Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Education Law, No. 123/2025/QH15

LAW

Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Education¹

Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which has a number of articles amended and supplemented under Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;

The National Assembly promulgates the Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of Law No. 43/2019/QH14 on Education.

Article 1. To amend and supplement a number of articles of the Law on Education

1. To amend and supplement a number of points and clauses of Article 6 as follows:

a/ To amend and supplement Points c and d, Clause 2 as follows:

“c/ Vocational education, including elementary, secondary vocational, intermediate and college levels and other vocational training programmes;

d/ Higher education, including undergraduate and postgraduate levels.”;

b/ To amend and supplement Clause 3 as follows:

“3. The Prime Minister shall decide to approve the Framework Structure of the National Education System and the Vietnamese Qualifications Framework; specify the minimum training time and standards for each training level, and the minimum learning volume for each level of education or each level of training of vocational education and higher education; and specify the time, criteria, subjects and minimum learning volume of education or training programmes of specific disciplines and occupations in the fields of arts, physical training and sports and other fields.”.

2. To amend and supplement Clauses 2 and 3, Article 9 as follows:

“2. Streaming in education is the measure of organising education activities on the basis of deploying career orientation in education in order to create conditions for students, after completing lower secondary, upper secondary and vocational secondary education programmes and equivalent programmes, to move to higher levels of education or training or join the workforce in conformity with their personal competencies, strengths, aptitudes and circumstances as well as social demands.

3. The Minister of Education and Training shall stipulate in detail career orientation and streaming in education.”.

3. To amend and supplement Article 12 as follows:

“Article 12. Diplomas and certificates

1. Diplomas of the national education system are documents, in either paper or digital form, awarded to learners upon graduation from upper secondary schools; or upon completion of education or training programmes and reaching the outcome standards of the corresponding levels in vocation education or higher education in accordance with this Law.

2. Diplomas of the national education system include upper secondary education diploma, vocational secondary education diploma, intermediate diploma, college diploma, bachelor’s diploma, master’s diploma, doctoral diploma, and diplomas of intensive training programmes for a number of specific disciplines and fields.

3. Certificates of the national education system are documents, in either paper or digital form, awarded to learners to certify their learning outcomes upon completion of training or upskilling courses on academic or professional knowledge or awarded to learners who take certification exams according to regulations.

4. Diplomas and certificates issued by education institutions providing training in different types and forms in the national education system have the same legal validity.

5. The Minister of Education and Training shall specify the management of diplomas and certificates of the national education system and the recognition of other certificates for use in the national education system.”.

4. To amend and supplement a number of clauses of Article 14 as follows:

a/ To amend and supplement Clause 1 as follows:

“1. Primary education and lower secondary education are compulsory education.

The State shall conduct the universalisation of early childhood education for children aged from 3 to 6 years old.”;

b/ To add Clause 5 below Clause 4 as follows:

“5. The Government shall detail Clauses 1 and 2 of this Article.”.

5. To amend and supplement Article 19 as follows:

“Article 19. Science, technology and innovation activities

1. Science, technology and innovation activities constitute a task of education institutions; and shall be organised in conformity with the objectives, programmes and tasks of each education or training level.

2. Education institutions shall themselves organise, or coordinate with science and technology organisations and production-business-service establishments in organising, education, training, scientific research, technological development and innovation activities in accordance with law.

3. The State shall adopt policies to encourage and promote scientific research, technological development and innovation activities, and the application of technology and artificial intelligence in a controlled manner in education institutions, ensuring conformity with practical demands and alignment to international trends so as to improve the quality of education and develop human resources, focusing on developing high-quality human resources, to meet socio-economic development requirements.

4. The State shall invest in comprehensive digital transformation in education and training through the development of digital infrastructure, digital platforms, and a national database on education and training, as well as the application of digital technologies to enhance the effect and effectiveness of state administration and management, teaching and learning activities, and scientific and technological research and innovation activities.

5. The State shall adopt policies to prioritise and facilitate investment in infrastructure and technologies, and provide training supports to promote the research, application and development of artificial intelligence in education and training.

6. The Government shall detail this Article.”.

6. To amend and supplement Point b, Clause 1, Article 25 as follows:

“b/ Specify requirements on qualifications and competencies to be achieved upon completion of nursery and pre-primary education; educational contents, activities, methods, forms and environment, and evaluation of the development of children;”.

7. To amend and supplement a number of points and clauses of Article 28 as follows:

a/ To amend and supplement Point c, Clause 1 as follows:

“c/ Upper secondary education lasts for 3 academic years, from the 10 grade to the 12 grade. Students entering the 10 grade must complete the lower secondary education programme or equivalent programmes. The age of entrance to the 10 grade is 15 years, calculated by year.”;

b/ To amend and supplement Clause 4 as follows:

“4. The Minister of Education and Training shall specify the teaching and learning of Vietnamese for ethnic minority children before entering the 1 grade; the teaching of upper secondary education knowledge in vocational education institutions; the teaching of general education knowledge under training programmes of specific disciplines and occupations; and cases in which students are eligible for grade skipping or admission to a grade at an age higher or lower than the age specified in Clause 1 of this Article.”.

8. To amend and supplement Article 32 as follows:

“Article 32. General education textbooks and local education materials

1. General education textbooks:

a/ Textbooks are used to implement the general education programme, concretise requirements of the general education programme regarding the objectives and contents of education and requirements on students’ qualifications and competencies, and set orientations on teaching methodologies and methods of examining and evaluating education quality; the contents and forms of textbooks must not show preconceptions with regard to ethnicity, religion, occupation, gender, age and social status; textbooks may take the form of print, Braille and electronic textbook;

b/ The Government shall specify the provision of free textbooks to students; the Minister of Education and Training shall decide on a single set of general education textbooks for uniform use nationwide;

c/ The Minister of Education and Training shall specify and establish a National Textbook Appraisal Council to appraise textbooks for each subject or educational activity. The Council and its members shall be responsible for the content and quality of the appraisal;

d/ The Minister of Education and Training shall approve textbooks for use in general education institutions after they are appraised and evaluated as satisfactory by the National Textbook Appraisal Council; and specify the criteria and procedures for the compilation and revision of general education textbooks.

2. Local education materials:

a/ Local education materials shall be compiled by specialised agencies under provincial-level People’s Committees to meet local demands and suit local characteristics;

b/ Councils for appraisal of local education materials shall be established under decisions of chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees. The councils and their members shall be responsible for the content and quality of the appraisal.

c/ Chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees shall approve local education materials for use in general education institutions after they are appraised and evaluated as satisfactory by the provincial-level appraisal councils.

d/ The Minister of Education and Training shall specify standards and procedures for the compilation, revision and appraisal of local education materials.”.

9. To amend and supplement Article 34 as follows:

“Article 34. Certification of completion of primary, lower secondary and upper secondary education programmes and awarding of upper secondary education diplomas

1. A student who has completed the primary or lower secondary education programme and fully meets the conditions specified by the Minister of Education and Training shall be certified by the principal of his/her school as having completed the primary or lower secondary education programme in his/her school records.

2. A student who has completed the upper secondary education programme and fully meets the conditions specified by the Minister of Education and Training may take a graduation exam and, if passing the exam, will be awarded the upper secondary education diploma by the principal of his/her school.

In case the student does not take the graduation exam or fails the graduation exam, the principal of his/her school shall issue a certificate of completion of the general education programme. This certificate may be used to register for exam for an upper secondary education diploma when the learner so wishes, or to pursue vocational education, and for use in specific cases in accordance with law.”.

10. To amend and supplement Article 35 as follows:

“Article 35. Education and training levels of vocational education

1. Elementary-level training and other vocational training programmes shall be provided to persons with appropriate educational qualifications.

2. Vocational secondary education shall be provided to persons who have completed lower secondary education or equivalent levels; vocational secondary education is at the same level as upper secondary education.

3. Intermediate- and college-level training shall be provided to persons who have graduated from upper secondary schools, vocational secondary schools, or schools of the equivalent or higher levels. Intermediate-level training in specific disciplines and occupations in the fields of arts, physical training and sports, and other fields must comply with the Prime Minister’s regulations.

11. To amend and supplement Article 38 as follows:

Article 38. Training levels of higher education

1. Undergraduate-level training shall be provided to learners who have graduated from upper secondary schools, vocational secondary schools, or schools of equivalent or higher levels.

2. Postgraduate training includes:

a/ Master’s level training for learners holding a bachelor’s or higher degree;

b/ Doctoral-level training for learners holding a master’s degree or a bachelor’s or higher degree.

3. The Minister of Education and Training shall specify permeable study among vocational secondary, intermediate, college and undergraduate levels.”.

12. To amend and supplement Point d, Clause 1, Article 43 as follows:

“d/ Education programmes at the lower secondary level and education programmes under programmes to award diplomas of the national education system.”.

13. To amend and supplement Clause 4, Article 44 as follows:

“4. General education institutions, vocational education institutions and higher education institutions carrying out continuing education programmes shall fulfill their education and training tasks; and implement the programmes specified in Point d, Clause 1, Article 43 of this Law according to the Minister of Education and Training’s regulations.”.

14. To amend and supplement Clauses 2 and 3, Article 45 as follows:

“2. A learner who has completed the lower secondary education programme specified in Point d, Clause 1, Article 43 of this Law and fully meets the conditions specified by the Minister of Education and Training shall be certified by the head of the education institution providing the lower secondary education programme as having completed the lower secondary education programme in his/her school records.

3. A learner who has completed the upper secondary education programme specified in Point d, Clause 1, Article 43 of this Law and fully meets the conditions specified by the Minister of Education and Training may take a graduation exam and, if passing the exam, will be awarded the upper secondary education diploma by the head of the education institution providing the upper secondary education programme.

In case the student does not take the exam or fails the exam, he/she shall be awarded a certificate of completion of the general education programme by the head of the education institution providing the continuing education programme specified in Clause 4, Article 44 of this Law.”.

15. To amend and supplement Article 52 as follows:

“Article 52. Competence and procedures to establish or permit the establishment; license education activities; suspend enrollment and education activities; revoke decisions establishing or permitting the establishment; revoke decisions licensing education activities; decide on changes in locations for education activities or training locations; and decide on the merger, division, separation, dissolution and renaming, of schools

1. The establishment or grant of permission for the establishment; licensing education activities; suspending enrollment and education activities; revoking decisions establishing or permitting the establishment; revoking decisions licensing education activities; deciding on changes in locations for education activities or training locations; and deciding on the merger, division, separation, dissolution and renaming, of schools must comply with the strategies, master plans, requirements on socio-economic development, and objectives of each education or training level and financial capacity, physical foundations, personnel and other quality assurance conditions of the schools.

2. The competence to establish public schools and permit the establishment of people-founded and private schools is vested to:

a/ Chairpersons of commune-level People’s Committees, for early childhood education institutions, primary schools, lower secondary schools; and multi-level general education schools, semi-boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, and boarding general education schools with lower secondary being the highest education level;

b/ Chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees, for upper secondary schools; multi-level general education schools, semi-boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, and boarding general education schools with upper secondary being the highest education level; intermediate schools and vocational secondary schools in their provinces; and early childhood education institutions, primary schools, lower secondary schools, upper secondary schools as requested by foreign diplomatic missions or inter-governmental international organisations;

c/ The Minister of Education and Training, for pre-university schools, colleges, universities and general universities;

d/ The Minister of National Defence, for early childhood education institutions, upper secondary schools, intermediate schools and colleges under to the Ministry of National Defence’s management; or the Minister of Public Security, for upper secondary schools, intermediate schools and colleges under the Ministry of Public Security’s management.

3. The competence to license education activities for schools at other education and training levels must comply with the Government’s regulations.

A person who has the competence to license education activities will be competent to decide on suspension of enrolment and education activities, and revoke decisions licensing education activities.

4. A person who has the competence to establish or permit the establishment of a school will be competent to revoke the decision establishing or permitting the establishment of the school; decide on the change in the location for education activities or training location; and decide on the merger, division, separation, dissolution and renaming, of the school.

The merger of schools established by authorities of different levels shall be decided by the authority of the highest level among them; the merger of schools established by authorities of the same level shall be agreed upon by these authorities.

5. The Government shall specify the conditions and procedures to establish or permit the establishment of schools; license education activities; suspend enrolment and education activities, revoke decisions establishing or permitting the establishment, and decisions licensing education activities; and decide on changes in the locations for education activities or training location; and decide on the merger, division, separation, dissolution and renaming, of schools.”.

16. To amend and supplement Clause 3, Article 54 as follows:

“3. An investor establishing a private education institution may opt for either of the following methods:

a/ Making investment to establish an economic institution in accordance with the Law on Investment and the Law on Enterprises for the economic institution to establish a private education institution in accordance with this Law;

b/ Making direct investment to establish a private education institution in accordance with this Law.

In case there are two or more investors, these investors must establish an economic institution for the economic institution to establish a private education institution under Point a, Clause 3 of this Article.”.

17. To amend and supplement Article 55 as follows:

“Article 55. School council

1. School councils of private vocational education institutions, private higher education institutions, and vocational education institutions and higher education institutions established under agreements between the Vietnamese Government and foreign governments must comply with the Law on Vocational Education and the Law on Higher Education, respectively.

2. The school council of a people-founded early childhood education institution is the organisation that administers the institution; is nominated by the community that established the institution; and is responsible for deciding on the institution’s operational directions as well as master plans and plans on development, organisation, personnel, finance and assets, ensuring the fulfillment of educational objectives and compliance with law.

The school council shall be composed of representatives of the community, representatives of the commune-level administration, and those who contribute capital for the construction and maintenance of operation of the institution.

3. The school council of a private early childhood education institution or a private general education institution is the organisation that administers the institution, exercises the right to represent investors and parties with related interests, and is responsible for organising the implementation of investors’ decisions.

The school council of a private early childhood education institution or a private general education institution shall be composed of representatives of investors, internal members and external members, elected or decided by the investors’ meeting in proportion to their capital contributions.

4. The establishment procedures, organisational structure, tasks and powers of a school council; and the relationship between investors, the school council and the principal specified in Clauses 2 and 3 of this Article shall be provided in the charter and organisation and operation regulation of the school.”.

18. To amend and supplement a number of clauses of Article 61 as follows:

a/ To amend and supplement Clause 1 as follows:

“1. The State shall establish boarding general education schools and semi-boarding general education schools for ethnic minority children, and boarding general education schools and pre-university schools for ethnic minority learners, learners permanently residing in areas with extreme socio-economic difficulties, ethnic minority regions, mountainous areas and border communes.”;

b/ To amend and supplement Clause 3 as follows:

“3. The Minister of Education and Training shall promulgate the regulation on organisation and operation of, and specify the conditions for admission to, boarding general education schools and semi-boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, boarding general education schools, and pre-university schools.”.

19. To amend and supplement Clause 1, Article 62 as follows:

“1. Schools for gifted students shall be established at the level of upper secondary education for students with outstanding achievements in learning, aiming to develop their aptitudes for certain subjects while ensuring comprehensive general education, creating sources for talent training, thus meeting national development requirements.

Schools for students with arts and sports aptitudes and schools for students with other aptitudes shall be established to discover, nurture and develop students’ talents and advanced skills in these fields.”.

20. To add Clause 3 below Clause 2, Article 63 as follows:

“3. The Minister of Education and Training shall promulgate the regulation on organisation and operation of schools and classes for people with disabilities.”.

21. To amend and supplement Article 66 as follows:

“Article 66. Educators in education institutions of the national education system

1. Educators in education institutions of the national education system include:

a/ Permanent educators, who are educators who are recruited and work on a full-time basis at only one education institution;

b/ Concurrent permanent educators, who are permanent educators of public vocational education institutions and public higher education institutions as prescribed in the Law on Vocational Education and the Law on Higher Education;

c/ Contract educators working on a full-time basis after retirement, who are educators who, after retiring, sign full-time labour contracts with education institutions to perform teachers’ tasks;

d/ Visiting educators, who are persons who are invited by education institutions to teach at least one subject, module, course, thematic course or content of an education or training programme implemented by the education institutions. Visiting educators include visiting teachers and visiting lecturers.

2. Permanent educators shall comply with the Law on Educators.

3. The Minister of Education and Training shall provide in detail for contract educators working on a full-time basis after retirement and visiting educators.”.

22. To add Articles 66a and 66b to Section 2, Chapter IV as follows:

“Article 66a. Education administrators and education institution managers

1. Education administrators:

a/ Education administrators are civil servants and shall exercise their rights and perform their obligations in accordance with the law on civil servants;

b/ Educators who are assigned by competent agencies to act as education administrators may retain the allowances applicable to educators under the Government’s regulations.

2. Education institution managers:

a/ Managers of public education institutions are public employees holding managerial titles and working at managerial positions in education institutions;

b/ Education institution managers must meet the criteria and conditions and exercise their rights and perform their obligations in accordance with the Minister of Education and Training’s regulations and relevant regulations;

c/ Managers of vocational education institutions, higher education institutions, and schools of state agencies, political organisations and socio-political organisations who meet the standard qualifications for training activities applicable to educators may concurrently work as visiting lecturers in the education institutions where they are working at the demand of the institutions or undertake teaching tasks if assigned by the institutions;

d/ Managers of public education institutions are entitled to profession-based preferential allowances and other allowances according to the Government’s regulations;

dd/ The Government shall specify the procedures and order for appointing education institution managers.

3. These provisions do not apply to education administrators and managers at education institutions of the armed forces.

Article 66b. Education supporting personnel and other personnel

1. Education supporting personnel in education institutions:

a/ Education supporting personnel in education institutions include those who work in professional or technical positions but are not educators, those who work in supportive positions and other positions appropriate to the organisational models of education institutions as prescribed by competent authorities (below collectively referred to as education supporting personnel);

b/ Education supporting personnel in public education institutions are entitled to profession-based preferential allowances and other allowances according to the Government’s regulations;

c/ The Minister of Education and Training shall specify the list of working positions or framework list of framework working positions and payrolls for education supporting personnel in public education institutions.

2. Personnel other than the education supporting personnel specified in Clause 1 of this Article (below referred to as other personnel) shall comply with the Law on Vocational Education, the Law on Higher Education and other relevant laws.

3. Education supporting personnel and other personnel must meet the criteria specified by the Minister of Education and Training or ministers or heads of ministerial-level agencies managing specialised public employees; and shall exercise the rights and perform the obligations applicable to their working positions in accordance with law.

4. Localities, education institutions, and institutions participating in vocational education activities shall adopt support policies for education supporting personnel and other personnel suitable to the practical conditions and their financial capacity.”.

23. To amend and supplement a number of clauses of Article 85 as follows:

a/ To amend and supplement Clauses 1 and 2 as follows:

“1. The State shall adopt the policy on grant of scholarships as follows:

a/ Encouragement scholarships shall be granted to students of schools for gifted students and schools for students with aptitudes specified in Article 62 of this Law, and learners in vocational education institutions and higher education institutions, with priority given to learners of talent training programmes and key training disciplines and fields in order to meet socio-economic development demands in each period;

b/ Policy scholarships shall be granted to students enrolled through nomination, students of pre-university programmes, students of boarding general education schools for ethnic minority students, and learners in vocational education institutions for invalids and people with disabilities.

2. The State shall adopt policies on provision of allowances and tuition fee exemption or reduction for learners being social policy beneficiaries, ethnic minority people, learners from families permanently residing in areas with extreme socio-economic difficulties, ethnic minority areas, mountainous areas and border communes, orphans, helpless children, people with disabilities, and people from poor households and households living just above the poverty line.”;

b/ To add Clause 4a below Clause 4 as follows:

“4a. The National Scholarship Fund has the legal person status and its own seal and bank account, is attached to the Ministry of Education and Training, and operates for non-profit purposes.

a/ The National Scholarship Fund shall be formed from the state budget’s annual allocations; voluntary contributions, lawful donations of organisations and individuals, and other lawful sources in accordance with law. At the end of a budgetary year, unused voluntary contribution and donation amounts shall be retained in the Fund for continued use without being remitted into the state budget;

b/ The National Scholarship Fund shall grant scholarships to learners of talent training programmes, with priority given to postgraduate learners and those studying basic sciences, engineering, technology, and other prioritised fields; encourage and support the study and research of students, and undergraduate and postgraduate learners; and support the development of occupational skills for learners associated with the demands of the labour market and international integration, meeting socio-economic development requirements in each period and contributing to the cause of education development;

c/ The Government shall promulgate the regulation on organisation, management and use of the National Scholarship Fund.”.

24. To amend and supplement Article 99 as follows:

“Article 99. Tuition fees, services serving and supporting education activities, education and training service expenses

1. Tuition fee is the money amount to be paid by a learner to cover part or the whole of education and training service expenses. Tuition fee rates shall be determined according to the Government-specified roadmap for assurance of coverage of education and training service expenses. Tuition fee rates applied by vocational education institutions and higher education institutions must comply with the Law on Vocational Education and the Law on Higher Education.

2. Education and training service expenses include all expenses for salaries, direct expenses associated with teaching activities, management expenses, and depreciation expenses of fixed assets directly and indirectly serving education activities under education programmes.

Enrolment charge rate is the amount to be paid by a candidate when taking part in the admission process or exam, which shall be determined according to the roadmap towards acurate and adequate charge calculation.

Services serving and supporting education activities shall be provided to facilitate, and improve the quality and effect of, education, meeting the comprehensive development demands of learners and the operation of education institutions, which are not covered by the state budget or included in tuition fees; the service charge rates shall be determined based on the principle of accurate and adequate charge calculation.

3. Children attending early childhood education programmes, general education students, learners of general education programmes in public education institutions shall be exempt from tuition fees. Children attending early childhood education programmes, general education students, and learners of general education programmes in people-founded and private education institutions shall be entitled to state support for payment of tuition fees; support levels shall be decided by provincial-level People’s Councils. Tuition fee support levels must comply with the tuition fee brackets specified by the Government but must not exceed the tuition fee levels of people-founded and private education institutions.

4. Mechanisms for collection and management of tuition fees and charges of services serving and supporting education activities:

a/ The Government shall specify the mechanisms for management of tuition fees, services serving and supporting education activities, and service charges in the field of education for education institutions in the national education system.

b/ Provincial-level People’s Councils shall decide on specific tuition fee levels to serve as a basis for tuition fee exemption for children attending early childhood education programmes, general education students, learners of general education programmes in public education institutions; decide on tuition fee support levels for children attending early childhood education programmes, general education students, and learners of general education programmes in people-founded and private education institutions at the proposal of provincial-level People’s Committees;

c/ Provincial-level People’s Committees shall specify the mechanisms for the collection and use of enrollment charges applicable to all education levels and decide on the list and charge rates of the services serving and supporting education activities under local management as specified in Clause 2 of this Article;

d/ Vocational education institutions and higher education institutions shall decide on the list and charge rates of the services serving and supporting education activities specified in Clause 2 of this Article, except services with charges valuated by the State, and shall publicise the charge rates of the services serving and supporting education activities for each course, level and academic year in accordance with law;

dd/ People-founded and private education institutions may themselves set the rates of tuition fees and other services to ensure expense offset and accumulation; and publicise education and training service expenses and the service charge rates committed under their school establishment schemes and publicise tuition fees and other sevice charges for each course, level and academic year in accordance with law.”.

25. To amend and supplement Clause 3, Article 102 as follows:

“3. The transfer of capital of private nurseries, pre-primary schools and early childhood education institutions; and private general education institutions, vocational education institutions and higher education institutions must comply with the law on investment, the law on enterprises and other relevant laws, ensuring the stability and development of the education institutions without interruption of education activities, and guaranteeing the rights of learners, educators and employers.

Upon completion of the capital transfer, education institutions shall notify education management agencies as decentralised under the Government’s regulations.”.

26. To amend and supplement Clause 3, Article 104 as follows:

“3. Providing professional standards for educators and professional title criteria for other specialised public employees under management; working regimes applicable to educators and education institution managers; professional standards for heads and deputy heads of public education institutions; the list or framework list of working positions and payrolls of education institutions; codes of conduct of educators; titles equivalent to educators’ titles; competence to recruit educators and conditions for education institutions to recruit educators; upskilling programmes; direction and organisation of upskilling courses for educators and education administrators, education institution managers and other personnel in education institutions.”.

27. To amend and supplement Clause 5, Article 105 as follows:

“5. People’s Committees at all levels shall perform the state management of education within the ambit of their tasks and powers as decentralised or authorised in accordance with law, ensuring the conditions for development of education in the localities.”.

28. To add Clause 2a below Clause 2, Article 107 as follows:

“2a. The State shall encourage and create favourable conditions for Vietnamese education institutions to establish representative offices, and expand training, investment, cooperation and scientific research activities with reputable education institutions abroad, contributing to promoting Vietnamese education to other countries, accessing modern technologies and fostering knowledge diplomacy.”.

29. To amend and supplement Article 109 as follows:

“Article 109. Recognotion of foreign diplomas

1. A diploma awarded by a foreign education institution shall be recognised if the foreign education institution operates lawfully, has an education programme that meets the quality requirements of the host country, and complies with Vietnam’s law.

2. The Minister of Education and Training shall specify the conditions, order, procedures and competence for recognising diplomas awarded by foreign education institutions.”.

30. To amend and supplement Article 110 as follows:

“Article 110. Education quality assurance and accreditation

1. Education quality assurance is a regular and continuous task of education institutions of the national education system, aiming to improve education quality, strengthen accountability, and meet the demands of learners and society.

2. The assurance of the quality of early childhood education, general education and continuing education must focus on innovating teaching and learning methods, developing personnel, intensifying quality assurance conditions, enhancing school administration efficiency, and recognising schools as meeting national standards.

3. The quality assurance and accreditation for vocational education and higher education must comply with the Law on Vocational Education and the Law on Higher Education.

4. The Minister of Education and Training shall specify quality assurance activities in education institutions; and guide, examine and supervise education quality assurance and accreditation work.”.

31. To amend, supplement, replace or remove a number of phrases; to annul a number of articles and clauses as follows:

a/ To add the phrase “education institution managers,” after the phrase “education administrators” in Clause 2, Article 25 and Clause 2, Article 31; to add the phrase “boarding general education schools,” after the phrase “semi-boarding general schools for ethnic minority students” in the title and Clause 2 of Article 61; to add the phrase “vocational secondary schools,” after the phrase “intermediate schools” in Clause 2, Article 80; to add the phrase “, in which investment expenditure accounts for at least 5% of the total state budget expenditure and expenditure for higher education accounts for at least 3% of the total state budget expenditure” after the phrase “20% of the total state budget expenditure” at the end of Clause 1, Article 96; to add the phrase “performing the management work,” after the word “studying” in Clause 1, Article 108; to add the phrase “, MANAGERIAL CADRES, EDUCATION SUPPORTING PERSONNEL AND OTHER PERSONNEL” after the word “EDUCATORS” in the title of Chapter IV;

b/ To replace the phrase “including domestic investors and foreign investors” in Clause 11, Article 5, with the phrase “in accordance with the law on investment”; to replace the phrase “education administrators” in Point c, Clause 2, Article 47; Article 74; and Clause 8, Article 104, with the phrase “education institution managers”; to replace the phrase “pedagogical intermediate education and pedagogical college education” in Clause 2, Article 105, with the phrase “vocational education”; to replace the phrase “permitting the operation” in Clause 2, Article 112, with the phrase “licensing the operation”; to replace the phrase “TASKS AND RIGHTS OF EDUCATORS” in the title of Section 2, Chapter IV, with the phrase “POSITIONS, ROLES, AND STANDARDS OF MANAGERIAL CADRES, EDUCATION SUPPORTING PERSONNEL AND OTHER PERSONNEL”; to replace the phrase “EDUCATION QUALITY ACCREDITATION” in the title of Section 3, Chapter VIII, with the phrase “EDUCATION QUALITY ASSURANCE AND ACCREDITATION”;

c/ To remove the phrase “vocational education” in Clause 1, Article 53; to remove the phrase “, except vocational education centers” in Clause 3, Article 65; to remove the phrase “and define the responsibilities and powers of educational quality accreditation institutions for early childhood education, general education and continuing education” in Point b, Clause 2, Article 112;

d/ To remove the phrase “The Minister of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs” in Clause 4, Article 6; Clause 5, Article 8; Clause 5, Article 43; Clause 3, Article 53; Clause 3, Article 62; Clause 2, Article 64; Clause 3, Article 65; and Clause 4, Article 74; to remove the phrase “the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs” in Clause 4, Article 105;

dd/ To annul Clause 3, Article 10; Article 18; Clause 2, Article 28; Clause 5, Article 44; Articles 49, 50 and 51; Clause 1, Article 54; Clauses 3 and 4, Article 56; Articles 67 thru 73; Articles 75 thru 78; Clause 2, Article 103; Clause 3, Article 105; and Articles 111, 113 and 115.

Article 2. Implementation provisions

1. This Law takes effect on January 1, 2026, except the the provisions in Clause 2 of this Article and the transitional provisions on education quality accreditation for early childhood education institutions, general education institutions and continuing education institutions specified in Point a, Clause 3 of this Article.

2. Point b, Clause 1; Clauses 4, 13 and 15; and Point b, Clause 23, Article 1, and the provision on the Government stipulating free textbooks for students in Clause 8, Article 1 of this Law take effect from July 1, 2026.

3. Transitional provisions:

a/ Certificates of education institutions’ satisfaction of quality accreditation standards for early childhood education institutions, general education institutions and continuing education institutions issued before the effective date of this Law remain valid until the expiration dates stated therein.

Early childhood education institutions, general education institutions and continuing education institutions that have been notified by competent agencies of the acceptance of their dossiers of registration for independent evaluation before the effective date of this Law may continue to implement and complete the education quality accreditation process in accordance with Law No. 43/2019/QH14 on Education and other relevant laws until the end of the accreditation cycle.

From January 1, 2026, early childhood education institutions, general education institutions and continuing education institutions shall transition to carrying out education quality assurance activities in accordance with this Law and guiding documents;

b/ From January 1, 2026, the school councils of public nurseries, pre-primary schools, early childhood education institutions and general education institutions shall cease operation and hand over all related dossiers and documents to the principals; the principals shall notify the managing agencies within 6 months from the date of operation termination;

c/ For dossiers of request for settlement of administrative procedures that have been duly submitted to the competent agencies or persons before July 1, 2026, such competent agencies or persons shall continue to process and handle them in accordance with the law effective at the time of dossier submission, even if the competence to settle the administrative procedures has been adjusted in accordance with this Law;

d/ For local education materials that have been submitted to the Minister of Education and Training for approval before July 1, 2026, the Minister of Education and Training shall give written comments, and the chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committee shall approve them;

dd/ Lower secondary education diplomas issued before January 1, 2026, remain legally valid for use in education, recruitment and other civil transactions in accordance with law;

e/ For investors who have directly established private education institutions under Point b, Clause 3, Article 54 of Law No. 43/2019/QH14 on Education, in case there are two or more investors establishing an education institution, it is required to establish an economic institution under the Government’s regulations within 12 months, counted from January 1, 2026.-

This Law was passed on December 10, 2025, by the 15 National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 10 session.-

Chairman of the National Assembly
TRAN THANH MAN