Law on Teachers 2025, No. 73/2025/QH15

LAW

On Teachers^[1]

Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;

The National Assembly promulgates the Law on Teachers.

Chapter I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of regulation

This Law prescribes professional activities, rights and obligations of teachers; titles and professional standards of teachers; recruitment and employment of teachers; salary and remuneration policies for teachers; training, further training and international cooperation for teachers; honoring and commendation of teachers, handling violations committed by teachers; and management of teachers.

Article 2. Subjects of application

1. Teachers who are recruited to teach and educate in education institutions within the national education system.

2. State management agencies in charge of education, educational administration agencies, and education institutions within the national education system.

3. Organizations and individuals related to professional activities of teachers.

Article 3. Position and role of teachers

1. Teachers constitute the core force of the education sector, have an important position in society, and are respected, protected and honored.

2. Teachers play a decisive role in ensuring the quality of education; play an important role in building human resources, and building a learning society, a digital society, and an advanced culture deeply imbued with national identity.

Article 4. Interpretation of terms

In this Law, the terms below are construed as follows:

1. Teacher means a person who teaches and educates in early childhood education programs, general education programs, continuing education programs, pre-university programs, or special education programs for people with disabilities; or teaches and educates in elementary- or intermediate-level training programs at vocational education institutions.

2. Lecturer means a teacher who teaches training programs at the college and higher level; training and further training programs for cadres, civil servants and public employees in schools of state agencies and political organizations; training and further training programs for officers, non-commissioned officers, professional army men and defense workers and civil servants; or further training programs for leading and state management officials on national defense and security tasks and knowledge at schools of the people’s armed forces.

3. Educational administration agency means a specialized agency in the field of education or a unit with functions and competence to assist state management agencies at all levels in the field of education.

4. Non-public education institution means a people-founded education institution or a private education institution within the national education system.

5. Educational administrator means a person who performs the task of state management of education and training within the ambit of his/her competence assigned by the educational administration agency.

6. Head of education institution means the rector or director of an education institution, responsible for managing and operating the activities of the education institution.

7. Education institution manager means a person holding a management position and responsible for operating and organizing the implementation of one or several task(s) within an education institution.

8. Dispatch of teacher means the transfer of a teacher from one public education institution to another or from a public education institution to an educational administration agency at the request of a competent authority.

9. Transfer of teacher means the transfer of a teacher from one public education institution to another or to another agency or unit at the teacher’s own request.

Article 5. Principles of teacher management and development

1. Ensuring compliance with the Party’s policies and guidelines and the State’s policies and laws.

2. Standardizing and improving teacher quality.

3. Implementing gender equality.

4. Respecting for and ensuring autonomy and creativity in teachers’ professional activities.

5. Implementing decentralization and delegation among and ensuring coordination with state management agencies in teacher management and development.

6. Ensuring autonomy associated with accountability of education institutions in teacher management and development.

Article 6. The State’s policies on building and developing the contingent of teachers

1. The State plays a leading role in building and developing the contingent of teachers, ensuring the quantity, structure and quality of teachers.

2. Attracting and preferentially treating highly qualified people, talented people, people with special aptitudes, and people with high vocational skills to become teachers.

3. Attracting teachers to participate in teaching and education in ethnic minority areas, mountainous areas, border areas, on islands, or in areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions.

4. Protecting the reputation, honor and dignity of teachers in their professional activities.

5. Giving priority in terms of salaries and remuneration to teachers.

6. Encouraging teachers to innovate and be creative in their professional activities.

7. Supporting training and and further training for continuous professional development for teachers.

8. Encouraging, and creating conditions for, teachers who are Vietnamese citizens to study, teach, conduct scientific research, and engage in academic exchanges with foreign education institutions and organizations; and for teachers and scientists who are foreigners and overseas Vietnamese to study, teach, conduct scientific research, and engage in academic exchanges with education institutions and organizations in Vietnam.

9. Mobilizing social resources for the building and development of the contingent of teachers.

Chapter II

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES, RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF TEACHERS

Article 7. Professional activities of teachers

1. Professional activities of teachers are specialized, innovative and creative activities that help learners comprehensively develop their qualities and abilities through teaching, educating, and setting an example.

2. Professional activities of teachers include:

a/ Preparing and organizing teaching, educational and assessment activities for learners;

b/ Studying and receiving further training;

c/ Conducting scientific research;

d/ Serving the community;

dd/ Other professional activities.

3. Professional activities of teachers specified at Points a and b, Clause 2 of this Article shall be carried out for each school year or course.

4. Professional activities of teachers are defined based on the level of education and training to perform the following tasks:

a/ Early childhood teachers shall perform the tasks of nurturing, caring for, educating and protecting children under the early childhood education program;

b/ Primary school, lower secondary school, upper secondary school and pre-university teachers shall perform the tasks of teaching and educating in subjects and educational activities under the general education program or the pre-university program;

c/ Continuing education teachers shall perform the tasks of teaching and education under the continuing education program;

d/ Vocational education teachers and lecturers shall perform the tasks of teaching, educating and guiding learners under elementary-, intermediate- and college-level training programs and other vocational training programs; and shall perform scientific research tasks;

dd/ University lecturers shall perform the tasks of teaching, educating and guiding learners under the higher education program; and shall perform scientific research tasks;

e/ Lecturers in schools of state agencies, political organizations and the people’s armed forces shall perform the tasks of teaching and guiding learners under training and further training programs.

Article 8. Rights of teachers

1. Teachers in public education institutions may exercise the rights prescribed by the law on public employees and other relevant laws. Teachers in non-public education institutions may exercise the rights prescribed by the labor law and other relevant laws.

2. In addition to the rights specified in Clause 1 of this Article, teachers also have the following rights:

a/ To teach and educate in accordance with their training majors; to proactively allocate time and arrange content according to the educational program; to select and use documents and learning materials for teaching and educational activities; to comment, evaluate, participate in commending and disciplining, learners in accordance with law as well as the regulations on organization and operation of education institutions;

b/ To conduct scientific research and transfer scientific research products, and enjoy preferential policies in scientific research activities; to participate in managing and operating enterprises established by higher education institutions that operate in the fields of scientific development, innovation, and technology application and transfer in accordance with law;

c/ To be respected and have their reputation, honor and dignity protected; to be treated equally in their activities and career development;

d/ To have summer vacations and other holidays as prescribed by law;

dd/ To receive training and further training for higher qualifications;

e/ To participate in teaching and scientific research activities at other agencies, organizations and units in accordance with law as well as the regulations on organization and operation of education institutions.

Article 9. Obligations of teachers

1. Teachers in public education institutions shall perform their obligations in accordance with the law on public employees and other relevant laws. Teachers in non-public education institutions shall perform their obligations in accordance with the labor law and other relevant laws.

2. In addition to the obligations specified in Clause 1 of this Article, teachers also have the following obligations:

a/ To teach and educate in accordance with the objectives and principles of education; to fully and qualitatively implement the educational program;

b/ To maintain the qualities, prestige, honor, dignity and ethics of teachers; to set an example in professional activities and social conduct; to ensure academic integrity;

c/ To promote the qualities and capabilities of learners, and discover and nurture their aptitudes;

d/ To respect and fairly treat learners, and protect their lawful and legitimate rights and interests;

dd/ To perform scientific research tasks; to research and apply educational science; to update and improve practical skills, and access new technologies in accordance with law;

e/ To participate in building a safe, democratic, innovative and creative educational environment.

Article 10. Regulations on teachers’ ethics

1. Regulations on teachers’ ethics include the code of conduct for teachers in their relationships with learners, colleagues, learners’ families and the community.

2. The Minister of Education and Training shall promulgate regulations on the code of conduct for teachers.

Article 11. Prohibited acts

1. Teachers in public education institutions may not commit the acts that public employees are prohibited from committing, as prescribed in the law on public employees and other relevant laws. Teachers in non-public education institutions may not commit acts prohibited in the field of labor under the labor law and other relevant laws.

2. In addition to the acts specified in Clause 1 of this Article, teachers are prohibited from committing the following acts:

a/ Discriminating among learners in any form;

b/ Cheating, or intentionally falsifying results in enrollment and learner assessment activities;

c/ Forcing learners to participate in extra classes in any form;

d/ Forcing learners to pay money or material benefits beyond those prescribed by law;

dd/ Taking advantage of their titles and professional activities to commit illegal acts.

3. Acts that organizations and individuals are prohibited from committing against teachers include:

a/ Failing to fully implement the regimes and policies prescribed by law for teachers;

b/ Posting or spreading information that attributes responsibility to teachers in their professional activities without conclusions issued by competent agencies;

c/ Other prohibited acts as prescribed by law.

Chapter III

TEACHER TITLES AND TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

Article 12. Teacher titles

1. Teacher title is a concept that demonstrates the qualifications, and professional capacity and skills of teachers at each level of education and training.

2. Teacher titles shall be determined based on the requirements of professional activities at each level of education and training.

3. The appointment and change of teacher titles shall be carried out as suitable to the conditions of each education institution in the national education system.

4. The determination of equivalent teacher titles at each level of education and training must comply with the regulations promulgated by the Minister of Education and Training.

5. The Government shall detail Clauses 1, 2 and 3 of this Article.

Article 13. Teachers’ professional standards

1. Teachers’ professional standards are a system of standards for each teacher title, including standards on teachers’ ethics; standards on training and further training levels; and standards on professional capacity and skills.

2. Teachers’ professional standards shall be applied uniformly to teachers in public education institutions and non-public education institutions.

3. Education administration agencies and education institutions shall use teachers’ professional standards in recruiting, arranging, evaluating, training and  further training teachers; and formulating and implementing policies for developing the contingent of teachers.

4. Teachers shall use professional standards to self-assess their qualities and capacity; and to formulate and implement plans for training, further training and continuous professional development.

5. The Minister of Education and Training shall promulgate detailed regulations on teachers’ professional standards, except the case specified in Clause 6 of this Article.

6. The Minister of Public Security and the Minister of National Defense shall promulgate detailed regulations on professional standards for teachers under their respective management.

Chapter IV

RECRUITMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OF TEACHERS

Article 14. Recruitment of teachers

1. Content and methods of recruitment of teachers:

a/ Recruitment content shall be based on teachers’ professional standards;

b/ Recruitment methods consist of examination and selection, including pedagogical practice.

2. Recruitment competence:

a/ For public vocational education institutions and public higher education institutions, the recruitment of teachers shall be conducted by the heads of the education institutions;

b/ For non-public education institutions, the recruitment of teachers shall be conducted by the heads of the education institutions in accordance with their regulations on organization and operation of education institutions;

c/ For schools of the people’s armed forces, the competence to recruit teachers must comply with the regulations promulgated by the Minister of National Defense or the Minister of Public Security;

d/ For education  institutions other than those specified at Points a, b and c of this Clause, the competence to recruit teachers must comply with the regulations promulgated by the Minister of Education and Training.

3. Priority in recruitment shall be given to:

a/ People who have performed teaching and education tasks in job positions relevant to the job positions to be filled;

b/ For vocational education, people with high vocational skills and experience in production, business or service activities suitable for the disciplines or occupations to be taught;

c/ Other cases of priority in recruitment as prescribed by law.

4. People who are ineligible to register for recruitment include:

a/ People who have lost civil act capacity, have limited civil act capacity, or have difficulty in cognition and behavior control;

b/ People who are being examined for penal liability; are serving a criminal sentence or court ruling; or are subject to sending to a compulsory drug rehabilitation facility or a compulsory education institution;

c/ Persons with criminal records for crimes against national security, or crimes against human life, health, dignity or honor as prescribed by the Penal Code.

5. Contracts for teachers include employment contracts, which must comply with the law on public employees, and labor contracts, which must comply with the labor law.

6. The Government shall detail Clause 1; Points a and b, Clause 2; and Clauses 3 and 4, of this Article; and specify the conditions, order and procedures for recruiting foreign teachers.

Article 15. Admission of teachers in public education institutions

1. People eligible for being considered for admission as teachers include those who are accepted to work as public employees in accordance with the law on public employees and those who are entitled to the attraction and preferential treatment policies specified in Article 25 of this Law.

2. Based on the conditions for recruitment registration and the requirements of the job positions to be filled, the competent recruitment agency or person shall examine candidates’ qualifications and standards and organize examinations and tests.

3. Based on the results of the examination and testing, the head of the competent recruitment agency shall decide to admit the people who meet the requirements, conditions and standards of the relevant job positions.

4. The Government shall promulgate detailed regulations on the conditions, order and procedures for admitting teachers.

Article 16. Working regime for teachers

1. The working regime for teachers includes working time, annual summer vacation, and other holidays as prescribed by law.

2. Working time of teachers is the time for performing professional activities specified in Clause 2, Article 7 of this Law.

3. Annual summer vacations and other holidays for teachers shall be arranged appropriately for teachers of each level of education and training and type of education institution according to the Government’s regulations.

4. The Minister of Education and Training shall promulgate detailed regulations on the working regime for teachers at each level of education and training, except the case specified in Clause 5 of this Article.

5. The Minister of Public Security and the Minister of National Defense shall promulgate detailed regulations on the working regime for teachers under their respective management.

Article 17. Dispatch of teachers

1. Dispatch of teachers shall be carried out in the following cases:

a/ Rearrangement of teachers due to restructuring of education institutions or to address teacher surpluses or shortages;

b/ Implementation of policies for teachers after the end of their working time in ethnic minority areas, mountainous areas or border areas, on islands or in areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions;

c/ Support to improve the quality of teaching, education and management at education institutions;

d/ Meeting the requirements and professional tasks of educational administration agencies.

2. Principles of teacher dispatch:

a/ Teachers to be dispatched must meet the requirements of the job positions they will undertake;

b/ Teacher dispatch shall be conducted in a public, transparent, objective and lawful manner.

3. Cases in which dispatch is not permitted:

a/ Female teachers who are pregnant or raising children under 36 months of age; teachers in extremely difficult circumstances; teachers whose spouses have been dispatched, seconded or assigned to work in ethnic minority areas, mountainous areas or border areas, on islands or in areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions.

Dispatch may still be conducted for teachers specified at this Point if they so wish;

b/ Teachers who fall into the cases not yet required to be transferred to other working positions in accordance with the law against corruption and other relevant laws.

4. The Government shall promulgate detailed regulations on the competence to dispatch teachers and teachers subject to dispatch; and regulations on the reservation of regimes and policies in teacher dispatch.

Article 18. Secondment of teachers

The secondment of teachers in public education institutions must comply with the provisions of the law on public employees regarding secondment of public employees.

Article 19. Transfer of teachers

1. The transfer of teachers shall be approved by the education institutions, agencies or units from and to which the teachers are transferred. These education institutions, agencies or units shall report on the transfer to their management agencies in accordance with law.

2. Transfer is not permitted for:

a/ Teachers who are being considered for disciplinary action; or are undergoing inspection, verification, investigation, prosecution or adjudication;

b/ Teachers who have worked for less than 3 years since the date of recruitment, except cases of voluntary transfer to education institutions in ethnic minority areas, mountainous areas or border areas, on islands, or in areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions.

3. The education institution from which a teacher is transferred shall terminate its contract with the teacher; the education institution, agency or unit to which a teacher is transferred shall receive the teacher.

4. The Government shall detail this Article.

Article 20. Teachers in public education institutions engaged in inter-school and inter-level teaching

1. Inter-school and inter-level teaching means that a teacher is assigned by an educational administration agency to concurrently teach and educate at 2 or more education institutions of the same level or different levels; at 2 or more levels within a multi-level education institution; or at 2 or more training levels within a multi-training level education institution.

2. The assignment of teachers for inter-school and inter-level teaching shall be based on the geographical area, professional qualifications and skills, and working regimes and must ensure the regimes and policies for teachers.

3. Education institutions with teachers engaging in inter-school and inter-level teaching shall unify the arrangement and assignment of teaching and education activities and create conditions for teachers to accomplish their tasks.

4. The Government shall detail this Article.

Article 21. Teachers as education institution managers

1. Teachers as education institution managers must meet the standards, conditions, capability and reputation as prescribed by law.

2. Teachers as education institution managers are entitled to the regimes and policies for their management positions; if they teach with a sufficient amount of time as required by law, they are entitled to the regimes and policies for teachers.

Article 22. Evaluation of teachers

1. Teachers shall be periodically evaluated, either annually or by school year; evaluated upon change in their job positions, appointment, relief from duty, personnel planning, training, further training, consideration for commendation or disciplining, and implementation of other regimes and policies as prescribed by law and in accordance with the regulations of their education institutions.

2. Evaluation of teachers shall be based on teachers’ professional standards and relevant regulations.

3. The order and procedures for evaluating teachers in public education institutions must comply with the law on public employees and other relevant laws; the order and procedures for evaluating teachers in non-public education institutions must comply with their institutions’ regulations.

4. The Government shall detail Clause 2 of this Article.

Chapter V

SALARY AND REMUNERATION POLICIES FOR TEACHERS

Article 23. Salaries and allowances for teachers

1. Salaries and allowances for teachers in public education institutions:

a/ Teachers’ salaries shall be ranked highest in the administrative and non-business salary scale system;

b/ Profession-based preferential allowance and other allowances shall be based on the nature of jobs and based on geographical area as prescribed by law;

c/ Early childhood teachers; teachers working in ethnic minority areas, mountainous areas or border areas, on islands, or in areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions; teachers teaching at specialized schools; teachers providing inclusive education; and teachers working in certain specific sectors or occupations are entitled to higher salaries and allowances than those for teachers working under normal conditions.

2. The salaries of teachers in non-public education institutions must comply with the labor law.

3. Teachers working in sectors and occupations with special regimes are entitled to these special regimes in accordance with law and may only receive the highest level of benefits if such policies coincide with those for teachers.

4. The Government shall detail this Article.

Article 24. Teacher support policies

1. Teacher support policies include:

a/ Subsidies based on the nature of jobs and based on geographical area;

b/ Support for training and further training;

c/ Support for periodical health care and occupational health care;

d/ Mobility allowances for teachers engaged in illiteracy eradication or education universalization, working on a secondment basis, undertaking intensive teaching or inter-school teaching, or teaching at school branches;

dd/ Other support policies for teachers as prescribed by the law on public employees, the labor law and other relevant laws.

2. In addition to the policies specified in Clause 1 of this Article, teachers working in ethnic minority areas, mountainous areas or border areas, on islands, or in areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions; teachers teaching at specialized schools; teachers providing inclusive education; teachers teaching ethnic minority languages; teachers who teach Vietnamese language to ethnic minority students; and teachers who teach gifted and artistic subjects are entitled to some of the following support policies:

a/ Renting official-duty housing in accordance with the housing law or being arranged collective accommodation when coming to work in ethnic minority areas, mountainous areas or border areas, on islands or in areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions. In case collective accommodation or official-duty housing cannot be arranged, they shall be provided with housing rental support at the same level as the support for renting official-duty housing in accordance with law;

b/ Support for payment of travel expenses in accordance with law during the period of working in areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions;

c/ Allowances and subsidies applicable to different categories of beneficiaries.

3. Localities and education institutions shall adopt support policies for teachers to ensure teachers’ livelihoods and career development as suitable to their actual conditions and financial resources.

4. The Government shall detail this Article.

Article 25. Attraction and preferential treatment policies for teachers

1. Beneficiaries of attraction and preferential treatment policies include:

a/ Highly qualified people, talented people, people with special aptitudes, and people with high vocational skills;

b/ People working in ethnic minority areas, mountainous areas or border areas, on islands, or in areas with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions;

c/ Teachers performing teaching, education and scientific research tasks in a number of key and essential fields to meet the needs of socio-economic development.

2. Attraction and preferential treatment policies include priorities in recruitment and admission; salaries and allowances; training and further training; personnel planning and appointment; working conditions and equipment; and welfare, and other policies as prescribed by law.

3. Localities and education institutions shall adopt attraction and preferential treatment policies for teachers as suitable to their actual conditions and financial resources.

4. The Government shall detail this Article.

Article 26. Retirement regime for teachers

1. The retirement age of teachers must comply with the Labor Code and relevant laws, except the cases specified in Clause 2 of this Article and in Article 27 of this Law.

2. Teachers in early childhood education institutions may, if they wish, retire at an age lower than the retirement age of laborers under normal conditions, but the early retirement period must not exceed 5 years. In case they have paid social insurance premiums for full 15 years or more, the percentage of their pension benefits will not be reduced because of early retirement.

Article 27. Late retirement for teachers in public education institutions

1. Teachers with the title of professor or associate professor or with a doctoral degree and teachers working in specific specialized fields or sectors, are eligible for late retirement.

2. Late retirement may be applied when required by education institutions; and when teachers are physically fit, voluntarily agree, and meet the standards and conditions set by their education institutions.

3. The late retirement period must not exceed:

a/ Five years, for teachers with a doctoral degree;

b/ Seven years, for teachers with the title of associate professor; or,

c/ Ten years, for teachers with the title of professor.

4. During the late retirement period specified in Clause 3 of this Article, teachers may not hold management positions.

5. The Government shall promulgate detailed regulations on the process and procedures for late retirement; and implementation of late retirement for teachers in specific specialized fields and sectors.

Chapter VI

TRAINING, FURTHER TRAINING AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR TEACHERS

Article 28. Standard training qualifications for teachers

1. Except the case specified in Clause 2 of this Article, the standard training qualification for teachers is specified as follows:

a/ Possessing a college or higher degree in pedagogy, for early childhood teachers;

b/ Possessing a bachelor’s or higher degree in teacher training relevant to the subject and training level, or possessing a bachelor’s or higher degree in a major relevant to the subject and teaching level, and possessing a certificate of pedagogical skills, for primary, lower secondary and upper secondary school teachers;

c/ Possessing a master’s or higher degree, for teachers teaching at bachelor’s level; possessing a doctoral degree, for teachers teaching at the postgraduate level and guiding master’s dissertations and doctoral theses;

d/ The standard training qualification for teachers in vocational education institutions must comply with the Law on Vocational Education.

2. The Government shall prescribe the standard training qualifications for teachers of special subjects, teachers of ethnic minority languages; teachers of professions and occupations in the fields of health, culture, arts, physical education and sports; and teachers performing training and further training tasks in schools of state agencies, political organizations and the people’s armed forces.

3. The Government shall set the roadmap for implementing the standard training qualifications for early childhood, primary and lower secondary school teachers specified at Points a and b, Clause 1 of this Article. The employment of teachers who fail to meet the standard training qualifications specified at Points a and b, Clause 1 of this Article during the implementation of the roadmap must comply with the regulations promulgated by the Minister of Education and Training.

Article 29. Teacher training and further training

1. Teacher training and further training programs include:

a/ Training to meet standard qualifications; training to improve qualifications;

b/ Further training based on professional standards;

c/ Further training based on standards, titles and positions of leadership and management;

d/ Regular further training.

2. The State shall provide financial support for implementing teacher training and further training programs specified in Clause 1 of this Article.

3. The Government shall detail this Article.

Article 30. Responsibilities and rights of teachers participating in training and further training

1. Responsibilities of teachers participating in training and further training:

a/ To fully participate in and complete the training and further training programs;

b/ To comply with the rules and regulations of the training and further training institutions;

c/ To have a sense of self-study, lifelong learning, and continuous career development;

d/ To give opinions on the content of the training program and the organization of training and further training;

dd/ To apply the results of training and further training to their professional activities.

2. Rights of teachers participating in training and further training:

a/ To be provided with favorable conditions in terms of time to participate in training and further training. The period of participation in training and further training according to the programs specified in Clause 1, Article 29 of this Law shall be counted as continuous working time of teachers;

b/ To receive financial support when assigned to participate in the training and further training programs specified in Clause 1, Article 29 of this Law.

Article 31. Objectives, principles, contents and forms of international cooperation for teachers

1. International cooperation for teachers aims to contribute to building and developing the contingent of teachers in the direction of standardization, modernization and international integration; affirming the position of teachers as Vietnamese citizens in teaching, education and scientific research activities in the region and the world.

2. International cooperation for teachers must comply with Vietnam’s law and treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a contracting party.

3. Contents of international cooperation for teachers include:

a/ Teachers as Vietnamese citizens participating in study, teaching, scientific research, academic exchange and other international cooperation activities with foreign education institutions and organizations;

b/ Foreign teachers participating in study, teaching, scientific research, academic exchange and other international cooperation activities with Vietnamese education institutions and organizations.

4. Forms of international cooperation for teachers include:

a/ Exchange of teachers within the framework of treaties and international agreements on education;

b/ Training and further training of teachers abroad, using state budget funds, foreign donations through the Vietnamese Government, or through cooperation between domestic education institutions and foreign education institutions in accordance with law;

c/ Accepting teachers to teach and work in education institutions established under investment programs and projects signed between Vietnam and foreign organizations and individuals;

d/ Participating in regional and global educational organizations and professional associations;

dd/ Attending regional and global forums, conferences, seminars and educational activities;

e/ Teachers as Vietnamese citizens going abroad and foreign teachers coming to Vietnam to study, teach, conduct scientific research, or conduct academic exchanges according to their personal needs, either on their own or under contract.

5. The Government shall detail this Article.

Chapter VII

HONORING, COMMENDATION AND DISCIPLINING OF, AND HANDLING OF VIOLATIONS AGAINST, TEACHERS

Article 32. Vietnamese Teachers’ Day

November 20 every year is the Vietnamese Teachers’ Day.

Article 33. Awarding of the titles of People’s Teacher and Meritorious Teacher

Teachers, educational administrators and education institution managers who meet the criteria prescribed by law shall be awarded the title of People’s Teacher or Meritorious Teacher by the State.

Article 34. Commendation for teachers and agencies, organizations and individuals that have made contributions to the building and development of the contingent of teachers

1. Commendation for teachers and agencies, organizations and individuals that have made contributions to the building and development of the contingent of teachers must comply with the Law on Emulation and Commendation.

2. In addition to the forms of emulation and commendation specified in Clause 1 of this Article, localities and education institutions may apply forms of honoring and commending teachers and agencies, organizations and individuals that have made contributions to the building and development of the contingent of teachers as suitable to their actual conditions.

Article 35. Disciplinary action against teachers

1. Disciplinary action against teachers who are public employees in public education institutions must comply with the provisions on disciplinary action against public employees under the law on public employees and other relevant laws.

2. Disciplinary action against teachers working under labor contracts in public education institutions and non-public education institutions must comply with the provisions on disciplinary action against employees under the labor law, the regulations on organization and operation of their education institutions, and other relevant laws.

3. Disciplinary action against teachers may not affect learners’ learning activities. The process of considering and disciplining teachers shall be conducted in a humane manner, protecting the image and reputation of teachers.

Article 36. Suspension from teaching

1. During the period of consideration and disciplinary action, the head of an education institution shall decide to suspend a teacher from teaching if the teacher’s continued teaching may impede the consideration and disciplinary action or may affect the teacher’s reputation or the learners’ mental well-being; in case the head of an education institution shows signs of violation, the competent authority that appointed such person him/her shall issue a decision to suspend him/her from teaching.

2. For teachers in public education institutions, the period of suspension from teaching and salary during the period of suspension from teaching must comply with the law on public employees and other relevant laws.

3. For teachers in non-public education institutions, the period of suspension from teaching and salary during the period of suspension from teaching must comply with the labor law and other relevant laws.

Article 37. Handling of violations against acts hurting the reputation, honor and dignity of teachers

1. Organizations and individuals that commit acts hurting the reputation, honor and dignity of teachers shall, depending on the nature and severity of their violations, be subject to disciplinary action, administrative sanctioning or examination for penal liability; if causing damage, they shall pay compensation in accordance with law.

2. Acts hurting the reputation, honor and dignity of teachers occurring within the premises of education institutions or while teachers are performing professional activities shall be strictly handled in accordance with law.

Chapter VIII

TEACHER MANAGEMENT

Article 38. State management of teachers

1. The Government shall perform the unified state management of teachers.

2. The Ministry of Education and Training shall act as the focal point responsible to the Government for performing the state management of teachers, having the following tasks:

a/ To formulate and submit to competent agencies for promulgation, or promulgate according to its competence and organizing the implementation of, legal documents on teachers;

b/ To assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees in, formulating strategies, schemes, development plans, and total payrolls of teachers under its management for submission to competent authorities for decision;

c/ To coordinate with ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees in proposing to competent agencies for approval the payrolls of teachers in public education institutions;

d/ To build and manage databases and statistics on teachers;

dd/ To inspect the responsibility for state management of teachers;

e/ To perform other tasks in accordance with law.

3. Ministries, ministerial-level agencies, and People’s Committees at all levels, shall, within the ambit of their assigned tasks and powers, perform the state management of teachers.

Article 39. Management of teachers in education institutions

1. Contents of management of teachers in education institutions include:

a/ Formulating plans for teacher development and job position schemes;

b/ Recruiting within to assigned competence, signing and terminating contracts, and settling regimes upon job termination for teachers;

c/ Appointing and changing teacher titles;

d/ Evaluating teachers;

dd/ Arranging, assigning and employing teachers;

e/ Suspending teachers from teaching; commending and disciplining teachers;

g/ Implementing salary regimes, policies on remuneration, support, attraction and preferential treatment of teachers; implementing training and further training regimes for teachers;

h/ Building and managing teacher data; implementing the regime of reporting on teachers;

i/ Creating a favorable and safe environment for teachers’ professional activities;

k/ Conducting internal examinations and settling complaints and denunciations against teachers;

l/ Other contents as prescribed by law.

2. Public education institutions that have been granted autonomy and non-public education institutions shall perform the teacher management contents specified in Clause 1 of this Article.

3. For public education institutions that have not been granted autonomy, the competent agencies managing the education institutions shall perform teacher management or authorize the heads of the education institutions to implement the teacher management contents specified in Clause 1 of this Article.

Chapter IX

IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS

Article 40. To amend and supplement Article 66 of Law No. 41/2024/QH15 on Social Insurance

To add Clause 3a below Clause 3, Article 66 as follows:

“3a. The monthly pension level of the subjects specified in Clause 2, Article 26 of the Law on Teachers shall be calculated under Clause 1 of this Article. In case of early retirement, the percentage of pension benefits specified in Clause 3 of this Article will not be reduced.”.

Article 41. Effect

1. This Law takes effect on January 1, 2026.

2. The application of the Law on Teachers to teachers in schools of state agencies, political organizations and the people’s armed forces shall be prescribed by the Government.

Article 42. Transitional provisions

1. In case a competent authority has approved a scheme or plan for organizing the recruitment of teachers and considering the promotion of teachers’ professional titles before the effective date of this Law, the approved scheme or plan will be further implemented within 12 months from the effective date of this Law.

2. Teachers will continue to receive seniority allowances until the reform of the salary policy for cadres, civil servants, public employees, the people’s armed forces, and employees in enterprises.-

This Law was passed on June 16, 2025, by the 15^th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 9^th session.

  Chairman of the National Assembly
TRAN THANH MAN