district-level people’s courts and district-level people’s procuracies shall be terminated from July 1, 2025.

3. The President, the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Government, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuracy shall, within the ambit of their functions, tasks and powers, implement this Resolution.-

This Resolution was adopted on June 27, 2025, by the 15^th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 9^th session.

Chairman of the National Assembly
TRAN THANH MAN