Decree 372/2026/ND-CP identification, verification and traceability of products and goods

DECREE

On identification, verification and traceability of products and goods

Pursuant to the Law on Organization of the Government No. 63/2025/QH15;

Pursuant to the Law on Organization of Local Administration No. 72/2025/QH15;

Pursuant to the Law on Product and Goods Quality No. 05/2007/QH12, amended and supplemented under Law No. 78/2025/QH15;

Pursuant to the Data Law No. 60/2024/QH15;

Pursuant to the Law on E-Transactions No. 20/2023/QH15;

Pursuant to the Law on Cybersecurity No. 116/2025/QH15;

At the proposal of the Minister of Public Security,

The Government hereby promulgates the Decree on identification, verification and traceability of products and goods.

Chapter I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope of regulation

1. This Decree provides for Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability; the identification, verification and traceability of products and goods in the digital environment through Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability; the development, management, operation, connection, sharing and exploitation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods; and the rights and responsibilities of related agencies, organizations and individuals.

2. The identification, verification and traceability of products and goods through Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability under this Decree shall be carried out by production or business lot or batch, or down to each individual unit of a product or goods, based on the risk level of the products and goods, as follows:

a) For high-risk products and goods, the identification and verification of master data on products and goods, and traceability are mandatory. The list, implementation roadmap, methods of implementation by production or business lot or batch, or down to each individual unit of a product or goods, critical events and specialized data requirements shall be determined and decided by line ministries within their competence, ensuring feasibility and suitability to the capacity of enterprises and the development characteristics of each product sector. Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability performs the technical functions of identification, verification, cross-checking, logging, connection and sharing of data on the basis of the lists, roadmaps and specialized requirements issued by competent agencies;

b) For medium-risk and low-risk products and goods, voluntary identification, verification and traceability in accordance with this Decree are encouraged.

3. For exported products and goods, the application of identification, verification and traceability under this Decree shall be voluntary, unless otherwise provided by specialized laws. The State encourages organizations and individuals to proactively apply identification, verification and traceability to meet the requirements of importing countries, export markets and international trade activities.

4. Products and goods temporarily imported for re-export; products and goods in transit; goods subject to border-gate transfer; transshipped products and goods; and imported products and goods deposited in bonded warehouses for export to third countries are outside the scope of this Decree.

5. The mandatory requirements on identification, verification and traceability under this Decree do not apply to products and goods in the fields of national defense, security and cryptography that are subject to confidentiality requirements concerning their origin.

6. Matters concerning product and goods traceability operations shall comply with Decree No. 37/2026/ND-CP and relevant specialized laws.

Article 2. Subjects of application

This Decree applies to:

1. State agencies competent to perform the state management of identification, verification and traceability of products and goods; and to manage, operate and exploit Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods.

2. Organizations and individuals that manufacture, process, undertake processing of, trade in, distribute, import, transport or store products and goods.

3. Organizations providing electronic verification services for products and goods.

4. Organizations and individuals that exploit and use information on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods.

5. Other organizations and individuals involved in the identification, verification and traceability of products and goods.

Article 3. Interpretation of terms

In this Decree, the terms below are construed as follows:

1. Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability means an information technology system developed, managed and operated by the Ministry of Public Security based on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform to serve the identification, verification and traceability of products and goods. It includes hardware, software and databases, and is developed using blockchain technology, artificial intelligence technology and other digital technologies, if any.

2. National Database on Products and Goods means a shared database developed, managed and operated by the Ministry of Public Security, containing information and data on products and goods that are created, collected, updated, managed and exploited through Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability.

3. Digital certificate means a data message created and signed with a private key by a digital certificate issuer to confirm and verify the data it provides for use in the identification, verification and traceability of products and goods.

4. Digital evidence means a data message created and signed with a private key by a digital evidence creator and provider to confirm and verify its data for provision to a digital evidence user in response to a specific request. Digital evidence may include one or more digital certificates, including mechanisms for minimal data disclosure and anonymous data sharing, if any; and is used in e-transactions in accordance with applicable laws on data and e-transactions.

5. Digital certificate issuer means an agency, organization or individual that issues and signs digital certificates, is identified by a decentralized identifier, and is responsible for the accuracy and legality of the contents of digital certificates and the publication of public keys for verification.

6. Digital evidence creator and provider means an agency, organization or individual that has the right to decide on the building, development, protection, administration, processing, use and exchange of the value of the data it owns; has the right to create digital evidence from one or more digital certificates for provision to a digital evidence user in response to a valid request; and is identified by a decentralized identifier.

7. Digital evidence user means an agency, organization or individual that requests verification of data and receives, checks and verifies digital evidence provided by a digital evidence creator and provider.

8. Master data on products and goods means a set of core information that is shared and relatively stable and reflects the basic identifying attributes of products and goods and related entities, including the name of the product or goods, determined according to the product industry code under the Vietnam Central Product Classification; the name of the institutional or individual producer or trader; the tax identification number or identification number of the producing or trading organization or individual; the address of the producer or trader; the code and name of the product category/classification under the Vietnam Central Product Classification; the goods code under the Vietnam Nomenclature of Exports and Imports, for imported and exported goods; the origin of the product or goods; the brand, trademark, lot/batch number or serial number of the product, if any; the expiration date of the product or goods, if any; and the national standards, national technical regulations, international standards, regional standards and manufacturer standards applied.

Article 4. Principles for development, management, use and exploitation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods

1. Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods shall be developed and managed on a centralized basis at the National Data Center, have an open design, and meet standards and technical regulations on databases, application programming interfaces and authorization models; comply with the National Data Architecture Framework; and ensure data connection and sharing with the National Synthetic Database and other relevant national and specialized databases.

Related ministries, ministerial-level agencies, localities, organizations and individuals shall be granted access to create, share, update and provide information and data, and to search for and manage products and goods on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods within their respective scopes of management and use.

2. The development, management, use and exploitation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods shall ensure timely support for state management, national defense and security; meet socio-economic development requirements; and ensure the publicity and transparency of information and data on the identification, verification and traceability of products and goods.

3. Information and data collected and updated in the National Database on Products and Goods must be cleansed; have lawfully verified sources; accurately reflect the current legal status; contain all information fields required under this Decree; and be regularly updated in accordance with regulations. Access to and modification and updating of all data records must be logged to ensure that the history of data changes and fluctuations can be traced.

4. The National Database on Products and Goods shall be strictly managed to ensure cybersecurity, protection of state secrets, personal data and business secrets, as well as efficiency, simplicity and convenience for agencies, organizations and individuals in carrying out public services, administrative procedures and other activities.

5. Information and data on products and goods shall be collected, updated, exploited and used in a complete, accurate, synchronized and consistent manner. Agencies, organizations and individuals that declare and provide data shall be responsible for the accuracy, truthfulness and legality of their declared and provided information and data in accordance with law.

6. The right of organizations and individuals to timely and full access to, and use for proper purposes of, information and data in the National Database on Products and Goods shall be ensured in accordance with law.

7. Data on products and goods that have been declared, updated and synchronized by organizations and individuals on information technology systems, traceability systems and digital platforms used to perform goods and product management operations under the management of ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall be automatically connected to and synchronized with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability through data integration and sharing mechanisms in accordance with this Decree. Organizations and individuals are not required to redeclare data that have been validly verified.

Data on products and goods that have been declared, updated and synchronized by organizations and individuals on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability shall be automatically connected to and synchronized with information technology systems, traceability systems and digital platforms used to perform goods and product management operations under the management of ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees. Organizations and individuals are not required to redeclare data that have been validly verified.

Chapter II

IDENTIFICATION, VERIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY OF PRODUCTS AND GOODS

Article 5. Unique identifiers

1. A unique identifier (below referred to as a UID) is a digital link conforming to national standards and international GS1 standards that is automatically generated on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and is capable of identifying and tracing each individual unit, lot, batch or type of product or goods.

A UID is represented through a data carrier that conforms to Vietnam’s standards and technical regulations and is compatible with international standards, ensuring the ability to identify, collect, share and verify information in the digital environment and throughout the supply chain. It does not replace the GTIN, Global Location Number (GLN), product traceability code or location traceability code that has been issued and is lawfully used in accordance with the law on codes, barcodes and traceability.

2. he generation, management and use of UIDs must comply with the principles, standards, structure and technical requirements specified in the Appendix to this Decree.

3. A UID must be automatically linked to the entity’s decentralized identifier (DID) under Article 6 of this Decree; the private key, public key and specialized e-signature under Article 7 of this Decree; and the digital certificates and digital evidence under Article 8 of this Decree, ensuring independent verification and tracing.

4. Each UID may be assigned to only one specific product or goods, or one specific lot/batch of products or goods, and linked to a single master data record on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability. The name of a product or goods in the master data is the name assigned by the producing or importing organization or individual and stated on the label in accordance with the law on goods labeling. An organization or individual may additionally declare the trademark and other names of the same product or goods in the master data for search and cross-checking purposes. Master data on products and goods shall be standardized according to the code and name of the product category or classification under the Vietnam Central Product Classification and the goods code under the Vietnam Nomenclature of Exports and Imports. The recording of goods names on invoices and documents shall comply with the law on invoices and documents. UIDs shall be used to cross-check goods names against the master data verified on the National Platform.

Article 6. Decentralized identifiers serving data identification, verification and tracing

1. A decentralized identifier (below referred to as a DID) is a unique technical identifier created for two groups of subjects: An entity’s DID is linked to the entity’s public key and is created and managed on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform to verify entities participating in the signing, issuance, creation, provision, checking and verification of digital certificates, digital evidence and data on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and other application layers on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform under Article 12 of this Decree; a product or goods DID serves to identify a product or goods on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform and is linked to the UID and DID of the entity that creates the master data under Article 9 of this Decree.

The creation of an individual’s DID must be linked to the individual’s electronic identity, which is established in accordance with the law on electronic identification and authentication. The creation of an organization’s DID must be linked to the organization’s electronic identity or carried out by requiring the provision and verification of documents identifying the organization. A DID shall be used consistently throughout the process of signing, sharing, confirming and verifying data. A DID shall be automatically generated on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform at the same time as a UID is created or a participating entity is established. Organizations and individuals are not required to register or apply for a DID.

2. The creation and management of DIDs for data identification, verification and tracing under this Decree shall be carried out automatically and free of charge. Organizations and individuals are not required to pay fees, charges or other costs for the creation and management of DIDs.

3. The Ministry of Public Security shall provide technical and operational guidance on the creation, registration, use and revocation of DIDs used for data identification, verification and tracing within the scope of this Decree.

Article 7. Private keys, public keys and specialized e-signatures serving data identification, verification and tracing

1. A private key and a public key are an asymmetric cryptographic key pair generated by each organization or individual participating in Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform, in which:

a) The private key is generated, held and managed by the digital certificate issuer, digital evidence creator and provider, or digital evidence user; is used to create specialized e-signatures on digital certificates or digital evidence, or to decrypt data; and must not be disclosed or transferred to any organization or individual, including the National Data Center;

b) The public key is generated by the digital certificate issuer, digital evidence creator and provider, or digital evidence user, and is approved for registration by the National Data Center and stored on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform through the decentralized identifier document specified in Clause 5 of this Article. The public key is used to verify specialized e-signatures and check the integrity of digital certificates or digital evidence, or to encrypt data sent to the entity, ensuring security in e-transactions.

2. A specialized e-signature serving data identification, verification and tracing is an e-signature issued by the National Data Center to a digital certificate issuer, digital evidence creator and provider, or digital evidence user under Point a Clause 1 Article 22 of the Law on E-Transactions No. 20/2023/QH15, and created on the basis of the private key and public key specified in Article 7 of this Decree. Organizations and individuals shall hold and manage their own private keys and sign using those keys themselves. The specialized e-signature specified in this Clause shall be used within the scope of:

a) Internal activities of the agency or organization that creates it;

b) Activities among organizations and individuals participating in Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform and the systems and applications managed and operated by the National Data Center;

c) Confirmation, verification and tracing of data and other e-transactions within the scope prescribed by this Decree and specialized laws.

3. A specialized e-signature serving data identification, verification and tracing is secured by a specialized e-signature certificate created in the form of a digital certificate by the National Data Center and issued to an organization or individual on the basis of its verified electronic identity and public key registered under Article 7 of this Decree. A specialized e-signature secured by an e-signature certificate created and issued by the National Data Center under this Decree is considered to fully satisfy the requirements of Clause 2 Article 22 of the Law on E-Transactions in accordance with Clause 1 Article 9 of Decree No. 23/2025/ND-CP. The legal validity of a specialized e-signature serving data identification, verification and tracing shall be determined in accordance with Article 23 of the Law on E-Transactions.

4. A decentralized identifier document is a data document containing an entity’s DID and public key, which is stored and managed on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform. It serves as a means of publishing the public key and as a basis for a digital evidence user to independently look up and check the validity of signatures and verify the entity’s identity, without reliance on an intermediary. A decentralized identifier document has the validity of an e-certificate issued by the National Data Center and contains the agreed and confirmed matters of organizations and individuals, including digital certificate issuers, digital evidence creators and providers, and digital evidence users, when participating in and using Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform. It includes at least the following contents:

a) Confirmation that the digital certificate issuer, digital evidence creator and provider, and digital evidence user voluntarily agree to select decentralized identity technology, digital certificates, digital evidence, e-signatures and related data messages as means of establishing and carrying out e-transactions in accordance with the law on e-transactions;

b) Confirmation that an e-signature created using the private key corresponding to a party’s public key is a lawful e-signature whose legal validity and evidentiary value are not denied under Clause 1 Article 23 of the Law on E-Transactions;

c) A commitment to ensure that information in the decentralized identifier document, digital certificates, digital evidence and related data messages is always accessible, searchable, extractable and usable in its complete form for reference when necessary, satisfying the conditions for validity as a written document under Article 9 of the Law on E-Transactions;

d) Confirmation that cryptographic mechanisms, e-signatures, the blockchain storage structure, storage methods on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform and related technical measures ensure the integrity of data in decentralized identifier documents, digital certificates and digital evidence from the time the data are first created in their complete form, satisfying the conditions for validity as an original under Article 10 of the Law on E-Transactions;

dd) Recognition of the legal validity, evidentiary value, and the reliability of the methods used to create, sign, send, receive, store, look up, check and verify, decentralized identifier documents, digital certificates, digital evidence and related data messages on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform; and non-denial of the legal validity and evidentiary value of data solely because they are represented in the form of a data message, digital certificate or digital evidence, in accordance with Article 11 of the Law on E-Transactions;

e) Establishment of procedures for notifying and handling technical and data entry errors and the right to withdraw erroneous information when an e-transaction, digital certificate, digital evidence or related data message is created, sent, received or processed through an automated information system and the originator has no opportunity to check and correct errors before sending, in accordance with Article 18 of the Law on E-Transactions;

g) Confirmation of the legal validity of e-contracts established and performed through automated interaction among the parties’ information systems, digital wallets, intelligent agents or other electronic means on the basis of decentralized identifier documents, digital certificates, digital evidence, e-signatures or automated information systems, without requiring human review or manual intervention in each specific act of contract formation, in accordance with Articles 34 and 36 of the Law on E-Transactions;

h) Confirmation of the legal validity of offers to enter into e-contracts, acceptance of such offers and data messages used in part or all of the e-contract formation process through digital certificates, digital evidence or e-signatures of digital certificate issuers, digital evidence creators and providers, or digital evidence users; the procedures for sending and receiving, and the validity of, such data messages shall be established in accordance with the automated infrastructure operation terms set out in the decentralized identifier document, in accordance with Articles 35 and 37 of the Law on E-Transactions;

i) Confirmation of the legal validity of electronic notices, electronic confirmations, requests for changes of status, requests for cancellation, suspension, revocation or updating of digital certificates or digital evidence, and other data messages issued, sent, received or processed in the decentralized identity system. Such notices, confirmations, coordination orders and requests have the same legal validity as written notices under Article 38 of the Law on E-Transactions.

k) Matters concerning the procedures, forms and organization of data verification activities within the scope of ownership of organizations and individuals that are data owners or data administrators through Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform, in accordance with Clause 2 Article 9 of Decree No. 165/2025/ND-CP;

l) Other matters agreed upon by the parties in conformity with the laws on e-transactions, data, personal data protection, cyberinformation security, cybersecurity and other relevant laws.

5. An entity that generates its own private key shall manage and use it for proper purposes, refrain from transferring control over it in contravention of regulations, and promptly notify the National Data Center when there is a risk of cybersecurity compromise, disclosure or loss of control of the private key. The procedures and methods for notification and handling shall comply with the technical guidance of the Ministry of Public Security specified in Clause 8 of this Article.

6. The Ministry of Public Security shall provide technical and operational guidance on the creation, registration, use and revocation of specialized e-signatures serving data identification, verification and tracing within the scope of this Decree. The National Data Center shall provide guidance on the preparation of decentralized identifier documents to ensure that they contain the contents specified in Clause 5 of this Article.

Article 8. Creation, sharing and verification of digital certificates and digital evidence for identification, verification and traceability of products and goods

1. Each item of information or data reflecting a product or goods and activities associated with such product or goods, when required to be identified and verified to ensure its reliability, must be recorded through digital certificates and digital evidence on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability in accordance with this Decree and other relevant laws.

2. The creation, sharing, verification and use of digital certificates and digital evidence must comply with the laws on e-transactions, data, personal data protection, cybersecurity and other relevant laws. The legal validity of digital certificates, digital evidence and related data messages shall be determined in accordance with the law on e-transactions.

3. The model for creation, sharing and verification of digital certificates and digital evidence specified in Clause 1 of this Article shall be implemented on the basis of decentralized identifiers, private keys, public keys, specialized e-signatures and decentralized identifier documents specified in Articles 6 and 7 of this Decree, linked to the UIDs of products and goods on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform. The roles of the parties are determined as follows:

a) Digital certificate issuers include organizations and individuals that manufacture, process, undertake processing of, trade in, distribute, import, transport or store products and goods; competent state agencies; conformity assessment organizations, certification organizations and other organizations and individuals competent to confirm information and data associated with products and goods. A digital certificate issuer shall create digital certificates for master data, data generated at each stage of traceability, and certifications and documents within its competence and scope of responsibility; sign the digital certificates with the private key it has generated and holds under Point a Clause 1 Article 7 of this Decree; and record the digital certificates on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform through Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability;

b) Digital evidence creators and providers include the Data Innovation and Exploitation Center under the National Data Center and organizations and individuals that are owners or administrators of data on products and goods.

On the basis of digital certificates recorded on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform, the Data Innovation and Exploitation Center under the National Data Center shall compile one or more digital certificates into digital evidence linked to the UID of a product or goods, sign it with its private key and provide it to a digital evidence user in response to a valid request, ensuring mechanisms for minimal data disclosure and anonymous data sharing under Clause 4 Article 3 of this Decree.

Organizations and individuals that are data owners shall themselves create and provide digital evidence for the data they own. When digital evidence is created and provided through Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability, the data owner shall decide the scope of data to be packaged;

c) Digital evidence users include consumers; state management agencies; customs offices and functional forces in border-gate areas; organizations and individuals participating in supply chains; and other organizations and individuals seeking to verify products and goods. A digital evidence user requests verification of data, and receives, checks and verifies digital evidence through the DID and public key published in the decentralized identifier document specified in Articles 6 and 7 of this Decree. Consumers, organizations and individuals shall look up and verify digital evidence through the National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods specified in Article 15 of this Decree;

4. Requirements for the creation and sharing of digital certificates and digital evidence:

a) A digital certificate created by a digital certificate issuer must describe the attributes of the subject reflected in the digital certificate and be signed with the issuer’s private key;

b) The digital certificate issuer shall publish the corresponding public key and DID and update data on the time of issuance, validity period and status of the digital certificate;

c) The sharing of digital certificates and digital evidence must ensure that information and data are provided only to the extent necessary and consistent with the specified purposes of processing and using the data. Digital certificates must be encrypted and securely stored, ensuring that they can be produced upon a valid request.

5. A digital evidence user shall ensure compliance with the principle of data minimization when requesting data sharing, and shall only request, receive, check, verify and use data that are necessary and consistent with the lawful purpose of use.

6. Requirements for verification of digital certificates and digital evidence:

a) Verification of digital evidence must be carried out on the basis of a valid request from the digital evidence user, specifying the purpose of use and the scope of data to be verified;

b) Verification of digital certificates and digital evidence shall be carried out using the parties’ DIDs and public keys to check the integrity and validity periods of the digital certificates and digital evidence.

7. The National Data Center shall provide verification tools and lookup mechanisms; the digital certificate issuer shall be responsible for the accuracy and legality of the digital certificate; the digital evidence creator and provider shall be responsible for the creation and provision of digital evidence; and the digital evidence user may only request and use data within a valid scope and for a valid purpose.

8. The Ministry of Public Security shall provide technical and operational guidance on the creation, sharing and use of digital certificates and digital evidence.

Article 9. Identification of products and goods

1. Identification of products and goods means the creation and assignment of a UID to each individual unit of a product or goods, or to each production or business lot or batch of products and goods, on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability for recognition, verification and traceability throughout the lifecycle of the products and goods.

Each individual unit or lot/batch of products and goods is also assigned one unique DID when its UID is created. The DID is stored on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform to serve the identification and traceability of products and goods through digital certificates and digital evidence. The UID of a product or goods is automatically linked to the DID of the organization or individual that creates the master data and recorded on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform to serve identification, verification and traceability through digital certificates and digital evidence. No additional DID or DID data carrier is required to be affixed to the product or goods.

2. A UID shall be automatically created on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability on the basis of the GTIN and master data created by an organization or individual in the following cases:

a) After the producer or importer first creates the master data on the product or goods on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability;

b) After the master data on the product or goods are connected to and synchronized with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability from the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal, national databases, specialized databases, traceability systems, information systems or other digital platforms of agencies, organizations or enterprises;

c) Other cases as required for state management.

3. If a product or goods has been assigned a Global Trade Item Number (below referred to as GTIN), the GTIN shall be used as a component serving as the basis for identification in the UID structure on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability. When necessary, other data components may be added in accordance with the UID structure to meet management, verification and traceability requirements.

If a product or goods has not been assigned a GTIN, the organization or individual shall register for the right to use codes and barcodes to be assigned a GTIN in accordance with Articles 29, 30 and 31 of Decree No. 37/2026/ND-CP before creating a UID. A GTIN that has been assigned shall be automatically connected to, cross-checked and exchanged with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability in accordance with Clauses 4 and 5 Article 32 of this Decree. Organizations and individuals are not required to repeat procedures or redeclare data that have been assigned and validly verified.

4. Producers, importers and traders shall provide complete and accurate information for the creation of master data and use UIDs for proper purposes; ensure the integrity of data carriers; and update information when changes occur in accordance with this Decree.

5. The automatic creation of UIDs for the identification of products and goods through Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability shall be free of charge in accordance with this Decree.

Article 10. Verification of products and goods

1. Verification of products and goods means verification of the entity that records data on products and goods, and checking the accuracy and integrity of such data at the time of verification against the data as recorded on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability. Verification of products and goods includes:

a) Verification of master data used to identify products and goods;

b) Verification of data at stages of product and goods traceability;

c) Verification of data on product and goods quality certifications, certificates of origin, certifications of conformity with technical regulations or standards, and other documents associated with products and goods for which digital certificates have been created;

d) Verification of other data related to products and goods.

2. The Data Innovation and Exploitation Center under the National Data Center may provide electronic verification services for products and goods through Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability without having to register to provide electronic verification services in accordance with the law on electronic identification and authentication.

3. Product and goods verification services shall be provided through the product and goods verification system of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability. The verification of data at stages of product and goods traceability; data on product and goods quality certifications, certificates of origin, certifications of conformity with technical regulations or standards, and other documents associated with products and goods for which digital certificates have been created; and other data related to products and goods shall be subject to service charges in accordance with the laws on prices and electronic authentication.

4. The results of product and goods verification under this Article confirm the accuracy and integrity of data and the validity of digital certificates and digital evidence associated with products and goods at the time of verification. The verification results do not replace conformity assessment, state quality inspection, expert assessment, inspection or examination, and do not replace decisions or conclusions of competent state agencies on the quality, safety, origin or conditions for circulation of products and goods under specialized laws.

The digital certificate issuer is responsible for the accuracy and legality of the contents of the verified data in accordance with Clauses 2 and 7 Article 8 of this Decree.

Article 11. Traceability of products and goods

1. Product and goods traceability activities under this Article shall be carried out in the digital environment through UIDs on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability. Traceability matters and operational requirements not prescribed in this Decree shall comply with Decree No. 37/2026/ND-CP and relevant specialized laws.

2. Product and goods traceability must be recorded through the creation of digital certificates specified in Clause 4 Article 8 of this Decree using UIDs to ensure integrity, verifiability and independent tracing. Recording through the creation of digital certificates shall be carried out for critical events in the course of production, import, export, circulation and consumption, including the issuance of invoices, recording of the time when the customs office decides to clear goods in accordance with the laws on tax and customs, and other forms of management in accordance with law.

An organization or individual responsible for the critical event in the supply chain as determined under this Clause shall ensure the creation of a digital certificate corresponding to that stage using the UID of the product or goods, unless data confirming completion of the stage have been synchronized with the National Database on Products and Goods. If a digital certificate is created by a service provider, there must be an agreement clearly identifying the entity performing the task, the scope of performance, responsibility for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the data, and the legal responsibilities of the parties in accordance with law.

3. Line ministries shall provide guidance and perform the state management of traceability under Decree 37 for each specific subject and product sector; and specify the critical events for which digital certificates must be created in the course of tracing high-risk products and goods, in a manner consistent with the characteristics of each group of products and goods under their management. They shall ensure that no additional procedures or repeated declaration obligations arise for organizations and individuals; that existing data in state agencies’ information systems can be connected, shared and exploited; and that data can be synchronized and exchanged with the National Database on Products and Goods. If the supply chain of a product or goods falls under the management of two or more ministries or ministerial-level agencies, the ministry or ministerial-level agency managing that product or goods shall assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with the related ministries and ministerial-level agencies in, prescribing and issuing the list of critical events for which digital certificates must be created and traceability must be carried out.

The minimum data to be recorded at each stage include:

a) The product or goods recorded, identified by a unique identifier (UID) in accordance with regulations;

b) The type of event occurring at each stage of the traceability process, including: An event recording the status of a product or goods; an event involving the packaging, lot splitting, consolidation or separation of products or goods; an event linking a product or goods to a specific commercial transaction; an event involving the transformation or processing of materials into goods; and an event establishing an identity relationship between a product or goods and related electronically identified entities. The National Data Center shall provide guidance on the data structure, technical standards and data exchange formats applicable to each type of event under this Point, ensuring interoperability and integration with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability;

c) The time at which the event occurs;

d) The location at which the event occurs, including the actual location of the event and the location determined in accordance with specialized laws and related operational procedures, when these locations are determined using different methods;

dd) The operational stage and the status of the product or goods at the time of recording;

e) The recording entity and, in the event of a transfer of ownership, control or responsibility for the product or goods, the receiving entity;

g) Relevant conditions and technical parameters when required by specialized laws.

4. Traceability data for each product or goods on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and product and goods traceability systems must include at least the information specified in Clause 5 Article 23 of Decree No. 37/2026/ND-CP.

5. Product and goods quality certifications, certificates of origin, certifications of conformity with technical regulations or standards, and other documents associated with high-risk products and goods in the traceability process shall be digitized, verified, connected to and synchronized with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability in accordance with the roadmap, data standards and management requirements prescribed by competent agencies. The digitization and verification of the documents and certifications specified in this Clause that are associated with medium-risk and low-risk products and goods, and their connection to and synchronization with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability, are encouraged to meet specialized state management requirements.

Corresponding digital certificates for the documents and certifications specified in this Clause shall be created when certification systems, issuing agencies, conformity assessment organizations and certification organizations satisfy the technical conditions for connection and data sharing with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability in accordance with law and guidance of competent agencies.

6. Line ministries shall organize the creation of, or direct, require and ensure that organizations and units competent to issue product and goods quality certifications, certificates of origin, certifications of conformity with technical regulations or standards, and other documents associated with products and goods create, corresponding digital certificates and ensure data connection and exchange with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability. They shall compile and issue a list of documents and certifications associated with products and goods under their management for which digital certificates must be created, and an implementation roadmap, and update and adjust the list when changes occur in accordance with law.

Digital certificates for product and goods quality certifications, certificates of origin, certificates of conformity with technical regulations or standards, and other documents associated with products and goods that have been created on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability have the same validity for use as originals.

Chapter III

VIETNAM’S PLATFORM FOR PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION, VERIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY AND THE NATIONAL DATABASE ON PRODUCTS AND GOODS

Article 12. Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform

1. Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform is a shared digital infrastructure platform operating through a distributed ledger mechanism to verify, store, synchronize and certify data and e-transactions in an immutable, transparent and verifiable manner. The Government assigns the Ministry of Public Security to build and manage the Platform to serve the activities of Party agencies, state agencies, Vietnam Fatherland Front Committees and socio-political organizations, and socio-economic development.

2. Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform supports the establishment and operation of other systems, platforms and applications requiring data confirmation and verification through mechanisms for recording, logging and cross-checking on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform using decentralized identifiers and public and private keys, or methods consistent with the law on data.

For the period and within the scope determined by the data owner, data verified through Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform have legal validity equivalent to that of original data in national databases, specialized databases or other databases under Clause 2 Article 20 of the Law on Data.

3. Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability is an operational application layer built and operated on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform to support the creation and sharing of digital certificates and digital evidence for the identification, verification and traceability of products and goods under the model specified in Clause 3 Article 8 of this Decree.

4. Application layers, digital services and information systems developed on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform shall be implemented under a public-private partnership model in accordance with the law on public-private partnerships in the fields of science, technology, innovation and digital transformation, or in other forms as prescribed by law. The State shall manage, supervise and control technical standards and data safety and security. Organizations and enterprises participating in such partnerships shall be responsible for developing, providing and operating applications within the approved scope.

5. Information recorded on Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform shall include, at a minimum, the DIDs, public keys and corresponding verification methods of entities participating in the issuance, creation, provision and verification of digital certificates and digital evidence, while ensuring that digital certificates and digital evidence linked to UIDs can be cross-checked and checked for validity throughout the lifecycle of products and goods.

Article 13. Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability

1. Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability comprises:

a) The product and goods identification system, which is shared core technical infrastructure performing the functions of creating and managing unique UIDs for products and goods in accordance with this Decree;

b) The product and goods verification system, which is built on the product and goods identification component and performs the functions of ensuring that digital certificates and digital evidence linked to UIDs can be cross-checked and checked for validity throughout the lifecycle of products and goods; and verifying data used for product and goods identification, data at stages of traceability and other data related to products and goods in accordance with this Decree;

c) The product and goods traceability system, which connects, shares, exchanges and synchronizes data with the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal and the information systems of ministries, ministerial-level agencies, provincial-level People’s Committees and related organizations and individuals; and carries out product and goods traceability activities in accordance with this Decree.

d) The National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods is an integration interface and user interface serving consumers, individuals, organizations and enterprises participating in supply chains, and specialized and local state management agencies in accordance with Article 15 of this Decree. The National Application is available in both a mobile version (VnUID) and a web version accessible at the domain vnuid.gov.vn;

2. Investment in and construction of the systems comprising Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability specified in Clause 1 of this Article shall be carried out through one or a combination of the following forms: public investment in accordance with the law on public investment; investment under public-private partnerships, including build-operate-transfer (BOT), build-transfer-operate (BTO), operate-manage (O&M) and other appropriate forms as prescribed by the law on investment under public-private partnerships; joint ventures and associations using public assets; business cooperation; or other forms of public-private cooperation consistent with law.

3. The National Data Center is the unit directly responsible for building, administering, operating, maintaining and upgrading Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability.

4. Ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall coordinate with the Ministry of Public Security in implementing and ensuring the connection, operation and exploitation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability within their assigned functions, tasks and powers in accordance with this Decree and relevant laws.

Article 14. Connection and interoperability mechanisms of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability

1. The National Data Center shall use existing infrastructure to organize the administration, operation and exploitation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability; identify and verify products and goods in accordance with this Decree; and coordinate, connect, exchange, standardize and share data.

2. The National Product and Goods Traceability Portal shall be connected to and interoperable with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability, with data shared and synchronized between them.

3. Responsibilities for data connection, sharing, and synchronization with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal are determined as follows:

a) Data connected to and shared with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability by agencies, organizations and individuals that fall within the scope of traceability data shall be automatically shared with the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal.

b) Data already connected to and shared with the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal shall be synchronized with and reused on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability to serve product and goods identification and verification. Data connection and sharing shall meet the technical requirements for data connection, sharing, and synchronization specified in Clause 10 of this Article.

c) The sharing of traceability data with the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal through Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability shall constitute fulfillment of the obligation to connect to and share data with the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal under the law on product and goods traceability.

d) Organizations, enterprises, business households and individuals producing or trading in products and goods shall connect, integrate, create and update data, and record supply chain events on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability; ensure the accuracy and completeness of data; and comply with specialized laws.

4. Agencies, organizations and individuals are not required to establish additional connections or redeclare or resubmit data that have already been connected, shared and validly verified on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability or the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal.

5. Ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall exploit and use Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability as shared technical infrastructure to perform management operations for products and goods within their respective fields and localities, including creating, updating and revoking digital certificates and digital evidence for certifications, and managing lists of products under their responsibility. When requirements arise for specialized, sectoral or local state management operations that fall outside the features and operations provided by Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability under this Decree, ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall proactively build, administer and operate information technology systems, traceability systems or digital platforms with appropriate features; ensure that investment is not duplicated; and connect to, and synchronize data with the National Platform.

Existing information technology systems, traceability systems and digital platforms shall continue to be used, with data connection, and synchronization with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability ensured.

6. Customs offices and functional forces in border-gate areas may use tools and methods for looking up and verifying UIDs on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability to check and cross-check information and support the determination of the validity of exported and imported goods in accordance with the law on customs and other relevant laws.

7. Organizations and enterprises providing services and technological solutions to support the identification, verification and traceability of products and goods arising from production, business and circulation activities, and the creation, management and sharing of digital certificates and digital evidence, must ensure connection to and integration with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability in accordance with regulations.

8. Producers and traders that have traceability systems or information systems for the administration and management of product and goods data shall connect, share, and synchronize data through one of the following methods of their own choosing:

a) Direct connection to Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability, or connection to the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal in accordance with Clause 3 of this Article;

b) Connection through specialized traceability systems, information systems or digital platforms managed and operated by public non-business units or organizations and units under line ministries, ministerial-level agencies or provincial-level People’s Committees. Such specialized traceability systems, information systems and digital platforms shall ensure connection, sharing, and synchronization of data with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability;

c) Connection through service and technological solution providers specified in Clause 7 of this Article.

9. Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability is shared technical infrastructure serving identification, verification, data connection, and sharing with the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal, national databases, specialized databases, traceability systems and related digital platforms in accordance with law.

10. The Minister of Public Security shall issue regulations on technical requirements for data connection, sharing, and synchronization with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability.

Article 15. National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods

1. The National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods is an integration interface and user interface tool comprising a mobile application, a website and other forms of presentation, forming part of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability. It enables state agencies, organizations, enterprises and individuals to carry out identification and to create, update, share, verify and trace data related to products and goods in the electronic environment.

2. The National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods has the following principal functions and tasks:

a) Functions serving consumers: Provide tools to look up and verify information on the origin, quality, expiration date and entire circulation history of products and goods by scanning QR codes containing UIDs; support the checking and verification of digital certificates, digital evidence and the status of product and goods UIDs; receive, route and forward feedback and recommendations from organizations and individuals concerning product and goods identification, verification and traceability to competent agencies and the National Product and Goods Quality Monitoring System for consideration and handling in accordance with Decree No. 37/2026/ND-CP and specialized laws; and notify handling results forwarded by competent agencies;

b) Functions serving individuals, organizations and enterprises participating in supply chains: Support the registration, creation and updating of complete master data on products and goods; enable the real-time recording and updating of critical events at stages throughout the lifecycle of products and goods; support lot/batch management, change tracking, product recalls, and data connection and synchronization with enterprises’ internal management systems; provide tools to create, manage and update digital certificates and digital evidence linked to UIDs in accordance with Articles 6 and 7 of this Decree; and provide technical support, user guidance and advice during data declaration and updating.

c) Functions serving specialized and local state management agencies: Support ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees in managing, monitoring, approving and verifying specialized data, and in reporting, compiling statistics and analyzing the status of product and goods traceability within their respective scopes of management; reform administrative procedures; and establish interoperable connections with the National Public Service Portal, the National Information Portal and other national and specialized databases.

3. Access to and use of the National Application and its functions must be carried out through national electronic identification and authentication accounts in accordance with the law on electronic identification and authentication. The National Application must comply with authorization mechanisms and ensure cybersecurity and the protection of personal data and business secrets in accordance with law; and ensure user-friendliness, ease of use, support for multiple platforms and unified integration with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability specified in Article 13 of this Decree.

Article 16. Administration and operation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform

1. Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform shall be administered and operated in a centralized and unified manner to ensure continuous, stable and safe operation and serve state management and the production and business activities of organizations, enterprises and individuals.

2. Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform must be designed and built with security and safety ensured to manage the identification, verification and traceability of products and goods for national defense, security and dual-use purposes.

3. The administration and operation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and Vietnam’s Blockchain Platform include:

a) Developing operational procedures for the administration and operation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability;

b) Developing and implementing cybersecurity solutions;

c) Developing and implementing solutions for data synchronization, backup, redundancy and recovery, and solutions to ensure high operational performance and high system availability;

d) Establishing an organizational structure or specialized unit and assigning dedicated personnel to operate Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability;

dd) Ensuring adequate and timely funding for the building and operation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability.

Article 17. Assurance of resources for the building, development and operation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability

1. The building, development, administration and operation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability shall be funded by the state budget, revenues of the Data Innovation and Exploitation Center from the provision of data products and services, and resources mobilized from organizations and individuals in accordance with law.

2. Ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall allocate funding, personnel and other necessary conditions for data connection, sharing, and exploitation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability to serve management operations for products and goods within their respective fields and localities. Where separate specialized, sectoral or local state management operations are required, ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall allocate resources to build, administer and operate information technology systems, traceability systems or digital platforms in accordance with Clause 5 Article 14 of this Decree, ensuring that investment is not duplicated and that data are connected, exchanged and synchronized with the National Platform. For existing information technology systems, traceability systems or digital platforms, ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall allocate resources for their continued administration, operation, maintenance and upgrading, and ensure data connection, and synchronization with the National Platform.

3. Organizations and enterprises are encouraged to participate in providing services, technical solutions and infrastructure, and in operating and exploiting Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability through market mechanisms and public-private partnerships in accordance with law. Participating organizations shall be selected in an open and transparent manner, ensuring cybersecurity.

Article 18. National Database on Products and Goods

1. The National Database on Products and Goods comprises master data and data generated throughout the lifecycle of products and goods, ensuring consistent identification, cross-checking, verification and tracing, and meeting at least the following objectives:

a) Creating data for product and goods identification nationwide;

b) Verifying data on the origin, quality and circulation history of products and goods;

c) Serving management, direction, administration, inspection and examination;

d) Serving crime prevention and combat, combating trade fraud and protecting consumer rights and interests;

dd) Serving data connection and sharing among ministries, ministerial-level agencies, localities, organizations and enterprises;

e) Serving national digital transformation and the development of the digital economy and digital society.

2. The creation, collection, updating, exploitation and sharing of data in the National Database on Products and Goods shall comply with Chapters V and VI of this Decree and the following principles:

a) Data activities must be conducted for proper purposes, within the proper authority and scope; publicity and transparency must be ensured for information permitted to be made public;

b) Data must be verified at source by the agencies, organizations or enterprises that create or provide them; agencies, organizations and enterprises providing data shall be legally responsible for their accuracy, completeness and legality;

c) Data must be standardized according to uniform standards and technical regulations, ensuring no duplication and interoperability among information systems;

d) Data integrity, traceability and independent verifiability must be ensured, with mechanisms for managing and logging changes;

dd) Cybersecurity and the protection of personal data, state secrets and business secrets must be ensured in accordance with law.

3. The Ministry of Public Security is the agency managing the National Database on Products and Goods. The National Data Center is the unit responsible for building, managing, operating, maintaining and upgrading the National Database on Products and Goods; ensuring technical infrastructure, cybersecurity, backup, recovery, monitoring and logging, and continuous and stable operation.

4. Information in the National Database on Products and Goods shall be standardized, connected, synchronized and exploited in accordance with this Decree and relevant laws.

5. Principal information in the National Database on Products and Goods includes:

a) Product and goods identification information: Product or goods name; code and name of the product category/industry under the Vietnam Central Product Classification; goods code under the Vietnam Nomenclature of Exports and Imports, for exported and imported goods; product or goods code and name under the list of products and goods issued by the line ministry, if any; trademark, if any; goods category/industry; UID; Global Trade Item Number (GTIN), if any; and internal product code specified by the manufacturer;

b) Information on lots/batches and packaging units, where applicable: Lot number/code; date of manufacture; expiration date; packaging specifications; weight/volume; and logistics service provider code under GS1 standards, if any;

c) Information on concerned organizations and individuals: Name; identification number/tax identification number of the organization/individual; address; contact information; and the entity’s role (manufacturer/importer/distributor/retailer/logistics service provider or other related entity);

d) Information on standards, quality and conformity, according to specialized management requirements and the type of goods: Applicable standards; certifications, licenses and testing/inspection results, if any; declaration number/circulation registration number or equivalent information, if subject to specialized management;

dd) Traceability information at critical events in the supply chain;

e) Information on warnings, violations and recalls, if any: Risk warnings; inspection/monitoring conclusions; handling measures; recall status; and consumer advisories.

6. Additional information fields specific to sectors or fields, as required by state management agencies or according to the needs of organizations and enterprises, may include: Detailed descriptions; ingredients and materials; uses; instructions for use/storage; images; technical documents; data on raw material areas; transaction, circulation and logistics information; and information on ownership, management and use, where provided by law and with personal data protection ensured.

7. The Ministry of Public Security shall assume the prime responsibility for, coordinate in, and reach agreement with related agencies on, specifying information on products and goods within their respective sectors and fields of management to be included in the National Database on Products and Goods, in accordance with their assigned functions, tasks and powers. Information on standards, codes, barcodes, traceability and other matters under the Ministry of Science and Technology's state management shall be specified in accordance with specialized laws and in coordination and agreement with the Ministry of Science and Technology.

Chapter IV

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOFTWARE SYSTEMS OF VIETNAM’S PLATFORM FOR PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION, VERIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY AND THE NATIONAL DATABASE ON PRODUCTS AND GOODS

Article 19. Information technology infrastructure and software systems of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods

1. The information technology infrastructure of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods is managed and operated by the National Data Center and comprises all necessary hardware, software, network infrastructure, security systems, storage devices and other technical components. It shall be built, upgraded and maintained in accordance with the laws on public investment, information technology, cybersecurity and other relevant laws.

2. The software system of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability forms part of the information technology infrastructure specified in Clause 1 of this Article and comprises the main application groups for information management, updating, exploitation and provision, and for management, administration, operation and maintenance. It shall meet information technology standards applicable to state agencies and ensure integration and data sharing with related information systems to support the management, operation, updating and exploitation of information and data.

Article 20. Building and operation of the information technology infrastructure and software systems of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods

1. The building and operation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods include the following activities:

a) Establishing, upgrading and maintaining information technology infrastructure;

b) Building and upgrading software systems for the management, operation and exploitation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods;

c) Providing training, practical training and further training to enhance the capacity of personnel operating the information technology infrastructure and software systems.

2. The National Data Center shall administer, exploit, connect and provide data in accordance with law. Technical connection, coordination and monitoring activities shall comply with applicable laws on mandatory data connection and sharing among agencies within the political system and regulations on the National Data Architecture Framework and the National Data Governance and Management Framework.

Chapter V

COLLECTION, CREATION, UPDATING, CONNECTION, SHARING AND PROVISION OF INFORMATION AND DATA ON PRODUCTS AND GOODS

Article 21. Collection, creation, updating, connection, sharing and provision of information and data in the National Database on Products and Goods

1. Information and data in the National Database on Products and Goods shall be collected, created, updated, connected, shared and provided from the following sources:

a) Information registered, declared and provided by organizations and individuals engaged in production, trading, import, distribution, retail or logistics, and other entities in the supply chain;

b) Information and data connected and shared from national databases, specialized databases and information systems of ministries, sectors, localities and competent state agencies;

c) Information and data from conformity assessment organizations, certification organizations, testing/inspection organizations, goods assessment organizations and organizations with functions prescribed by law;

d) Information and data generated from state management activities: Inspection, examination and market surveillance; handling of violations; product and goods recalls; and risk warnings;

dd) Information and data from e-commerce platforms, digital platforms for goods distribution and enterprises’ traceability systems;

e) Other lawful sources as prescribed by law.

2. Principles for the collection, creation, updating, connection, sharing and provision of information and data:

a) Ensure that information and data are provided fully, accurately and promptly. Master data on products and goods shall be updated immediately upon any change or new development in accordance with relevant specialized laws. Traceability data shall be updated within the time limits and at the frequencies specified in Clause 4 Article 23 of this Decree and relevant specialized laws;

b) Verify the identity of data providers and ensure data integrity in accordance with law;

c) Comply with standards, technical regulations, data structures and formats, and regulations on data connection, integration and sharing and cybersecurity.

3. Competent state agencies; organizations and individuals engaged in production, import, trading, distribution, retail or logistics; e-commerce platforms; and other entities in product and goods supply chains shall create, update, connect, share and provide information and data in accordance with the roadmap and the law on product and goods quality, Decree No. 37/2026/ND-CP, this Decree and relevant specialized laws. To be specific:

a) Producers and importers shall create and update initial data on products and goods, master data, data used for product and goods identification, and traceability information generated at the production and import stages; and update and supplement data generated in relation to products and goods for which digital certificates must be created;

b) Organizations and individuals engaged in distribution, wholesale or retail, and logistics service providers shall provide and update data for the minimum traceability events prescribed by related ministries and sectors, according to the scope of their participation in the supply chain;

c) E-commerce platforms shall provide and update seller identification information in accordance with specialized laws and the law on e-commerce, and data serving the traceability of goods traded on the platforms, at the request of competent agencies;

d) Conformity assessment, certification, testing, inspection and assessment organizations shall provide and update data on standards, technical regulations, certifications and testing/inspection results arising from their activities; and ensure the authenticity of such data in accordance with regulations;

dd) Competent agencies shall provide and update data generated from state management activities according to their functions for managing sectors, fields and localities and in accordance with Articles 22 and 23 of this Decree;

e) The updating, connection, sharing and provision of information and data specified in this Clause shall be carried out at each stage when information is generated, consistent with the roadmap, data standards, connection methods and updating frequency prescribed by this Decree, Decree No. 37/2026/ND-CP and specialized laws. Organizations and individuals are not required to re-update information and data lawfully created, verified, connected and shared on related systems.

4. The collection, creation, updating, connection, sharing and provision of information and data specified in this Article shall be carried out through any of the following methods:

a) Directly on the National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods;

b) Connection to and synchronization with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability through organizations and enterprises providing services and solutions supporting product and goods identification, verification and traceability in accordance with this Decree;

c) Through other lawful forms and applications implemented or approved by the Ministry of Public Security, ensuring integration, connection and data sharing with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability.

5. Ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall create, update and maintain data on products and goods within their respective sectors, fields and localities on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability or in existing databases and information systems under their management; ensure that data are standardized according to uniform standards and data formats prescribed by the Ministry of Public Security; and connect and synchronize data with the National Database on Products and Goods in accordance with this Decree and the law on mandatory data connection and sharing within the political system.

6. Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability must provide the following technical mechanisms to minimize errors during data collection and creation and ensure data quality:

a) Automatic checking the validity of input data, issuance of warnings and rejection of data that fail to meet format or structure standards or lack mandatory information fields;

b) Complete logging, in a manner that prevents deletion or modification, of the time, entity, access address and content of every operation to create, update, modify or revoke data, ensuring traceability of the entire history of data changes;

c) Automatic detection of and warnings about duplicate, conflicting or anomalous data, with notifications forwarded to competent management agencies for verification and handling.

Article 22. Sharing, connection and provision of information and data of ministries, sectors and localities on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods

1. The Ministry of Industry and Trade shall coordinate in sharing and providing information and data concerning production, circulation, distribution, e-commerce, import, logistics, market management, protection of consumer rights and interests, goods trading activities and specialized data related to products and goods.

2. The Ministry of Agriculture and Environment shall coordinate in sharing and providing information and data on raw material areas, crop production, livestock production, fisheries, food safety, growing area codes, aquaculture establishment codes, quality control, traceability of agricultural, forestry and fishery products, and related specialized data.

3. The Ministry of Health shall coordinate in in sharing and providing information and data from the national health database and specialized health databases concerning products and goods in the health sector, including information on pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food safety under the management of the health sector, medical devices and specialized management data related to products and goods in the health sector, in accordance with the law on health data management and other relevant laws.

4. The Ministry of Finance shall coordinate in sharing and providing information and data on customs, including items on e-customs declarations), tax, invoice codes and other data on the national database, and specialized databases under the management, related to products and goods, within the sharing scope as prescribed by law.

5. The Government Inspectorate shall coordinate in sharing and providing information and data on inspection conclusions, recommendations for handling and information related to violations in the production, trading and circulation of products and goods in accordance with law.

6. Other ministries and ministerial-level agencies shall, within their assigned functions and tasks, share and provide specialized information and data related to products and goods in accordance with this Decree and relevant laws.

7. Provincial-level People’s Committees shall organize the collection, updating and sharing of information and data on the production, trading, circulation, inspection, handling of violations and traceability of products and goods in their localities, and ensure connection and interoperability with the National Platform.

8. The National Data Center shall organize the receipt, coordination and control of the connection, sharing and provision of information and data; ensure that information and data are shared for proper purposes, within the proper scope and authority; and ensure cybersecurity and personal data protection in accordance with law.

Article 23. Methods and frequency of sharing, connection and provision of information and data

1. The sharing, connection and provision of information and data among agencies, organizations and individuals shall be carried out through diverse methods, ensuring convenience for information and data providers and suitability to the readiness of technological infrastructure and state management requirements.

2. The connection and sharing of information and data among state management agencies for product and goods traceability shall be carried out through application programming interfaces, data integration and sharing platforms or equivalent technical methods, ensuring integration with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability.

3. Methods for the provision and updating of information and data by organizations, enterprises and individuals participating in supply chains:

a) Automatic data connection and transmission through application programming interfaces integrated with enterprises’ management systems, cash registers in accordance with the law on invoices and documents, warehouse management systems, logistics systems or other internal information systems;

b) Provision and updating of information and data through the National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods or other lawful access channels implemented by the Ministry of Public Security;

c) When necessary, data may be provided through electronic forms, standardized data files or other appropriate technical methods that ensure integration with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability;

d) Data synchronized on the National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods and Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability must be subject to mechanisms for authorization, sharing and forwarding among parties in the supply chain according to the scope of their participation, ensuring no duplicate declarations and no requirement to re-enter data that have been validly verified.

4. Line ministries shall determine the time limits and frequency for updating traceability data for products and goods under their management, ensuring suitability to the nature of the data, the risk levels of products and goods, state management requirements, supply chain characteristics and the technical conditions of participating entities. Where specialized laws prescribe time limits and frequency for updating data, those provisions shall apply.

5. Before establishing technical connection, agencies and units sharing, connecting and providing information and data must publish complete metadata in the shared data dictionary in accordance with applicable laws.

Article 24. Processing, analysis and compilation of information and data

1. Ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People’s Committees shall check and process information and data they create, update, connect and share before such information and data are integrated into and stored on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and in the product and goods database to ensure accuracy, reasonableness and consistency, including:

a) Reviewing and cleansing information and data to ensure no duplication;

b) Ensuring that information and data updated in the National Database on Products and Goods are verified through digital certificates and digital evidence in accordance with regulations;

c) Ensuring that access to information and data is logged.

2. If declared information or data contain errors before a product is placed on the market, the organization or individual that made the declaration shall update the data status and redeclare the information on the system through an authenticated and authorized access account on the National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods.

The updating of data status must ensure that the history of changes is logged, that data records created before the update are not lost, deleted or replaced in contravention of regulations, and that the legal validity of data used in transactions or management activities before the update remains unchanged.

If data have been verified, published or used in state management activities by a competent agency, updates and corrections shall comply with the rules on system management and operation and specialized laws.

3. The National Data Center may collect, analyze and compile data in the National Database on Products and Goods to serve socio-economic development, national defense and security.

Article 25. Responsibilities and powers of related agencies, organizations and individuals in collecting, updating and providing information and data in data identification, verification and tracing activities

1. To comply with the procedures for collecting, updating and providing information and data for product and goods identification, verification and traceability under this Decree and other relevant laws.

2. To ensure the completeness, accuracy and timeliness of information and data they create, manage or are capable of controlling when providing or updating such information and data on the system. If the provision of inaccurate, incomplete or untimely information or data causes damage, they shall be liable in accordance with relevant specialized laws.

Agencies, organizations and individuals shall not be liable under Clause 2 of this Article if they can prove that errors, inaccuracies or delays in updating information or data arose from force majeure events, objective technical incidents, or inaccurate information or data provided by a third party of which they neither knew nor could reasonably have known at the time of receipt, use or provision.

3. To promptly update information and data and give notice of any changes or errors.

4. To refuse requests for information and data that are contrary to this Decree and other relevant laws.

5. To store and preserve records and documents as a basis for cross-checking, inspection and verification at the request of competent agencies. To storage shall comply with the laws on archives, e-transactions and relevant specialized laws. Records and documents may be stored electronically if their integrity, accessibility, searchability and availability for cross-checking and production when necessary are ensured in accordance with law.

6. To implement measures to ensure cybersecurity and personal data protection in accordance with law.

Chapter VI

EXPLOITATION, USE AND SHARING OF INFORMATION AND DATA IN PRODUCT AND GOODS IDENTIFICATION, VERIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY ACTIVITIES

Article 26. Exploitation, use and sharing of information and data in the National Database on Products and Goods

1. The exploitation, use and sharing of information and data on products and goods in the National Database on Products and Goods shall comply with the following principles:

a) Being conducted for proper purposes, within the proper authority and scope, with a clear description of the purpose of exploitation and subject to authorization and monitoring mechanisms;

b) Ensuring cybersecurity and the protection of personal data, state secrets, business secrets and the lawful rights and interests of agencies, organizations and individuals; sensitive personal data must be anonymized or subject to a special access authorization mechanism in accordance with law;

c) In the event of data leakage, compromised data safety or use of data for improper purposes, related agencies, organizations and individuals shall promptly take preventive and remedial measures, notify competent agencies, coordinate in incident handling and bear responsibility in accordance with law;

d) Ensuring cybersecurity and confidentiality in the exploitation, use and sharing of information and data on products and goods.

2. State agencies may exploit and use information and data within the fields and sectors under their management to serve state management, direction and administration, inspection, examination, monitoring, prevention and combat of trade fraud, protection of consumer rights and interests, and other tasks prescribed by law. Such exploitation shall be carried out through data connection and sharing and in accordance with their assigned functions and tasks.

3. Organizations, enterprises and individuals may exploit and use information and data within their authorization to:

a) Manage products and goods they create or in the supply chains they participate; and fulfill traceability, disclosure and information provision obligations in accordance with law;

b) Verify products and goods and prevent and combat counterfeiting; and support risk management, product and goods recalls and warranties;

c) Look up the information and data specified in Clause 5, Article 23 of Decree No. 37/2026/ND-CP dated January 23, 2026, detailing a number of articles and measures for organizing and guiding the implementation of the Law on Product and Goods Quality.

4. Organizations and individuals that have declared and provided information and data on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability may exploit and use the information and data they have declared and provided.

5. The exploitation, use and sharing of information and data in the National Database on Products and Goods shall be carried out according to data classification, the scope of access rights, purposes of use and methods of exploitation consistent with the laws on data, personal data protection, cybersecurity, protection of state secrets and business secrets.

Open data and data made public as prescribed by law may be exploited directly through websites, applications, application programming interfaces, data exchanges or other electronic methods consistent with law.

Shared data may be exploited and used by competent agencies and organizations through data connection and sharing, authenticated and authorized access accounts or other electronic methods in accordance with law.

Data other than open data, data made public in accordance with law and shared data may be exploited and used through authenticated and authorized access accounts on the National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods; technical connections; data sharing agreements; contracts for the provision of data products and services; data exchanges; or other lawful methods in accordance with law.

Article 27. Forms of exploitation, use and sharing of information and data on products and goods

The exploitation, use and sharing of information and data on products and goods shall be carried out in the following forms:

1. Directly through the National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods.

2. Through data connection and sharing among information systems.

3. Through data exchanges.

4. Through application programming interfaces; technical connections; data exchanges; data sharing agreements; contracts for the provision of data products and services; or other electronic methods consistent with law.

Article 28. Mechanisms for exploitation, use and sharing of information and data on products and goods

1. State agencies shall exploit, use and share data for state management through data connection and sharing among information systems, authenticated and authorized access accounts or other electronic methods in accordance with law. They are not required to apply for access rights to data exploited within their functions, tasks and scope of authorization.

2. Organizations and individuals shall exploit and use public data, open data, shared data and data permitted to be exploited through authenticated and authorized accounts, data connections, data sharing agreements, contracts, data exchanges or other lawful methods. The exploitation of restricted-access data or data subject to conditions shall comply with the law on data and other relevant laws.

3. Where data contain personal data, state secrets, business secrets, important data, core data or restricted-access data, their exploitation, use and sharing may only be carried out for proper purposes, within the proper scope and authority, and in compliance with the conditions for data access and use and data protection requirements prescribed by law.

4. Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Application for Identification, Verification and Traceability of Products and Goods shall be developed with utilities to verify the identity of accessing entities, control access rights, log data exploitation, maintain audit trails of data use and apply technical measures to ensure information safety and data security.

5. The provision of data products and services at the request of organizations and individuals shall be carried out through data service provision mechanisms, contracts, terms of use, data exchanges or electronic transaction methods consistent with law.

Article 29. Costs of exploiting information and data

1. The exploitation of information and data among state agencies shall be free of charge, unless otherwise provided by law.

2. The exploitation of original information and data directly from the National Database on Products and Goods in cases not covered by Clause 1 of this Article shall be subject to the mechanism for collecting charges for the exploitation and use of information in national databases and other specialized databases.

3. For value-added data products and services created through the analysis, compilation and processing of information from the National Database on Products and Goods, the Ministry of Public Security shall issue administrative documents setting their prices in accordance with the law on price.

Article 30. Responsibilities and powers of agencies, organizations and individuals in exploiting, using and sharing information and data in product and goods identification, verification and traceability activities

1. To comply with the principles specified in Article 4 of this Decree and regulations issued by competent authorities on the management, exploitation and use of data for product and goods identification, verification and traceability activities.

2. Not to provide third parties with information and data supplied by competent agencies for their exploitation and use, unless permitted by those agencies.

3. To promptly notify management agencies of errors in the information and data collected.

4. To have the right to lodge complaints and denunciations in accordance with the law on complaints and denunciations when their rights to exploit and use data are infringed.

5. To be entitled to compensation in accordance with law if the provision of inaccurate information or data by an information and data provider causes them damage.

Chapter VII

STATE MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION, VERIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY OF PRODUCTS AND GOODS

Article 31. The Ministry of Public Security shall

1. Build, manage, use and exploit Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods.

2. Assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with ministries and ministerial-level agencies in:

a) Developing procedures guiding the collection, updating, exploitation, sharing and connection of data among national databases and other specialized databases related to product and goods identification, verification and traceability activities, and Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability;

b) Ensuring cybersecurity and preventing and combating fraud, forgery and high-tech crime related to product and goods identification, verification and traceability activities.

3. Inspect, urge and guide ministries, ministerial-level agencies and localities nationwide in the building, management, exploitation, connection, sharing, updating and use of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods.

4. Compile information on implementation by ministries, ministerial-level agencies and localities concerning data standardization, collection, sharing, connection and exchange; report difficulties and obstacles arising during implementation to the Government for consideration and resolution; use allocated funds to build and upgrade information technology infrastructure and software systems, build databases and maintain the regular operation of Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods in compliance with applicable regulations; and act as the focal point for receiving and compiling information and data on products and goods shared and provided by ministries, ministerial-level agencies and localities.

5. Issue administrative documents setting prices for value-added products and services using information from the National Database on Products and Goods at the request of organizations and individuals.

6. Publicly disclose agencies, organizations and individuals that violate this Decree on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability.

7. Assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with, and urge ministries, ministerial-level agencies, localities and related organizations and individuals in, implementing this Decree.

8. Perform other duties in accordance with laws.

Article 32. The Ministry of Science and Technology shall

1. Perform the tasks assigned under Articles 9, 13, 14, 15, 22 and 23 and other relevant provisions of this Decree.

2. Perform the state management of product and goods quality in production, export, import and circulation on the market; and the state management of codes, barcodes and product and goods traceability in accordance with Decree No. 37/2026/ND-CP and relevant laws.

3. Coordinate with the Ministry of Public Security in developing operational procedures and technical guidance on data connection, sharing and exploitation between the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal and Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability.

4. Ensure data connection, exchange and sharing between the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal and Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability for proper purposes, within the proper scope and authority, and in accordance with law.

5. Ensure the operation and maintenance of the system and the issuance, management and use of GS1 Company Prefixes (GCPs), Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) and related codes and data within the scope of specialized management, ensuring automatic, real-time connection, cross-checking and exchange with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability.

6. Assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with the Ministry of Public Security in, connecting and sharing product and goods traceability data with international traceability systems through the National Product and Goods Traceability Portal, within the scope of data in databases managed by state agencies acting as data administrators. Data connection and sharing shall comply with the laws on cross-border data transfer and processing, personal data protection, protection of state secrets and business secrets, cybersecurity and the rights of data owners. The connection and sharing of data for product and goods identification and verification and data in the National Database on Products and Goods shall comply with this Decree and the law on data.

For traceability data managed by organizations and individuals acting as data owners or data administrators, producing and trading organizations and individuals, and organizations and enterprises providing services and technological solutions supporting product and goods identification, verification and traceability shall proactively connect and share data with foreign organizations and individuals in accordance with the law on data and other relevant laws. The Ministry of Science and Technology shall assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with the Ministry of Public Security in, providing guidance and support on technical standards, data formats and related procedures upon request.

The exploitation of traceability data from international traceability systems shall comply with the laws of the relevant countries and territories, treaties and international agreements to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a party, and Vietnamese law on international cooperation on data.

Article 33. The Ministry of Finance shall

1. Perform the tasks assigned under Articles 3, 11, 18, 22 and 23 and other relevant provisions of this Decree.

2. Assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with the Ministry of Public Security in, issuing regulations on the rates, collection, payment, exemption, management and use of fees for the exploitation and use of data in the National Database on Products and Goods.

3. Provide guidance on the display and linking of product and goods unique identifiers (UIDs) on e-invoices in accordance with the law on invoices and documents; and coordinate with the Ministry of Public Security to synchronize invoice data with the National Database on Products and Goods for tax administration in accordance with the law on tax administration.

Article 34. Line ministries shall

1. Assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with the Ministry of Public Security and ministries and ministerial-level agencies managing products and goods in their respective fields in, implementing this Decree.

2. Exploit and use Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods as shared technical infrastructure to perform management operations for product and goods identification, verification and traceability under this Decree for products and goods within their respective fields of management; and exploit data from the National Platform for monitoring, supervision, compilation, analysis and reporting according to management requirements within their respective scopes of management. Where separate specialized or sectoral state management operations are required, allocate resources to build, administer and operate information technology systems, traceability systems or digital platforms, ensuring that investment is not duplicated and that data are connected, exchanged and synchronized with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability. For information technology systems, traceability systems and digital platforms already built and put into operation, organize their maintenance, upgrading and improvement, and ensure data connection, and sharing with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability and the National Database on Products and Goods in accordance with this Decree and relevant guidance.

3. After 3 months from the date of issuance of the list of high-risk products and goods and the roadmap for mandatory traceability under Clause 2, Article 22 of Decree No. 37/2026/ND-CP, line ministries shall complete their decisions on whether identification, verification and traceability are to be carried out by lot or batch or down to each individual unit of a product or goods.

4. Specify the critical events for which digital certificates must be created in the course of product and goods traceability, consistent with risk levels, product and goods characteristics, technical infrastructure conditions, the roadmap for implementing management requirements, and the responsibilities of related organizations and individuals in accordance with law.

Where line ministries prescribe additional critical events for which digital certificates must be created for products and goods on the list subject to mandatory traceability, such regulations must be issued before commencing data connection, sharing, and synchronization with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability. Line ministries shall be responsible for the feasibility and practical suitability of the additional critical events.

5. Create, or require and ensure that units issuing product and goods quality certifications, certificates of origin and other documents associated with products and goods in accordance with law; create, digital certificates corresponding to certifications under the management of line ministries, and record them on Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability. Issue a list of documents associated with high-risk products and goods in accordance with law no later than the commencement of the traceability roadmap for products and goods under their management, and update the list every 3 months when changes occur.

Article 35. Provincial-level People’s Committees shall

1. Direct local agencies, organizations and individuals to coordinate in collecting and updating data on product and goods identification, verification and traceability in their localities.

2. Develop plans for exploitation, updating, sharing and use, and organize information systems capable of integration with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability.

3. Exploit and use Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability as shared technical infrastructure to perform management operations for the identification, verification and traceability of products and goods in their localities; and exploit data from Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability for management, monitoring, supervision, compilation, analysis and reporting on product and goods identification, verification and traceability within their respective local jurisdictions. Where separate specialized, sectoral or local state management operations are required, allocate resources to build, administer and operate information technology systems, traceability systems or digital platforms, ensuring that investment is not duplicated and that data are connected, exchanged and synchronized with the National Platform. For information technology systems, traceability systems and digital platforms already built and put into operation, organize their maintenance, upgrading, and ensure data connection, and sharing with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability in accordance with this Decree and relevant guidance.

Chapter VIII

IMPLEMENTATION PROVISIONS

Article 36. Effect

This Decree takes effect on January 01, 2027.

Article 37. Transitional provisions

1. State agencies that have issued lists of high-risk products and goods, and organizations and individuals operating product and goods traceability systems, shall connect, share, and synchronize data with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability in accordance with this Decree no later than 6 months after the National Data Center announces that the Platform meets the conditions for such activities.

2. Data related to product and goods traceability that have been lawfully created, collected and declared before the effective date of this Decree are not required to be collected or re-declared and may be connected to and synchronized with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability for the creation of UIDs in accordance with regulations. Organizations and enterprises shall be legally responsible for the accuracy, completeness and legality of information and data on products and goods and for data connection and synchronization with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability.

3. Traceability systems, information systems, databases, digital platforms, codes and barcodes lawfully built, issued, used or operated before the effective date of this Decree may continue to be used and shall be connected to and synchronized with Vietnam’s Platform for Product Identification, Verification and Traceability according to the roadmap specified in this Article. No replacement, re-issuance or re-declaration of information, data, codes or barcodes that have been validly verified is required, unless they fail to meet the requirements for accuracy, integrity, safety or connection and interoperability under this Decree.

Article 38. Implementation provisions

1. The Ministry of Public Security shall guide, inspect and urge the implementation of this Decree.

2. Ministers, heads of ministerial-level agencies and Chairpersons of provincial-level People’s Committees shall implement this Decree.

Appendix

REGULATIONS ON PRODUCT AND GOODS
UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS (UIDs)

(Attached to the Government’s Decree No. 372/2026/ND-CP
dated September 29, 2026)

1. Applicable principles and standards

Product and goods unique identifiers (UIDs) shall be developed in compliance with:

a) GS1 international standards on codes and barcodes (GTIN, SGTIN, GLN, SSCC and related standards);

b) W3C standard on decentralized identifiers;

c) National Standard TCVN 13274:2020 on traceability- Guidelines for formatting tracing codes;

d) GS1 Digital Link standard.

2. Structure of product and goods unique identifiers

a) A product and goods unique identifier shall be represented as a two-dimensional code conforming to the GS1 Digital Link standard as follows:

https://[DOMAIN]/01/[GTIN]/10or21/[SGTIN];

Product and goods unique identifiers shall be readable, decodable, verifiable and traceable nationally and internationally.

b) Product and goods unique identifiers shall be developed using Application Identifiers (AIs) under GS1 standards, ensuring international interoperability and compatibility with the GS1 Digital Link standard and related technical standards.

c) A product and goods unique identifier must include GS1 Application Identifier “01” to represent the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) as the basis for identification.

d) For high-risk products and goods requiring identification down to each individual product unit under this Decree, a product and goods unique identifier must include GS1 Application Identifier “10” or “21” to represent the globally unique identification number of each lot/batch or each individual unit of a product or goods.

dd) The use of other GS1 Application Identifiers, such as expiration date codes, internal reference codes or additional data fields, shall be consistent with specialized management requirements and product and goods characteristics, and shall be decided by competent agencies.

3. The Ministry of Public Security shall assume the prime responsibility for, and coordinate with the Ministry of Science and Technology in, providing guidance on adjustments and updates to the UID structure according to management requirements in each period, ensuring consistency with the laws on codes, barcodes, standards and technical regulations, and relevant standards concerning GS1, GTIN, traceability codes, data carriers and TCVN 13274:2020.