Resolution No. 140/NQ-CP 2025 Program of Action for reform of law making and enforcement for national development

RESOLUTION

Promulgating the Government’s Program of Action to implement the Political Bureau’s Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW of April 30, 2025, on reform of the law making and enforcement work to meet the national development requirements in the new era^[1]

THE GOVERNMENT

Pursuant to the February 18, 2025 Law on Organization of the Government;

Pursuant to the February 19, 2025 Law on Organization of Local Administration;

Pursuant to the Political Bureau’s Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW of April 30, 2025, on reform of the law making and enforcement work to meet the national development requirements in the new era;

At the proposal of the Minister of Justice in Report No. 63/TTr-BTP of May, 13, 2025;

Based on votes of the Government members,

RESOLVES:

Article 1. To promulgate together with this Resolution the Government’s Program of Action to implement the Political Bureau’s Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW of April 30, 2025, on reform of the law making and enforcement work to meet the national development requirements in the new era.

Article 2. This Resolution takes effect on the date of its signing.

Article 3. Ministers, heads of ministerial-level agencies, heads of government-attached agencies, chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees, and related agencies, organizations and individuals shall implement this Resolution.

On behalf of the Government
Prime Minister
PHAM MINH CHINH

GOVERNMENT’S PROGRAM OF ACTION TO IMPLEMENT THE POLITICAL BUREAU’S RESOLUTION No. 66-NQ/TW OF APRIL 30, 2025, ON REFORM OF THE LAW MAKING AND ENFORCEMENT WORK TO MEET THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS IN THE NEW ERA

(Promulgated together with the Government’s Resolution No. 140/NQ-CP
of May 17, 2025)

I. OBJECTIVES

1. To institutionalize and fully implement the viewpoints, objectives, tasks and solutions set out in the Political Bureau’s Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW of April 30, 2025, on reform of the law making and enforcement work to meet the national development requirements in the new era (below referred to as Resolution No. 66-NQ/ TW). In 2025, to basically complete the removal of “bottlenecks” caused by legal provisions. In 2027, to complete the amendment and supplementation of existing legal documents and promulgate new ones to ensure consistent legal grounds for the operation of the state apparatus after the 3-tier administration model. In 2028, to improve the legal system on investment and business, thus contributing to make Vietnam’s investment environment be in the group of top 3 ASEAN countries.

2. To determine specific tasks for ministries, sectors and localities to formulate their action plans, and organize, inspect, supervise and evaluate the implementation of Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW, realizing the goal of building a democratic, fair, complete, uniform, public, transparent and feasible legal system with a strict and consistent implementation mechanism, ensuring a legal basis for normal, continuous and smooth operation of restructured agencies, removing obstacles arising from reality, paving the way for development facilitation, mobilizing all the people and businesses to participate in socio-economic development so that by 2030, Vietnam will become a developing country, with a modern industry and upper-middle income; and by 2045, Vietnam will become a socialist-oriented developed country with a high income.

II. SPECIFIC TASKS

In order to achieve the objectives set out in Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW, in addition to regular tasks, ministries, ministerial-level agencies, government-attached agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall concretize, and organize the performance of, the following tasks:

1. Ensuring the Party’s comprehensive and direct leadership in the law making work and bringing into full play the Party’s characteristics in law making and enforcement

a/ To coordinate with the Party Central Committee’s Commission for Communication, Education and Mass Mobilization in organizing a National Conference to study and thoroughly grasp Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW under the direction of competent authorities.

b/ To formulate, promulgate and implement plans on regular and extensive public communication about the contents of Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW toward diversifying forms of communication through the press, radio, television, digital platforms, social networks and other electronic means; to concretize contents of public communication for each target group of people, businesses or administrations at all levels.

c/ To formulate and promulgate, and direct the implementation of, the Program of Action to implement Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW (below referred to as the Program of Action); to implement regulations to ensure the comprehensive and direct leadership of Party Committees at all levels over the institutionalization of the Party’s guidelines and policies into law, and intensify the inspection and supervision of this work; to lead and direct the contingent of cadres, Party members, civil servants and public employees to be exemplary, take the lead in observing and abiding by law, and spreading the spirit of supremacy of the Constitution and law.

d/ To regard the building and improvement of institutions and laws and inspection and supervision of law enforcement as the central and regular tasks of ministries and central sectors.

dd/ To strictly observe the discipline and regulations on control of power, and prevention and combat of corruption, waste, negative practices and “group interests” in law making and enforcement.

e/ In the assignment of tasks, heads of ministries and ministerial-level agencies shall personally lead and direct the law making work, take the main responsibility for the quality of policies and laws in the fields under their ministries’ and agencies’ management; associate the law making work with the evaluation, commendation and employment of cadres and application of sanctions and handling measures against those who fail to properly perform their responsibility to lead and direct the law making work.

g/ To take the initiative in reviewing master plans and consolidating the leaderships’ structure, ensuring that every ministry or ministerial-level agency has at least one leader with legal expertise; to transfer and rotate cadres and civil servants of ministries and the judicial sector to localities and work in ministries and central sectors to gain more practical experience.

2. Renewing the lawmaking mindset and orientations to meet the state management requirements while promoting creativity, liberating the whole production power and unleashing all resources for development

a/ To ensure that the law making work fully, properly and promptly institutionalizes the Party’s guidelines and policies; stems from the country’s common interests; makes institutions and laws become a competitive advantage; resolutely get rid of the mindset of “forbidding what cannot be managed”; to promote democracy, respect, guarantee and effectively protect human rights and citizens’ rights; to ensure a balance and rationality between the extent of restriction of rights and legitimate interests expected to be achieved. Upon the performance of the law-making task, it is required to work out solutions to ensure that the provisions of law are stable, simple, easy to implement, and center on the people and businesses. To properly bring into play the role of social ethics, professional code of ethics and community self-management rules in regulating social relations.

b/ To attach importance to and proactively study strategies and policies as soon as possible from reality, ranging from the world’s experience to Vietnam’s experience, thus helping improve predictability and quality of the policy and law making work.

c/ To strictly implement the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents; to step by step draft legal documents in a centralized and professional manner. Activities of reviewing and surveying practices, studying international experiences, assessing policy impacts, and selecting policies shall be carried out in a thorough, substantive and scientific manner. To take the initiative in intensifying the work of policy communication, particularly for policies that have great impacts on the society, people and enterprises. To strictly implement the mechanism of receiving and responding to comments of affected subjects; to refrain from leaving difficulties to the people and enterprises in the policy designing and lawmaking process.

d/ Within the ambit of their functions, tasks and powers, to formulate, or participate in the formulation and improvement of, the law on socialist-oriented market economy toward building a favorable, open, transparent and safe legal environment with low compliance costs; to thoroughly reduce and simplify investment, business and practice conditions and administrative procedures that are unreasonable; to promote innovative startup activities, and stabilize the business investment environment; to effectively perform tasks and solutions to reform, complete, and improve the quality of, institutions and policies, guarantee and effectively protect the ownership rights, property rights, the right to freedom of enterprise, and equal competition right of the private economy and guarantee the right to perform contracts of the private economy as required by the Political Bureau’s Resolution No. 68-NQ/TW of May 4, 2025, on private economy development, ensuring that the private economy is the most important driving force of the national economy.

To focus on formulating the law on science, technology, innovation and digital transformation, thereby creating a legal framework for addressing new and non-traditional issues (artificial intelligence, digital transformation, green transition, exploitation of data resources, cryptoassets, etc.) in order to form new growth drivers, and promote the development of new production forces and new industries, etc. To urgently amend, supplement, replace or annul existing legal documents or promulgate new ones to meet the requirements of implementing the policy of streamlining the organizational apparatus of the political system, and reorganizing administrative units in association with maximum decentralization and delegation of powers according to the motto “localities decide, localities do, localities take responsibility” and the restructuring of new development spaces in each locality. To formulate and improve the law on the organization and operation of judicial agencies and judicial support agencies in line with the judicial reform objectives and orientations, etc.

3. Making breakthroughs in the law enforcement work, ensuring that laws are implemented in a fair, strict, consistent, prompt, effective and efficient manner; closely associating law making with law enforcement

a/ To devise solutions to bring into fully play the spirit of serving the people and the mindset of facilitating the development and acting for the common interests of the contingent of cadres, civil servants and public employees; to consistently realize the viewpoint that people and enterprises may do what is not banned by law. To bring into play the role of the Vietnam Fatherland Front, social organizations and socio-professional organizations in overseeing law enforcement.

b/ To prioritize ensuring the effectiveness of law enforcement in order to promote the development of socio-economic affairs, science, technology, innovation and digital transformation and other important fields related to people’s life (food safety, environmental protection, assurance of security and safety in cyberspace, etc.).

c/ To focus on building a culture of law compliance, ensuring that supremacy of the Constitution and law is a standard of conduct of all subjects in society. To diversify methods of policy communication and law dissemination and education, especially through the application of digital technology; to prioritize important contents for broadcasting in the time frame that can attract a large number of audiences on the national radio and television system.

d/ To attach importance to law interpretation and law application guidance in order to ensure the practicability of legal documents.

dd/ To carry out regular examination, review, consolidation and systematization of legal documents.

e/ To intensify dialogues with, receipt of feedback and recommendations of, and prompt resolution of, legal difficulties and problems encountered by, individuals, organizations, enterprises and localities. To regularly evaluate the effectiveness of laws after their promulgation, intensify the application of technology and formulate mechanisms to promptly identify, comprehensively and synchronously address and remove as soon as possible “bottlenecks” caused by legal provisions.

g/ To strengthen the prevention and warning of law violations in tandem with the intensified supervision, examination, inspection, detection and strict and prompt handling of acts of law violation, particularly acts of corruption, negative practices, abuse of power and lack of responsibility; at the same time, to contribute to putting an end to the situation of shirking responsibility. It is forbidden to take advantage of the prevention and combat of corruption, waste and negative practices for personal gain or for interfering with or obstructing the normal operation of agencies, organizations and individuals.

h/ To refrain from “criminalizing” economic, administrative and civil relations; to refrain from using administrative measures to intervene in and settle civil and economic disputes.

4. Improving the efficiency of international cooperation and international law implementation

a/ To formulate and improve mechanisms for, and build the capacity of Vietnamese agencies and organizations to fully perform international legal obligations, thereby shaping the international legal order; to actively participate in the building of international institutions and law on the basis of effectively and flexibly taking advantages of Vietnam’s commitments to treaties to which the country is a contracting party.

b/ To continue to properly resolve emerging international legal issues, particularly investment and international trade disputes, in order to promptly protect the interests of the country and the nation, and lawful and legitimate rights and interests of Vietnamese individuals, organizations, enterprises and state agencies.

c/ To research, propose and implement special mechanisms for attracting, recruiting, training and further training highly qualified human resources with practical experience in international law and international cooperation in law and settlement of international disputes; to formulate a strategy for increasing the presence of Vietnamese experts in international legal organizations and international jurisdiction bodies to protect the interests of the country and the nation.

d/ To continue to proactively expand international cooperation in law and justice in an efficient and substantive manner, contributing to domestic socio-economic development; to pay attention to cooperation in contents that help make the legal system more complete and feasible to serve economic growth and guarantee human rights, ensuring that the law is strictly implemented, paying more attention to promoting the formation and development of long-term and sustainable law cooperation relations;

dd/ To build and develop a network of foreign legal experts, including also overseas Vietnamese, to support research and counseling on emerging issues in socio-economic development, science, technology, innovation and digital transformation.

5. Developing breakthrough solutions to improve the quality of human resources for legal affairs

a/ To implement special and outstanding policies, apply the reasonable remuneration and contracting regime to attract, and improve the quality of, human resources to participate in law making and enforcement tasks and activities.

b/ To implement mechanisms and policies to extend the working duration without holding positions for a number of cadres and civil servants who have reached the law-specified retirement age but possess high professional qualifications and in-depth practical experience in law making activities.

c/ To attract and receive excellent experts, legal scientists, jurists and lawyers into the public sector under regulations.

d/ To improve the quality of law training, develop prestigious key law training institutions; to resolutely terminate the operation of law training institutions that fail to meet the law-specified criteria and standards under the management of ministries, sectors and localities.

dd/ To pay attention to raising the quality of strategy and policy research institutions and legal research institutions under the management of ministries and sectors.

6. Intensifying digital transformation and application of artificial intelligence and big data in the law making and enforcement work

a/ To prioritize resources for construction and development of information technology infrastructure and big data databases, the application of digital technology and artificial intelligence serving the renovation and modernization of the law making and enforcement work, ensuring “correct, sufficient, clean and practical”, interconnected and easy-to-exploit and ease-to-use legal data, as well as information security and state secrets.

b/ To promptly and fully allocate funds for the formulation and immediate implementation of the Scheme on building of a big data database on law and the Scheme on application of artificial intelligence in the formulation, examination and review of legal documents; to perform the state management of law-making activities.

c/ To synchronously apply digital technology and digital transformation in law dissemination and education, provision of legal aid, and registration of security interests; to include law dissemination and education activities in the “digital learning” movement.

d/ To promote the development of digital technology enterprises to provide digital services and utilities in the field of law.

dd/ To apply special mechanisms and policies to make breakthroughs in scientific and technological development, innovation and national digital transformation for activities of digital transformation, and application of artificial intelligence and big data in the law making and enforcement work.

7. Implementing special financial mechanisms for the law making and enforcement work

a/ To reform the mechanism for allocating, managing and using budget funds for law-making activities, ensuring timeliness, right beneficiaries, sufficient funding and association with presumptive expenditures proportionate to outcomes and products of each task or activity. Heads of agencies assigned with law-making tasks and activities may take the initiative in, and take responsibility before law for, distributing, managing and using allocated funds.

b/ To allocate appropriate budget funds for the organization of law enforcement; to prioritize the provision of adequate resources for law dissemination and education and legal aid for special and disadvantaged subjects and ethnic minority people.

III. ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION

1. Based on the contents of Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW and the Program of Action, ministries, ministerial-level agencies, government-attached agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall, within the ambit of their functions and tasks, formulate, and organize the implementation of, plans on implementation of Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW and the Program of Action in June 2025.

2. Ministries, ministerial-level agencies, government-attached agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall review their programs and plans of action to implement the Party’s resolutions and the Government’s programs of action that remain effective and are related to law making and enforcement in order to adjust them synchronously and uniformly with the programs and plans of action to implement this Resolution, to be completed in 2025.

3. Ministers, heads of ministerial-level agencies and government-attached agencies and chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees shall focus on directing the performance of the tasks assigned to them in the Program of Action and the attached Appendix; intensify inspecting and urging the implementation of the Program of Action, and report performance results to the Ministry  of Justice before June 15 and before December 1 every year for summarization and reporting to the Government.

4. The Ministry of Justice shall assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with ministries, sectors and localities in, monitoring and urging the implementation of the Program of Action, promptly reporting and proposing to the Government and the Prime Minister necessary measures to ensure the synchronous and effective implementation of the Program of Action; closely follow the relevant contents of working programs of the Party Central Committee, the Political Bureau, the Secretariat, the National Assembly and the National Assembly Standing Committee in order to make reports under regulations.

5. The Ministry of Finance shall assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with ministries, sectors and localities in, ensuring funding sources for annual implementation under Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW.

6. In the course of implementation, if deeming it necessary to amend and supplement specific contents of the Program of Action, ministries, sectors and localities shall proactively propose them to the Ministry of Justice for summarization and reporting to the Government for consideration and decision.

Appendix

LIST OF TASKS TO IMPLEMENT THE GOVERNMENT’S PROGRAM OF ACTION TO IMPLEMENT THE POLITICAL BUREAU’S RESOLUTION No. 66-NQ/TW OF APRIL 30, 2025, ON REFORM OF THE LAW MAKING AND ENFORCEMENT WORK TO MEET THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS IN THE NEW ERA

(To the Program of Action promulgated together with the Government’s Resolution No. 140/NQ-CP of May 17, 2025)