Resolution 139/NQ-CP 2025 promulgating Plan to implement Resolution 198/2025/QH15 on special mechanisms and policies for private economy development

RESOLUTION

Promulgating the Government’s Plan to implement the National Assembly’s Resolution No. 198/2025/QH15 of May 17, 2025, on a number of special mechanisms and policies for private economy development^[1]

THE GOVERNMENT

Pursuant to the February 18, 2025 Law on Organization of the Government;

Pursuant to the Political Bureau’s Resolution No. 68-NQ/TW of May 4, 2025, on private economy development;

Pursuant to the National Assembly’s Resolution No. 198/2025/QH15 of May 17, 2025, on a number of special mechanisms and policies for private economy development;

Pursuant to the Government’s Decree No. 39/2022/ND-CP of June 18, 2022, promulgating the Working Regulation of the Government;

At the proposal of the Minister of Finance;

Based on the voting results of the Government Members,

RESOLVES:

Article 1. To promulgate together with this Resolution the Government’s Plan to implement the National Assembly’s Resolution No. 198/2025/QH15 of May 17, 2025, on a number of special mechanisms and policies for private economy development (below referred to as the Plan).

Article 2. This Resolution takes effect on the date of its signing.

Article 3. Ministers, heads of ministerial-level agencies and government-attached agencies, chairpersons of the People’s Committees of provinces and centrally run cities, heads of related agencies and organizations, and related individuals shall implement this Resolution.-

On behalf of the Government
 Prime Minister
PHAM MINH CHINH

GOVERNMENT’S PLAN

To implement the National Assembly’s Resolution No. 198/2025/QH15 of May 17, 2025, on a number of special mechanisms and policies for private economy development

(Promulgated together with the Government’s Resolution No. 139/NQ-CP
of May 17, 2025)

I. OBJECTIVES

1. To fully, synchronously and consistently institutionalize and implement the mechanisms and policies provided in the National Assembly’s Resolution No. 198/2025/QH15 of May 17, 2025, on a number of special mechanisms and policies for private economy development (below referred to as Resolution No. 198/2025/QH15).

2. To clearly define specific tasks as a basis for ministries, sectors and localities to organize, inspect, supervise and evaluate the implementation of Resolution No. 198/2025/QH15 to ensure the realization of the goal that the private economy becomes the most important driving force of the national economy.

II. SPECIFIC TASKS

To urgently implement Resolution No. 198/2025/QH15, in the coming time, in addition to their regular tasks, ministries, sectors and localities shall specify, and resolutely organize the implementation of, the following tasks:

1. Further improving the business environment, completing mechanisms and policies concerning inspection, examination, licensing, certification, competition and business bankruptcy

a/ Ministries, sectors and localities shall:

- By December 31, 2025, complete the review of existing business conditions and regulations and eliminate unnecessary business conditions and overlapping and inappropriate regulations that hinder the development of sole proprietorships; reduce administrative procedure processing time by at least 30%, law compliance costs by at least 30%, and business conditions by at least 30%, and continue significant reductions in the following years.

- Thoroughly apply digital transformation to minimize the time for processing administrative procedures, law compliance costs and business conditions in regulations on market entry and withdrawal, land, planning, investment, construction, tax, customs, insurance, intellectual property, standards, technical regulations, etc.; and launch the provision of public services to enterprises and business households irrespective of administrative boundaries.

- Ensure the completion of the goals and roadmaps specified in the Government’s Resolution No. 66/NQ-CP of March 26, 2025, on the Program to reduce and simplify administrative procedures related to production and business activities in 2025 and 2026.

- Urgently review business investment conditions for revision, or submit proposals to competent authorities for revision in order to fundamentally change business conditions in the form of licenses or certificates to notification of business conditions and enhance the effectiveness of post-licensing inspection work, except a few fields where licensing is mandatory according to international regulations and practices: to be completed in 2025 and 2026.

- Build a dedicated section on their websites or portals to receive and promptly resolve problems, feedback and recommendations from people, businesses and business households: to be completed in 2025.

- Review and classify examination subjects; end the situation of overlapping, duplicate and prolonged examinations of the same content and field; and ensure that the number of examinations at enterprises, business households and business individuals, including interdisciplinary examinations, must not exceed once a year, except cases in which an unscheduled examination is required when there are clear signs of violation.

- For the same content of state management, if an inspection has been conducted, no examination activities shall be conducted or if an examination has been conducted, no inspection activities shall be conducted, for enterprises, business households or business individuals in the same year, except cases with clear signs of violation.

- Strictly handle acts of abusing examination activities to harass or cause difficulties for enterprises and business households.

- Publicly post examination plans on their portals for the business community and business households to know and coordinate in implementation; promote online and remote examination activities; and prioritize examination activities based on electronic data, and minimize in-person examination activities.

- Develop and announce on their websites or portals the tools and solutions to provide early warnings to enterprises and business households about risks of law violations based on the integration of management data and warnings from state management agencies.

- Direct agencies and units to resolutely fight counterfeit, smuggled and copyright-infringing goods to protect the lawful rights and interests of enterprises and business households in accordance with law.

b/ The Ministry of Public Security shall finalize the draft Decree guiding the implementation of the Data Law to enhance data sharing and facilitate online and remote inspection and examination activities: to be completed in 2025.

c/ The Ministry of Finance shall:

- Assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with line ministries in, reviewing the list of conditional business lines under the Investment Law with a view to studying and reducing unnecessary conditional business lines: to be completed by December 31, 2026.

- Review, amend and supplement the laws on planning and investment to ensure full institutionalization of the Political Bureau’s Resolution No. 68-NQ/TW of May 4, 2025, on private economy development (below referred to as Resolution No. 68-NQ/TW): to be completed in 2025 and 2026.

d/ The Ministry of Industry and Trade shall:

- Promote the implementation of the Competition Law and guiding documents to ensure a fair, equal and transparent competitive environment among economic sectors; strictly handle acts of abusing dominant positions, monopolies, and acts of unfair competition; and enhance the effectiveness of the Vietnam Competition Commission.

- Review and amend the Government’s Decree No. 75/2019/ND-CP of September 26, 2019, prescribing sanctions for administrative violations in the field of competition to: (i) strictly handle violations of the competition law, especially privileges and monopolistic practices; and (ii) apply mechanisms and sanctions to ensure fair, equal and transparent competition among economic sectors: to be completed in 2025.

dd/ The Ministry of Home Affairs shall:

- Review and finalize the Law on Cadres and Civil Servants and guiding documents to: (i) specify the responsibilities of civil servants and heads of agencies and units in settlement of administrative procedures; (ii) add sanctions to strictly handle acts of corruption, personal gain, and harassment of cadres and civil servants; (iii) add a liability exemption mechanism for cadres and civil servants who have complied with procedures and regulations, and reaped no personal gain in the process of performing their duties, but losses still occurred due to objective risks; and (iv) supplement guidance on the public-duty responsibility of heads to support enterprises in connection with emulation and commendation work: to be completed in 2025 and 2026.

e/ The Ministry of Justice shall:

- Review and amend the Law on Handling of Administrative Violations and guiding documents to ensure that they impose strict sanctions for acts of unfair competition, manipulation, and policy profiteering: to be completed in 2026 and 2027.

- Strictly control the ultra vires regulation of business conditions in the process of appraising legal documents.

- Coordinate with the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuracy in amending the Bankruptcy Law to shorten the time for processing legal procedures, expand the scope of application of the fast-track bankruptcy procedures, promote the use of electronic litigation procedures, and reform the asset handling mechanism.

g/ The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism shall:

- Direct media and press agencies to enhance the quality and effectiveness of communication work; provide objective, honest and comprehensive information on the private economy; advocate and promote good, creative and efficient models and practices, and encourage the entrepreneurial spirit in the whole society.

- Strictly handle media and press agencies, organizations and individuals that commit acts of harassment or negative practices, or disseminate false and inaccurate information affecting enterprises, business households, business individuals and entrepreneurs, and make the results of such handling public.

h/ The Ministry of Agriculture and Environment shall urgently review, amend and supplement the land law to fully institutionalize Resolution No. 68-NQ/TW and Resolution No. 198/2025/QH15: to be completed in 2025 and 2026.

i/ The Government Inspectorate of Vietnam shall:

- Review and amend the Law on Inspection to strengthen the legal basis for conducting electronic and online inspections; adhere to the principle that the number of inspections (if any) for each enterprise, business household or business individual does not exceed once per year, except cases with clear signs of violation: to be completed in 2025 and 2026.

- Review and classify inspection subjects; end the situation of overlapping, duplicate and prolonged inspections of the same content and field; adhere to the principle that, for the same content of state management, if an inspection has been conducted, no examination activities shall be conducted or if an examination has been conducted, no inspection activities shall be conducted, for enterprises, business households or business individuals in the same year, except cases with clear signs of violation.

- Publicly post inspection plans on its Portal for the business community and business households to know and coordinate in implementation: to be completed in 2025.

- Strongly implement digital transformation in inspection activities; promote online and remote inspection activities; prioritize inspections based on electronic data and reduce in-person inspections; and strictly handle acts of abusing inspections to cause harassment or difficulties for enterprises and business households.

2. Handling violations and resolving cases in business activities

a/ The Ministry of Public Security shall promptly review and amend the Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code, closely coordinate with the court and procuracy systems at all levels to provide guidance and directions in the process of investigating and handling violations, adhering to the principle of clearly distinguishing between criminal, administrative and civil liabilities, and between legal persons and individuals in handling violations; promptly and effectively handle material evidence and assets without affecting the proof and resolution of matters and cases; promptly remedy the consequences of damage, put assets into use in order to unlock development resources, avoid loss and waste; guarantee the interests of the State and the lawful rights and interests of organizations and individuals; and comply with treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a contracting party, as prescribed in Article 5 of Resolution No. 198/2025/QH15, and at Point 2.3, Clause 2, Section II of Resolution No. 68-NQ/TW: to be completed in 2025.

b/ The Ministry of Justice shall:

- Review, amend and supplement the Civil Code and coordinate with the agencies in charge of amending and supplementing the Civil Procedure Code and the Law on Commercial Arbitration and guiding documents related to the fields of business and trade in order to: (i) reduce the time required to resolve contract disputes, trade disputes, especially international trade, ensuring speed, fairness, objectivity and equality; (ii) add a mechanism for strictly handling acts of delaying the performance of contractual payment obligations; and (iii) effectively protect the ownership of tangible and intangible assets of enterprises, business households and business individuals, minimizing legal risks: to be completed in 2026.

- Review and complete the Law on Handling of Administrative Violations and guiding documents, adding strict sanctions with sufficient deterrence for intellectual property infringements, counterfeiting, and violations in cyberspace: to be completed in 2026 and 2027.

c/ The Ministry of Science and Technology shall:

- Complete the intellectual property law, adding strict sanctions with sufficient deterrence for intellectual property infringements, counterfeiting, and violations in cyberspace: to be completed in 2025 and 2026.

- Upgrade the information technology system to ensure online processing of all procedures for establishing industrial property rights, minimize the time required to carry out procedures for requesting the grant of intellectual property rights, ensuring conformity with international practices; allocate sufficient resources and improve the financial mechanism for state management agencies in charge of intellectual property: to be completed in 2025 and 2026.

3. Supporting access to land, production and business premises, rent of houses and land areas being public assets

a/ The Ministry of Agriculture and Environment shall:

- Review and amend the Land Law and guiding documents, supplement mechanisms and policies to: (i) control fluctuations in land prices, especially prices of land for non-agricultural production and business purposes; (ii) require localities to asset aside land areas for investment in infrastructure of industrial parks, cottage industry zones and technology incubators for lease to hi-tech enterprises, small- and medium-sized enterprises and innovative startups; and introduce land rental support policies for the above subjects: to be completed in 2025 and 2026.

- Complete the establishment of the National Land Database and connect it with the National Data Center and related databases; and issue regulations on management, operation and exploitation of the National Land Database: to be completed in 2025.

b/ The Ministry of Finance shall:

- Review and amend the Government’s Decree No. 35/2022/ND-CP of May 28, 2022, on management of industrial parks and economic zones, supplementing mechanisms and policies requiring localities to set aside at least 20 hectares per  industrial park or 5% of the total land area with invested industrial park infrastructure for lease to hi-tech enterprises, small- and medium-sized enterprises and innovative startups: to be completed in 2025.

- Review and amend the Government’s Decree No. 108/2024/ND-CP of August 23, 2024, on management, use and exploitation of non-residential houses and land areas that are public assets to assign these assets to local organizations with the function of housing management and trading for management and exploitation, in order to guide the implementation of mechanisms and policies to support small- and medium-sized enterprises, supporting industry enterprises and innovative enterprises to rent local houses and land areas being public assets that have not yet been used or are unused in the localities: to be completed in 2025.

- Submit to the Government a document guiding the policy for hi-tech enterprises in the private economy sector, small- and medium-sized enterprises and innovative startups to receive a support at least equal to a 30% reduction in land rental within the first 5 years from the date of signing the land lease contracts with the project owners that commercially operate infrastructure facilities in industrial parks, cottage industry zones and technology incubators. This support amount will be refunded by the State to the project owners according to the Government’s regulations: to be completed in 2025.

- Review projects with procedural obstacles and slow progress nationwide, report solutions to competent authorities to expeditiously exploit wasted land resources, unused public land areas and working offices, and land areas involved in prolonged disputes and cases: to be completed in 2025 and 2026.

c/ The Ministry of Industry and Trade shall:

Review and amend the Government’s Decree No. 32/2024/ND-CP of March 15, 2024, on management and development of cottage industry zones to supplement mechanisms and policies to require localities to set aside at least 20 hectares per cottage industry zone or 5% of the total land areas with invested cottage industry zone infrastructure for lease to hi-tech enterprises, small- and medium-sized enterprises and innovative startups: to be completed in 2025.

d/ Local authorities shall:

- Promptly publicize land-use master plans and plans in their localities; and actively coordinate with political and social organizations in supporting enterprises in site clearance.

- Thoroughly apply digital transformation to provide online public services in all stages of the implementation of land-related administrative procedures, minimizing the time for settlement of land lease procedures and grant of land use rights certificates to people and enterprises by at least 30%.

- Urgently review and agree with the Ministry of Finance on a plan to handle houses and land areas being public assets that have not yet been used or are unused in the localities for lease to small- and medium-sized enterprises, supporting industry enterprises and innovative enterprises for production and business purposes.

- Issue a list of public assets available for lease along with regulations on criteria, support levels, forms of support, and the leasing procedures for each type of asset, and publicly post them on the local administrations’ websites: to be completed in 2025 and 2026.

- Based on the actual situation and the local budget-balancing capacity, proactively arrange local budgets to partially support the investment costs for building the infrastructure system of industrial parks, cottage industry zones and technology incubators; issue regulations on principles, criteria and investment support norms and determine the land areas with invested infrastructure of industrial parks, cottage industry zones and technology incubators reserved for lease or sublease to hi-tech enterprises in the private economy sector, small- and medium-sized enterprises, and innovative startups.

- Issue decisions on reduction of rates of land sublease to hi-tech enterprises in the private economy sector, small- and medium-sized enterprises and innovative startups in industrial parks, cottage industry zones and technology incubators.

4. Financial and credit support

a/ The State Bank of Vietnam shall:

- Submit to the Government for promulgation a document guiding the policy on the State’s provision of an interest rate subsidy of 2% per year through the system of commercial banks for enterprises in the private economy sector, business households and business individuals to borrow capital for implementing green, circular projects and applying the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards framework: to be completed in 2025.

b/ The Ministry of Finance shall:

- Submit to the Government for promulgation a document guiding the state policy of providing an interest rate support of 2%/year through off-budget state financial funds for enterprises in the private economy sector, business households and business individuals to borrow capital for implementing green, circular projects and applying the ESG standards framework: to be completed in 2025.

- Review and amend the Government’s Decree No. 39/2019/ND-CP of May 10, 2019, on the organization and operation of the Small and Medium Enterprise Development Fund, and the Government’s Decree No. 45/2024/ND-CP of April 26, 2024, to supplement provisions on: (i) providing loans to small- and medium-sized enterprises; (ii) providing loans to startups; (iii) providing seed capital for innovative startup projects and incubator projects; (iv) investing in local investment funds and private investment funds to increase capital supply for small- and medium-sized enterprises and innovative startups; and (v) receiving and managing loans, donations, aid, contributions and entrusted funds from organizations and individuals to support small- and medium-sized enterprises: to be completed in 2025.

5. Support in terms of taxes, charges and fees

The Ministry of Finance shall:

- Submit to the Government a document guiding the implementation of the following policies: (i) exemption from corporate income tax for 2 years and 50% reduction in payable tax amounts for the subsequent 4 years for income from innovative startup activities of innovative startup enterprises, innovative startup investment fund management companies, and intermediary organizations supporting innovative startups; (ii) exemption from personal income tax and corporate income tax for income from the transfer of shares, capital contributions, rights to contribute capital, rights to purchase shares and rights to purchase capital contributions in innovative startup enterprises; (iii) exemption from personal income tax for 2 years and 50% reduction in payable tax amounts for the subsequent 4 years for income from salaries and wages received by experts and scientists from innovative startup enterprises, research and development centers, innovation centers, and intermediary organizations supporting innovative startup enterprises; (iv) exemption from corporate income tax for small- and medium-sized enterprises for 3 years from the date of being granted the first business registration certificates; and (v) allowing large enterprises to include costs of training and retraining human resources for small- and medium-sized enterprises participating in the chains in deductible expenses to determine taxable income when calculating corporate income tax: to be completed in 2025.

- Review, amend and supplement or report to competent authorities to amend and supplement relevant legal documents on business households and business individuals not applying the presumptive tax method from January 1, 2026.

6. Incentives in contractor selection

The Ministry of Finance shall submit to the Government a document guiding the policy for state budget-funded construction and installation bidding packages, procurement bidding packages, and mixed bidding packages for goods supply and construction and installation with a bidding package price not exceeding VND 20 billion for small- and medium-sized enterprises, giving priority to enterprises owned by young people, women, ethnic minority people or people with disabilities, and those located in mountainous, border or island areas: to be completed in 2025.

7. Support for research, development and application of science and technology, innovation and digital transformation

The Ministry of Finance shall:

- Submit to the Government a document guiding the implementation of the following policies: (i) Enterprises may deduct up to 20% of their taxable income to establish their funds for the development of science and technology, innovation and digital transformation; and may use the funds to implement by themselves or outsource science and technology research and development and innovation under the product-based contracting mechanism; and (ii) Enterprises may deduct 200% of the actual cost for research and development activities to determine taxable income when calculating corporate income tax according to the Government’s regulations: to be completed in 2025.

- Guide the mechanism for managing and using the state budget to provide free digital platforms and shared accounting software for small- and micro-sized enterprises, business households and business individuals according to Government regulations: to be completed in 2025.

8. Support to improve corporate governance capacity and human resource quality

In 2025, the Ministry of Finance shall:

- Formulate and submit to the Prime Minister for promulgation a program to train and further train 10,000 chief executive officers by 2030.

- Formulate and submit to the Government a document guiding the provision of certain free services, including legal consulting, training in corporate governance, accounting, tax and human resources for small- and micro-sized enterprises, business households and business individuals.

9. Order placement, restricted bidding, and contractor appointment to implement key and important national projects

The Ministry of Finance shall submit to the Government a document guiding the following policies: (i) increasing the participation of enterprises in the private economic sector in key projects of great significance to socio-economic development and in important national projects through direct investment or investment in the form of public-private partnership or cooperation between the State and the private sector in accordance with law; and (ii) allowing competent persons and project owners to choose any of the forms of order placement or restricted bidding or contractor appointment or other appropriate forms as prescribed by law for implementation in strategic fields, of key and important national scientific research projects and tasks, high-speed railways, urban railways, foundational industries, spearhead industries, energy infrastructure, digital infrastructure, green transport, national defense and security, and other urgent tasks, ensuring publicity, transparency, quality, progress, efficiency and accountability: to be completed in 2025.

10. Supporting the formation and development of medium- and large-sized enterprises, and private economic groups of regional and global stature

a/ The Ministry of Finance shall formulate and submit to the Prime Minister for promulgation a program to develop 1,000 typical enterprises that lead in science and technology, innovation, digital transformation and green transition, hi-tech industries and supporting industries: to be completed in 2025.

b/ The Ministry of Industry and Trade shall formulate and submit to the Prime Minister for promulgation a program to reach out to global markets (Go Global) to support enterprises in terms of market, capital, technology, branding, distribution channels, logistics, insurance, legal consulting, business dispute resolution, trade, mergers and acquisitions, and connections with multinational corporations: to be completed in 2025.

III. ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION

1. Within the ambit of their respective functions and tasks, ministers, heads of ministerial-level agencies and government-attached agencies, and chairpersons of the People’s Committees of provinces and centrally run cities shall:

a/ Urgently direct the review, amendment, supplementation and completion of laws related to business investment activities to fully institutionalize Resolution No. 68-NQ/TW and Resolution No. 198/2025/QH15.

b/ Prioritize the allocation of adequate financial and human resources to resolutely implement the specific tasks outlined in the Plan; regularly examine, urge, supervise, and ensure the timely and quality implementation of, the goals, tasks and solutions outlined in the Plan.

c/ Before November 30 every year, send a report on the implementation of this Resolution to the Ministry of Finance for summarization and reporting to the Government before December 25 every year.

2. Ministers, and heads of the ministries and agencies of: Finance, Home Affairs, Science and Technology, Justice, and the State Bank of Vietnam shall, within the ambit of their respective functions and tasks, assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with related agencies in, promptly conducting reviews to supplement and promptly institutionalize the viewpoints, objectives, tasks and solutions referred to in Resolution No. 68-NQ/TW into the draft laws and resolutions being submitted to the National Assembly for passage at the 9^th session of the 15^th National Assembly, in accordance with the Government’s direction in Resolution No. 129/NQ-CP of May 14, 2025; proactively report to competent authorities to request issuance of official documents to be submitted  to the National Assembly and the National Assembly Standing Committee before May 31, 2025, to ensure the timely supplementation and completion, and submit these documents to the National Assembly for passage according to the session’s agenda.

3. The Ministry of Finance shall assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with ministries, sectors, localities, organizations and associations in, monitoring and urging the implementation of the Plan, and promptly report and propose necessary measures to the Prime Minister and the Government to ensure the synchronous and effective implementation of the Plan.

4. In the course of implementation, if finding it necessary to amend or supplement specific contents of the Plan, ministries, sectors and localities shall proactively propose such amendments to the Ministry of Finance for summarization and reporting to the Prime Minister for consideration and decision.-

Appendix

LIST OF TASKS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN

(Attached to the Plan promulgated together with the Government’s Resolution
No. 139/NQ-CP of May 17, 2025)