Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Education Law, No. 123/2025/QH15

LAW

AMENDING AND SUPPLEMENTING A NUMBER OF ARTICLES OF THE EDUCATION LAW

Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which was amended and supplemented under Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;

The National Assembly promulgates the Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Education Law No. 43/2019/QH14.

Article 1. Amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Education Law

1. To amend and supplement a number of points and clauses of Article 6 as follows:

1. To amend and supplement Points c and d, Clause 2 as follows:

“c) Vocational education, which provides training at elementary, vocational secondary, intermediate and college levels, and other vocational training programs;

d) Higher education, which provides training at bachelor’s level and postgraduate levels.”

b) To amend and supplement Clause 3 as follows:

“3. The Prime Minister shall decide to approve the Framework Structure of the National Education System and the Vietnamese Qualifications Framework; prescribe the training time and standards for each training level, and the minimum learning volume for each education level and training level of vocational education and higher education; prescribe the time, standards, target groups, and minimum learning volume applicable to education and training programs for special disciplines and occupations in the fields of arts, physical education and sports, and other fields.”

2. To amend and supplement Clauses 2 and 3 of Article 9 as follows:

“2. Streaming in education means the measure of organizing educational operations on the basis of implementing career orientation in education in order to create conditions for students, after completing lower secondary education, upper secondary education, vocational secondary education and equivalent programs, to continue learning at higher education or training levels or to join the workforce in conformity with their personal competencies, strengths, aptitudes and circumstances, as well as social demands.

3. The Minister of Education and Training shall stipulate in detail career orientation and streaming in education.”.

3. To amend and supplement Article 12 as follows:

“Article 12. Diplomas and certificates

1. Diplomas of the national education system are documents in paper or digital form which are awarded to learners upon graduation from upper secondary education; or to learners who complete an educational program or a training program and reach the outcome standards of the corresponding level in vocational education or higher education in accordance with this Law.

2. Diplomas of the national education system include the upper secondary education diploma, vocational secondary diploma, intermediate diploma, college diploma, bachelor’s diploma, master’s diploma, doctor’s diploma, and diplomas of intensive training programs for a number of special disciplines and fields.

3. Certificates of the national education system are documents in paper or digital form which are awarded to learners to acknowledge their learning outcomes after completing training or further training to improve their academic or professional qualifications, or awarded to learners who take certification examinations in accordance with regulations.

4. Diplomas and certificates issued by education institutions providing training in different types and forms within the national education system have the same legal value.

5. The Minister of Education and Training shall prescribe in detail the management of diplomas and certificates of the national education system and the recognition of other certificates for use within the national education system.”.

4. To amend and supplement a number of clauses of Article 14 as follows:

a) To amend and supplement Clause 1 as follows:

“1. Primary education and lower secondary education are compulsory education.

The State shall conduct the universalization of early childhood education for children aged from 03 years to 06 years.”.

b) To add Clause 5 after Clause 4 as follows:

“5. The Government shall stipulate in detail Clauses 1 and 2 of this Article.”.

5. To amend and supplement Article 19 as follows:

“Article 19. Science, technology and innovation activities

1. Science, technology and innovation activities constitute a task of education institutions and shall be organized and implemented in conformity with the objectives, programs and tasks of each education level and training level.

2. Education institutions shall themselves carry out, or coordinate with science and technology organizations and production-business-service establishments in, education and training, scientific research, technology development and innovation activities in accordance with the law provisions.

3. The State shall adopt policies to encourage and promote scientific research, technology development and innovation, and application of technology and controlled artificial intelligence in education institutions, ensuring alignment with practical requirements and access to international trends, so as to improve education quality and develop human resources, with a focus on developing high-quality human resources to meet socio-economic development requirements.

4. The State shall invest in comprehensive digital transformation in education and training through the development of digital infrastructure, digital platforms, the national database on education and training, and the application of digital technologies, so as to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of governance, state management, teaching and learning, and scientific research, technology and innovation activities.

5. The State shall adopt priority policies and create conditions for investment in infrastructure and technology, and provide training support in order to promote research, application and development of artificial intelligence in education and training.

6. The Government shall stipulate in detail this Article.”.

6. To amend and supplement Point b, Clause 1, Article 25 as follows:

“b) Prescribe the requirements to be achieved in terms of qualities and competencies after completion of nursery education and pre-primary education; prescribe the contents, educational operations, methods, forms, education environment, and evaluation of the development of children.”

7. To amend and supplement a number of points and clauses of Article 28 as follows:

a) To amend and supplement Point c, Clause 1 as follows:

“c) Upper secondary education lasts for 03 academic years, from the tenth grade to the twelfth grade. Students entering the tenth grade must complete the lower secondary education program or an equivalent program. The age of entrance to the tenth grade is 15 years, calculated by year.”;

b) To amend and supplement Clause 4 as follows:

“4. The Minister of Education and Training shall prescribe the teaching and learning of Vietnamese for ethnic minority children before entering the first grade; the teaching of upper secondary education knowledge in vocational education institutions; the teaching of general education knowledge in training programs for special disciplines and occupations; and the cases in which students are eligible for grade skipping or admission to a grade at an age higher or lower than the age prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article.”.

8. To amend and supplement Article 32 as follows:

“Article 32. General education textbooks and local education materials

1. General education textbooks are prescribed as follows:

a) Textbooks are used to implement the general education program and must concretize requirements of the general education program regarding educational objectives and contents, and requirements on students’ qualifications and competencies; set orientations on teaching approaches and methods of examining and evaluating educational quality; the contents and forms of textbooks must not show prejudice with regard to ethnicity, religion, occupation, gender, age and social status; textbooks may take the form of print textbooks, Braille textbooks and electronic textbooks;

b) The Government shall prescribe the provision of free textbooks for students; the Minister of Education and Training shall decide on one set of general education textbooks for uniform use nationwide;

c) The National Council for Appraisal of Textbooks shall be prescribed and established by the Minister of Education and Training for each study subject and educational operation to appraise textbooks. The Council and its members shall take responsibility for the appraisal contents and quality;

d) The Minister of Education and Training shall approve textbooks for use in general education institutions after such textbooks are appraised and rated as meeting requirements by the National Council for Appraisal of Textbooks; prescribe the standards on and process of compiling and revising general education textbooks.

2. Local education materials are prescribed as follows:

a) Local education materials shall be compiled by specialized agencies of provincial-level People’s Committees to meet demands and suit characteristics of their localities;

b) Councils for appraisal of local education materials shall be decided to be established by the chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees. The councils and their members shall take responsibility for the appraisal contents and quality;

c) The chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees shall approve local education materials for use in general education institutions after such materials are appraised and rated as meeting requirements by provincial-level appraisal councils;

d) The Minister of Education and Training shall prescribe the standards on and process of compiling, revising and appraising local education materials.”.

9. To amend and supplement Article 34 as follows:

“Article 34. Certification of completion of the primary, lower secondary and upper secondary education programs and award of the upper secondary diploma

1. A student who has completed the primary education program or the lower secondary education program and fully meets the conditions prescribed by the Minister of Education and Training shall be certified by the principal of his/her school in his/her school record as having completed the primary education program or the lower secondary education program.

2. A student who has completed the upper secondary education program and fully meets the conditions prescribed by the Minister of Education and Training may take a graduation exam and, if meeting the requirements, shall be awarded the upper secondary diploma by the principal of his/her school.

In cases where a student does not take the exam or fails to meet the requirements, he/she shall be awarded a certificate of completion of the general education program by the principal of his/her school. The certificate of completion of the general education program shall be used for registration to take the exam for the upper secondary diploma upon the learner’s demand or for enrollment in vocational education, and shall be used in specific cases prescribed by law.”.

10. To amend and supplement Article 35 as follows:

“Article 35. Education levels and training levels of vocational education

1. Training at the elementary level and other vocational training programs shall be provided for persons with appropriate educational attainment.

2. Vocational secondary education shall be provided for persons who have completed the lower secondary education program or an equivalent program; vocational secondary education is at the same education level as upper secondary education.

3. Training at the intermediate and college levels shall be provided for persons who have graduated from upper secondary education, vocational secondary education or an equivalent level or higher. Training at the intermediate level in special disciplines and occupations in the fields of arts, physical education and sports, and other fields shall comply with the provisions of the Prime Minister.”.

11. To amend and supplement Article 38 as follows:

“Article 38. Training levels of higher education

1. Training at the bachelor’s level shall be provided for learners who have graduated from upper secondary education, vocational secondary education or an equivalent level or higher.

2. Postgraduate training includes:

a) Training at the master’s level for learners who possess a bachelor’s level or higher;

b) Training at the doctor’s level for learners who possess a master’s level, or learners who possess a bachelor’s level or higher.

3. The Minister of Education and Training shall prescribe articulation between vocational secondary education, intermediate level, college level and bachelor’s level.”.

12. To amend and supplement Point d, Clause 1, Article 43 as follows:

“d) Lower secondary education programs and educational programs under programs to award diplomas of the national education system.”.

13. To amend and supplement Clause 4, Article 44 as follows:

“4. General education institutions, vocational education institutions and higher education institutions, when carrying out continuing education programs, must ensure the fulfillment of their education and training tasks; and shall implement the programs prescribed at Point d, Clause 1, Article 43 of this Law in accordance with regulations of the Minister of Education and Training.”

14. To amend and supplement Clauses 2 and 3, Article 45 as follows:

“2. A trainee who has completed the lower secondary education program prescribed at Point d, Clause 1, Article 43 of this Law and fully meets the conditions prescribed by the Minister of Education and Training shall be certified by the head of the education institution implementing the lower secondary education program in his/her school record as having completed the lower secondary education program.

3. A trainee who has completed the upper secondary education program prescribed at Point d, Clause 1, Article 43 of this Law and fully meets the conditions prescribed by the Minister of Education and Training may take a graduation exam and, if meeting the requirements, shall be awarded the upper secondary diploma by the head of the education institution implementing the upper secondary education program.

In cases where a trainee does not take the exam or fails to meet the requirements, he/she shall be awarded a certificate of completion of the general education program by the head of the education institution implementing the continuing education program prescribed in Clause 4, Article 44 of this Law.”.

15. To amend and supplement Article 52 as follows:

“Article 52. Competence and procedures for establishment or permission for establishment; licensing of educational operations; suspension of enrollment; suspension of educational operations; revocation of decisions on establishment or permission for establishment; revocation of licenses for educational operations; change of locations of educational operations or training locations; merger, division, splitting, dissolution, and renaming of schools

1. The establishment or permission for establishment, licensing of educational operations, suspension of enrollment, suspension of educational operations, revocation of decisions on establishment or permission for establishment, revocation of licenses for educational operations, change of locations of educational operations or training locations, merger, division, splitting and dissolution of schools must be in conformity with strategies, planning, socio-economic development requirements, objectives of each education level and training level, and the schools’ financial capacity, facilities, teaching staff, and other quality assurance conditions.

2. The competence to establish public schools and permit the establishment of people-founded and private schools is vested in:

a) Chairpersons of commune-level People’s Committees, for early childhood schools, primary schools and lower secondary schools; multi-level general education schools, semi-boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, boarding general education schools, with lower secondary education being the highest education level;

b) Chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees, for upper secondary schools; multi-level general education schools, semi-boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, boarding general education schools, with upper secondary education being the highest education level; intermediate schools and vocational secondary schools located in their provinces; and early childhood schools, primary schools, lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools established at the request of foreign diplomatic missions or inter-governmental organizations;

c) The Minister of Education and Training, for pre-university schools, colleges, universities and general universities;

d) The Minister of National Defense, for early childhood schools, upper secondary schools, intermediate schools and colleges attached to the Ministry of National Defence; and the Minister of Public Security, for upper secondary schools, intermediate schools and colleges attached to the Ministry of Public Security.

3. The competence to license educational operations for schools at different education levels and training levels shall be exercised in accordance with Government regulations.

Persons competent to license educational operations shall be competent to decide on suspension of enrollment, suspension of educational operations, and revocation of licenses for educational operations.

4. Persons competent to establish or permit the establishment of schools shall be competent to revoke decisions on establishment or permission for establishment; decide on changes of locations of educational operations or training locations; decide on merger, division, splitting, dissolution and renaming of schools.

In cases of merger between schools established by authorities of different levels, the authority of the higher level shall decide; where the establishing authorities are of the same level, such authorities shall reach agreement to decide.

5. The Government shall stipulate conditions and procedures for establishment or permission for establishment; licensing of educational operations; suspension of enrollment; suspension of educational operations; revocation of decisions on establishment or permission for establishment; revocation of licenses for educational operations; change of locations of educational operations or training locations; merger, division, splitting, dissolution and renaming of schools.”.

16. To amend and supplement Clause 3, Article 54 as follows:

“3. Investors establishing a private education institution may opt for one of the following methods:

a) Making investment to establish an economic institution in accordance with the Law on Investment and the Law on Enterprises for such economic institution to establish a private education institution in accordance with this Law;

b) Making direct investment to establish a private education institution in accordance with this Law.

In case there are two or more investors, an economic institution must be established to carry out the establishment of the education institution in accordance with Point a, Clause 3 of this Article.”.

17. To amend and supplement Article 55 as follows:

“Article 55. School council

1. School councils of private vocational education institutions, private higher education institutions, and vocational education institutions and higher education institutions established under agreements between the Government of Vietnam and foreign governments shall be implemented in accordance with the Law on Vocational Education and the Law on Higher Education.

2. The school council of a people-founded nursery school is the organization that administers the school, is nominated by the residential community having established the school, and is responsible for deciding on operational orientations, development planning and plans, organization and personnel, finances and assets, and for ensuring the fulfillment of educational goals in conformity with the law provisions.

The school council shall be composed of representatives of the residential community, representatives of the commune-level local administration, and persons contributing capital to build and maintain the operation of the school.

3. The school council of a private nursery school or a private general education institution is the organization that administers the school, exercises the right to represent investors and parties with related interests, and is responsible for organizing the implementation of investors’ decisions.

The school council of a private nursery school or a private general education institution shall be composed of representatives of investors and internal and external members who are elected or decided by the investors’ meeting according to their capital contribution proportions.

4. The procedures for establishment, organizational structure, tasks and powers of school councils; and the relationship between investors and school councils and school principals prescribed in Clauses 2 and 3 of this Article shall be specified in the charter and the organization and operation regulations of the school.”.

18. To amend and supplement a number of clauses of Article 61 as follows:

a) To amend and supplement Clause 1 as follows:

“1. The State shall establish boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, semi-boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, boarding general education schools, and pre-university schools for learners being ethnic minority people, learners permanently residing in areas with extreme socio-economic difficulties, ethnic minority and mountainous areas, and border communes.”;

b) To amend and supplement Clause 3 as follows:

“3. The Minister of Education and Training shall promulgate the regulations on organization and operation, and prescribe the conditions under which students are eligible to attend boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, semi-boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, boarding general education schools, and pre-university schools.”.

19. To amend and supplement Clause 1, Article 62 as follows:

“1. Schools for gifted students shall be established at the level of upper secondary education for students with outstanding achievements in learning, aiming to develop their aptitudes for certain subjects on the basis of ensuring comprehensive general education, creating sources for talent training, and meeting the country’s development requirements.

Schools for students with art, physical education and sport aptitudes, and other aptitude-based schools shall be established to discover, nurture and develop students’ talents and specialized skills in the corresponding fields.”

20. To add Clause 3 after Clause 2, Article 63 as follows:

“3. The Minister of Education and Training shall promulgate the regulations on organization and operation of schools and classes for people with disabilities.”.

21. To amend and supplement Article 66 as follows:

“Article 66. Teachers in education institutions of the national education system

1. Teachers in education institutions of the national education system include:

a) Full-time teachers, being teachers who are recruited and work on a full-time basis at only one education institution;

b) Concurrent teachers of public vocational education institutions and public higher education institutions, who shall be subject to the provisions of the Law on Vocational Education and the Law on Higher Education;

c) Full-time contract teachers after retirement, being teachers who, after retirement, enter into full-time labor contracts with education institutions to perform teachers’ duties;

d) Visiting teachers, being persons invited by education institutions to participate in teaching at least one subject, module, course unit, specialized topic or content in education programs or training programs implemented by the education institutions. Visiting teachers include visiting teachers and visiting lecturers.

2. Full-time teachers shall be subject to the provisions of the Law on Teachers.

3. The Minister of Education and Training shall stipulate in detail full-time contract teachers after retirement and visiting teachers.”.

22. To add Articles 66a and 66b to Section 2 of Chapter IV as follows:

“Article 66a. Education administrators and administrators of education institutions

1. Education administrators are prescribed as follows:

a) Education administrators are civil servants and shall exercise rights and perform obligations in accordance with the law on civil servants;

b) Teachers who are assigned by competent authorities to work as education administrators shall retain teachers’ allowance regimes in accordance with regulations of the Government.

2. Administrators of education institutions are prescribed as follows:

a) Administrators of public education institutions are managerial public employees who work in managerial job positions in education institutions;

b) Administrators of education institutions must satisfy standards and conditions and shall exercise rights and perform obligations in accordance with regulations of the Minister of Education and Training and other relevant law provisions;

c) Administrators of vocational education institutions, higher education institutions, and schools of state agencies, political organizations and socio-political organizations who meet the standard training qualifications of teachers may participate as visiting teachers at the education institutions where they are working if there is demand, or concurrently perform teaching duties if assigned by the education institutions;

d) Administrators of public education institutions shall be entitled to occupational preferential allowances and other regimes in accordance with regulations of the Government;

dd) The Government shall prescribe procedures and processes for the appointment of administrators of education institutions.

3. This Article shall not apply to education administrators and administrators of education institutions of the armed forces.

Article 66b. Educational support personnel and other personnel

1. Educational support personnel in education institutions are prescribed as follows:

a) Educational support personnel in education institutions include persons working in professional and professional-support job positions who are not teachers, support job positions, and other job positions suitable to the organizational model of education institutions as prescribed by competent authorities (hereinafter referred to collectively as educational support personnel);

b) Educational support personnel in public education institutions shall be entitled to occupational preferential allowances and other regimes in accordance with regulations of the Government;

c) The Minister of Education and Training shall prescribe the list and framework list of job positions and staffing norms applicable to educational support personnel in public education institutions.

2. Personnel other than the educational support personnel prescribed in Clause 1 of this Article (hereinafter referred to as other personnel) shall comply with the Law on Vocational Education, the Law on Higher Education, and other relevant law provisions.

3. Educational support personnel and other personnel must satisfy standards prescribed by the Minister of Education and Training and by ministers or heads of ministerial-level agencies managing specialized public employees; and shall exercise rights and perform obligations corresponding to their job positions in accordance with law.

4. Localities, education institutions, and establishments participating in vocational education activities shall adopt support policies for educational support personnel and other personnel in conformity with practical conditions and the financial resources of the units.”.

23. To amend and supplement a number of clauses of Article 85 as follows:

a) To amend and supplement Clauses 1 and 2 as follows:

“1. The State shall adopt policies on grant of scholarships to the following beneficiaries:

1. Encouragement scholarships for students of schools for gifted students and schools for students with art and sport aptitudes prescribed in Article 62 of this Law, and learners of vocational education institutions and higher education institutions; priority shall be given to learners enrolled in talent training programs and key training disciplines and fields meeting socio-economic development demands in each period;
2. Policy scholarships for students enrolled through nomination, students of pre-university schools, students of boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, and learners of vocational education institutions for invalids and persons with disabilities.

2. The State shall adopt policies on provision of allowances and tuition fee exemption and reduction for learners who are social policy beneficiaries, ethnic minority people, learners permanently residing in areas with extreme socio-economic difficulties, ethnic minority and mountainous areas, and border communes, orphans, helpless children, people with disabilities, and people from poor households and households living just above the poverty line.”;

b) To add Clause 4a after Clause 4 as follows:

“4a. The National Scholarship Fund is a legal entity having its own seal and account, operating on a not-for-profit basis, and directly attached to the Ministry of Education and Training.

a) The National Scholarship Fund shall be formed from annual allocations from the state budget; voluntary contributions, lawful donations and grants from organizations and individuals; and other lawful sources in accordance with law. At the end of the state budget year, any unused voluntary contributions, donations and grants shall be retained by the Fund for further use and shall not be remitted to the state budget;

b) The National Scholarship Fund shall grant scholarships to learners enrolled in talent training programs; give priority to postgraduate learners and learners of basic sciences, engineering, technology and other priority fields; encourage and support learning and research of pupils, students and postgraduate learners; and support the development of vocational skills for learners in association with labor market demand and international integration, meeting socio-economic development demands in each period and contributing to the development of the education sector;

c) The Government shall promulgate regulations on the organization, management and use of the National Scholarship Fund.”.

24. To amend and supplement Article 99 as follows:

“Article 99. Tuition fees; services for serving and supporting educational activities; costs of education and training services

1. Tuition fee means a money amount payable by a learner to cover part or the whole costs of education and training services. Tuition fee rates shall be determined according to the roadmap designed by the Government to ensure the coverage of costs of education and training services. Tuition fee rates applied by vocational education institutions and higher education institutions must comply with the Law on Vocational Education and the Law on Higher Education.

2. Costs of education and training services include all expenses for salaries, direct expenses associated with teaching activities, management expenses, and depreciation expenses of fixed assets directly and indirectly serving educational operations according to educational programs.

The enrolment fees that must be paid by candidates when taking part in the admission process and examinations shall be determined according to the roadmap toward accurate and adequate fee calculation.

Services for serving and supporting educational activities shall be organized to create favorable conditions and improve the quality and effectiveness of education in response to the needs for comprehensive development of learners and the operations of education institutions, but are not ensured by the state budget or have not yet been included in tuition fees; the rates shall be determined according to the principle of accurate and adequate cost calculation.

3. Early childhood children, general education students, and learners of general education programs in public education institutions are not required to pay tuition fees. Early childhood children, general education students, and learners of general education programs in people-founded and private education institutions shall be entitled to state support for payment of tuition fees; support levels shall be decided by provincial-level People’s Councils. Tuition fee support levels shall be determined according to the tuition fee framework prescribed by the Government but must not exceed the tuition fee rates applied by people-founded and private education institutions.

4. The collection and management of tuition fees and the rates of services for serving and supporting educational activities are prescribed as follows:

a) The Government shall prescribe the management of tuition fees, services for serving and supporting educational activities, and costs of services in the education sector applicable to education institutions within the national education system;

b) Provincial-level People’s Councils shall decide on specific tuition fee levels as the basis for implementation of tuition fee exemption for early childhood children, general education students, and learners of general education programs in public education institutions; and decide on tuition fee support levels for early childhood children, general education students, and learners of general education programs in people-founded and private education institutions at the proposal of provincial-level People’s Committees;

c) Provincial-level People’s Committees shall prescribe the mechanisms for collection and use of enrolment fees applicable to all educational levels, and decide on the list and rates of services for serving and supporting educational activities under local management in accordance with Clause 2 of this Article;

d) Vocational education institutions and higher education institutions shall decide on the list and rates of services for serving and supporting educational activities in accordance with Clause 2 of this Article, except for services priced by the State, and shall be responsible for publicizing the rates of services for serving and supporting educational activities for each course, level and academic year in accordance with law provisions;

dd) People-founded education institutions and private education institutions may take initiative in formulating tuition fee rates and rates of other services to ensure cost recovery and accumulation; shall publicize the costs of education and training services and the collection rates in accordance with the commitments stated in their school establishment plans; and shall publicize tuition fees and other service rates for each course, level and academic year in accordance with law provisions.”.

25. To amend and supplement Clause 3, Article 102 as follows:

“3. The transfer of capital with respect to private nurseries, kindergartens and early childhood education schools; private general education institutions, vocational education institutions and higher education institutions shall be carried out in accordance with the laws on investment, enterprises and other relevant laws; ensuring the stability and development of the schools and not causing interruption of educational activities; and ensuring the rights and interests of learners, teachers and employees.

After completing the transfer of capital, the education institutions shall be responsible for notifying the education management authorities in accordance with decentralization and the Government’s regulations.”.

26. To amend and supplement Clause 3, Article 104 as follows:

“3. Prescribing professional standards for teachers and title-based criteria for other specialized public employees under the management competence; working regimes of teachers and administrators of education institutions; professional standards for heads and deputy heads of public education institutions; lists or framework lists of working positions and norms for the number of employees in education institutions; codes of conduct of teachers; titles equivalent to teacher titles; competence to recruit teachers and conditions for education institutions to recruit teachers; further training programs; and directing and organizing the further training of teachers, education administrators, administrators of education institutions, and other personnel in education institutions.”.

27. To amend and supplement Clause 5, Article 105 as follows:

“5. People’s Committees at all levels shall perform the state management of education within the scope of tasks and powers decentralized and delegated in accordance with law, ensuring conditions for educational development in their localities.”.

28. To add Clause 2a after Clause 2, Article 107 as follows:

“2a. The State shall encourage and create conditions for Vietnamese education institutions to establish representative offices, expand training activities, investment, cooperation, and scientific research with reputable foreign education institutions, contributing to the promotion of Vietnamese education to other countries, access to advanced technologies, and promotion of knowledge diplomacy.”.

29. To amend and supplement Article 109 as follows:

“Article 109. Recognition of foreign diplomas

1. Diplomas awarded by foreign education institutions shall be recognized when such foreign education institutions lawfully operate, have educational programs meeting the quality requirements of the diploma-awarding country, and are in conformity with Vietnamese law.

2. The Minister of Education and Training shall prescribe in detail the conditions, order, procedures and competence for recognition of diplomas awarded by foreign education institutions.”.

30. To amend and supplement Article 110 as follows:

“Article 110. Educational quality assurance and accreditation

1. Educational quality assurance is a regular and continuous task of education institutions within the national education system, aimed at improving quality, strengthening accountability, and meeting the requirements of learners and society.

2. Educational quality assurance for early childhood education, general education and continuing education shall focus on renovating teaching and learning methods, developing the workforce, strengthening quality assurance conditions, improving the effectiveness of school governance, and recognizing schools meeting national standards.

3. Educational quality assurance and accreditation for vocational education and higher education shall be implemented in accordance with the Law on Vocational Education and the Law on Higher Education.

4. The Minister of Education and Training shall prescribe quality assurance activities at education institutions; and guide, inspect and supervise the implementation of educational quality assurance and accreditation.”.

31. To amend, supplement, replace and repeal a number of phrases; and to repeal a number of articles and clauses as follows:

a) To add the phrase “administrators of education institutions,” after the phrase “education administrators” in Clause 2, Article 25 and Clause 2, Article 31; to add the phrase “boarding general education schools,” after the phrase “semi-boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students” in the title and Clause 2, Article 61; to add the phrase “vocational secondary schools,” after the phrase “intermediate schools” in Clause 2, Article 80; to add the phrase “, of which investment expenditure shall account for at least 5% of the total state budget expenditure and expenditure for higher education shall account for at least 3% of the total state budget expenditure” after the phrase “20% of the total state budget expenditure” at the end of Clause 1, Article 96; to add the phrase “administration,” after the phrase “learning” in Clause 1, Article 108; to add the phrase “, ADMINISTRATORS OF EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT PERSONNEL AND OTHER PERSONNEL” after the phrase “TEACHERS” in the title of Chapter IV;

b) To replace the phrase “include domestic investors and foreign investors” with the phrase “shall comply with the law on investment” in Clause 11, Article 5; to replace the phrase “education administrators” with the phrase “administrators of education institutions” at Point c, Clause 2, Article 47, Article 74, and Clause 8, Article 104; to replace the phrase “pedagogical intermediate education, college education” with the phrase “vocational education” in Clause 2, Article 105; to replace the phrase “permit operation” with the phrase “grant operation licenses” in Clause 2, Article 112; to replace the phrase “TASKS AND RIGHTS OF TEACHERS” with the phrase “POSITION, ROLE AND STANDARDS OF ADMINISTRATORS, EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT PERSONNEL AND OTHER PERSONNEL” in the title of Section 2, Chapter IV; to replace the phrase “EDUCATIONAL QUALITY ACCREDITATION” with the phrase “EDUCATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE AND ACCREDITATION” in the title of Section 3, Chapter VIII;

c) To delete the phrase “vocational education” in Clause 1, Article 53; to delete the phrase “, except vocational education centers” in Clause 3, Article 65; to delete the phrase “and define the responsibilities and powers of educational quality accreditation institutions for early childhood education, general education and continuing education” at Point b, Clause 2, Article 112;

d) To delete the phrase “Minister of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs” in Clause 4, Article 6; Clause 5, Article 8; Clause 5, Article 43; Clause 3, Article 53; Clause 3, Article 62; Clause 2, Article 64; Clause 3, Article 65; and Clause 4, Article 74. To delete the phrase “Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs” in Clause 4, Article 105.

dd) To repeal Clause 3, Article 10; Article 18; Clause 2, Article 28; Clause 5, Article 44; Articles 49, 50, 51; Clause 1, Article 54; Clauses 3 and 4, Article 56; Articles 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77 and 78; Clause 2, Article 103; Clause 3, Article 105; Articles 111, 113 and 115.

Article 2. Implementation provisions

1. This Law shall take effect from January 01, 2026, except for the cases specified in Clause 2 of this Article and the transitional provisions on educational quality accreditation applicable to early childhood education institutions, general education institutions and continuing education institutions prescribed at Point a, Clause 3 of this Article.

2. Point b Clause 1, Clauses 4, 13 and 15, Point b Clause 23 of Article 1, and the provision that the Government shall prescribe the provision of free textbooks for students at Clause 8, Article 1 of this Law shall take effect from July 01, 2026.

3. Transitional provisions:

a) Certificates of educational quality accreditation for early childhood education institutions, general education institutions and continuing education institutions issued before the effective date of this Law shall remain valid until the expiry date stated in the Certificates.

Early childhood education institutions, general education institutions and continuing education institutions that have dossiers for registration of external evaluation accepted by competent authorities before the effective date of this Law shall continue to carry out and complete the educational quality accreditation process in accordance with the Education Law No. 43/2019/QH14 and relevant legal provisions until the end of the accreditation cycle.

From January 01, 2026, early childhood education institutions, general education institutions and continuing education institutions shall shift to implementing educational quality assurance activities in accordance with other provisions of this Law and its guiding documents.

b) From January 01, 2026, school councils of public nurseries, kindergartens, early childhood education schools and public general education institutions shall terminate their operations and shall be responsible for handing over all related dossiers and documents to principals; the principals shall be responsible for notifying the directly managing authorities within 06 months from the date of termination of operations.

c) Dossiers requesting settlement of administrative procedures that have been validly submitted to competent authorities or persons before July 01, 2026 shall continue to be received and settled by such authorities or persons in accordance with the legal provisions effective at the time of dossier submission, including cases where the competence for settlement of such administrative procedures has been adjusted under this Law.

d) Local education materials that have been submitted to the Minister of Education and Training for approval before July 01, 2026 shall be given written opinions by the Minister of Education and Training, and approved by the Chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees.

dd) Lower secondary school graduation diplomas issued before January 01, 2026 shall continue to have legal validity for use in learning, recruitment and other civil transactions in accordance with law provisions.

e) Investors who have directly established private education institutions under Point b, Clause 3, Article 54 of the Education Law No. 43/2019/QH14 and have two or more investors shall establish an economic organization in accordance with the Government’s regulations within a maximum period of 12 months from January 01, 2026.

This Law was passed on December 10, 2025, by the XV^th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 10^th session.-

Chairman of the National Assembly

TRAN THANH MAN